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TagAlong: Efficient Integration of Battery-Free Sensor Tags in Standard Wireless Networks
Carlos Pérez-Penichet Diliushi Piumwardane Christian Rohner Thiemo Voigt
Attractive Applications
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TagAlong: Efficient Integration of Battery-Free Sensor Tags in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
TagAlong: Efficient Integration of Battery-Free Sensor Tags in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
TagAlong: Efficient Integration of Battery-Free Sensor Tags in Standard Wireless Networks Carlos Prez-Penichet Diliushi Piumwardane Christian Rohner Thiemo Voigt Attractive Applications 2 Attractive Applications 2 Battery-free Tag
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Attractive Applications
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Battery-free Tag Commodity Device
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Battery-free Tag Commodity Device Messages
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Battery-free Tag Commodity Device C a r r i e r Messages
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Commodity Device Battery-free Tag Commodity Device C a r r i e r Messages
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Challenges
Energy Latency Interference
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TagAlong
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TagAlong
- Parallelize interrogations
- Share carrier generators when possible
- Synchronize tag interrogations
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 6
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 6
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 6
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 6
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 6
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3
Slotframe
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3
Slotframe
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 6
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 6
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 T1 Host Carrier Generator
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 T1 Host
TX
Carrier Generator
RX
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 T1 Host
TX
Carrier Generator
RX Carrier
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 T1
RX
Host
TX TX (req)
Carrier Generator
RX Carrier
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 T1
RX TX (reply)
Host
TX TX (req) RX
Carrier Generator
RX Carrier Carrier
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 8
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3
Additional Latency 8
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System Model
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3
Edge/Cloud
Nodes Tags Nodes Tags Nodes Tags A0 T1 T1 T1 A1 C C C A2 T2 C T2 C T2 C . . . A3 C C C A4 T3 T3 T3 8
Must reduce length of tags’ schedule . . . to minimize energy, latency and spectum overhead
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Example
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3 cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 C A3 C A4 T3 Sequential Schedule
cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 A3 C A4 T3
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Example
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3 cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 C A3 C A4 T3 Sequential Schedule
cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 A3 C A4 T3
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Share carrier generators . . . to save energy, time and spectrum
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Example
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3 cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 C A3 C A4 T3 Sequential Schedule
cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 A3 C A4 T3 TagAlong’s Schedule
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Example
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3 cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 C A3 C A4 T3 Sequential Schedule
cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 A3 C A4 T3 TagAlong’s Schedule
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Example
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
T1 T2 T3 cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 C A3 C A4 T3 Sequential Schedule
cycle 1 2 3
A0 T1 A1 C A2 T2 A3 C A4 T3 TagAlong’s Schedule
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 Other Host T2 T1 Host Carrier Generator Other Host T2
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 Other Host T2 T1 Host
TX
Carrier Generator
RX
Other Host
TX
T2
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 Other Host T2 T1 Host
TX
Carrier Generator
RX
Other Host
TX
T2
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Unmodulated carrier as carrier request avoids collissions in shared carrier generators
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 Other Host T2 T1 Host
TX CG
Carrier Generator
RX
Other Host
CG
T2
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 Other Host T2 T1 Host
TX CG
Carrier Generator
RX Carrier
Other Host
CG
T2
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Tag Interrogation
Carrier Generator Host T1 Other Host T2 T1
RX TX (reply)
Host
TX CG TX (req) RX
Carrier Generator
RX Carrier Carrier
Other Host
CG TX (req) RX
T2
RX TX (reply)
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System Overview
- 1. Collect network topology in cloud/edge
- 2. Compute schedule with constraint solver
- 3. Disseminate new schedule
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Power
2 3 4 5 6 150 200 250 300 Number of Tags Carrier Power per Interrogation per Tag [µW]
Sequential TagAlong
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With Real Testbed Topologies
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
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With Real Testbed Topologies
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
T1 T2 T3 T4 T6 T5
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With Real Testbed Topologies
2 4 6 8 10 5 10 Number of Tags Necessary Slots
Dedicated Slots Testbed 1 Testbed 2 Testbed 32 4 6 8 10 5 10 Number of Tags Necessary Carriers
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Conclusions
- 1. First system to coordinate carriers for battery-free devices
- 2. Implemented and tested in real testbed
- 3. Optimizes latency, energy consumption and spectrum usage
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