TCP/IP Use in Wireless Sensor Networks Livio Sgier Roadmap - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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TCP/IP Use in Wireless Sensor Networks Livio Sgier Roadmap - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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TCP/IP Use in Wireless Sensor Networks Livio Sgier Roadmap Introduction and Motivation TCP/IP in General TCP/IP in Wireless Sensor Networks Summary and Conclusion Page 2 Roadmap Introduction and Motivation TCP/IP in

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TCP/IP Use in Wireless Sensor Networks

Livio Sgier

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Roadmap

  • Introduction and Motivation
  • TCP/IP in General
  • TCP/IP in Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Summary and Conclusion
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Page 3

Roadmap

  • Introduction and Motivation
  • TCP/IP in General
  • TCP/IP in Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Summary and Conclusion
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Internet of Things (IoT)

The IoT is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and

  • ther items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network

connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

Source: https://www.linkedin.com/topic/internet-of-things

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

WSNs are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical

  • r environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc.

and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.

  • CPU: 8-bit AVR, 16 MHz
  • 128 KB Instruction Mem.
  • 8 KB RAM
  • A. Dunkels: Towards TCP/IP for Wireless Sensor Networks; March 2005
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Roadmap

  • Introduction and Motivation
  • TCP/IP in General
  • TCP/IP in Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Summary and Conclusion
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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

  • Physical/Network Access Layer: Networking hardware transmission (IEEE 802.3, 802.11)
  • Internet/Network Layer: Addressing, Routing (IP, ICMP, etc.)
  • Transport Layer: Host-to-Host communication (TCP, UDP, SCTP, etc.)
  • Application Layer: Process-to-process communication (Bitcoin, FTP, etc.)

Source: http://i.stack.imgur.com/FOfAU.jpg

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Internet Protocol (IP) Header Format

Corresponding RFC: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc791

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Header Format

Corresponding RFC: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793

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Roadmap

  • Introduction and Motivation
  • TCP/IP in General
  • TCP/IP in Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Summary and Conclusion
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TCP/IP in WSNs

  • Facilitate monitoring, management, deployment, access
  • Challenges
  • Hardware resources (energy consumption, radio range, memory,

computational capacity)

  • TCP characteristics in wireless networks

→ Modifications and adaptations required!

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Spatial IP Address Assignment

  • Autonomous: GPS on all nodes ( high energy consumption)

⚡

  • Semi-autonomous: GPS/manual config. on some nodes

Adam Dunkels, Thiemo Voigt, and Juan Alonso: Making TCP/IP Viable for Wireless Sensor Networks; January 2004

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Routing

  • Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR)
  • Contrary to Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV)
  • Difference between WSNs and Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET)
  • Directed Diffusion
  • Data-centric instead of address-centric
  • Supports aggregation
  • Application-aware
  • Distributed Hash Tables (e.g., ScatterPastry)
  • Creating a routing overlay
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Header Compression (1)

  • Goal: Have as much space as possible in packet for payload
  • Traditional IP + TCP Header = 40 Byte
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Header Compression (2)

  • Only save difference of value, not actual value. Omit if difference is 0.
  • Assumptions
  • No additional IP and TCP options
  • No Fragmentation
  • In-Order Delivery
  • No Time to Live

→ Header size ranges between 4 and 12 Byte

Push Flag

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Distributed TCP Caching

  • Wireless transmission characteristics
  • High bit-error rates
  • High latencies
  • Limited Bandwidth
  • Mobility
  • Temporary Disconnections
  • Distributed TCP Caching offers significant improvements
  • Caching TCP segments
  • Local retransmission

→ Energy consumption balanced → Reducing overall TCP segments traffic

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Distributed TCP Caching - Example

1) Sender sends 3 segments to receiver 2) Segments 1 and 2 lost, cached locally 3) Nodes 5 and 7 local retransmission

  • Positive ACKs on link-layer to spot loss
  • Fast retransmission
  • Congestion threshold decreasing

Node = Intermediate Node on communication path

Adam Dunkels, Thiemo Voigt, and Juan Alonso: Making TCP/IP Viable for Wireless Sensor Networks; January 2004

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Roadmap

  • Introduction and Motivation
  • TCP/IP in General
  • TCP/IP in Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Summary and Conclusion
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Summary and Conclusion

  • Modifications on the Network Layer
  • Spatial IP Address Assignment
  • Routing
  • Modifications on the Transport Layer
  • Distributed TCP Caching
  • Overall improvement strategies
  • Header Compression

→ Yes, TCP/IP can be and is used in WSNs (e.g., lwIP, uIP)

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Thank you...

Source: http://espei.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/equipmentprotection3.png

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Question 1

What do you think IoT will look like in 5-10 years?

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Question 2

Does it make sense “at the moment” to include TCP/IP by default for current WSN hardware?

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Question 3

The role of standardization?

Source: https://cagenutsandbolts.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/network-communication-protocols-map.jpg