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❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❆ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❚♦♦❧ t♦ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t❡ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ▼✉❧t✐♣r♦❝❡ss♦r ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ▼❛①✐♠❡ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ P✐❡rr❡✲❊♠♠❛♥✉❡❧ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❆♥♥❡✲▼❛r✐❡ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ maxime.cheramy@laas.fr ❏✉❧② ✽✱ ✷✵✶✹ ✺t❤ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❲♦r❦s❤♦♣ ♦♥ ❆♥❛❧②s✐s ❚♦♦❧s ❛♥❞ ▼❡t❤♦❞♦❧♦❣✐❡s ❢♦r ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛❧✲t✐♠❡ ❙②st❡♠s ✭❲❆❚❊❘❙✮ ✶ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ✶ ❙✐♠❙♦ ✷ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ✹ ✷ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ✶ ❙✐♠❙♦ ✷ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ✹ ✸ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦❜❧❡♠ ❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧❡ ❈P❯✶ τ ✶ τ ✷ τ ✶ τ ✷ τ ✸ τ ✶ t τ ✸ τ ✹ ❈P❯✷ τ ✺ τ ✹ τ ✷ τ ✺ τ ✺ t ■♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ▼✉❧t✐♣r♦❝❡ss♦r ❛♥❞ ♣❡r✐♦❞✐❝ t❛s❦s ❆r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡ ✹ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ▼❛♥② ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ▼✉❧t✐♣r♦❝❡ss♦r ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❚♦ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t❡ t❤❡✐r ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✳ ✺ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❙❡✈❡r❛❧ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s ❚❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ●♦♦❞ ✇❛② t♦ ♣r♦✈❡ s❝❤❡❞✉❧❛❜✐❧✐t②✱ ❜✉t ❤❛r❞ t♦ t❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛t✐♦♥ s♦♠❡ ❛s♣❡❝ts ❊♠♣✐r✐❝❛❧ st✉❞✐❡s ♦♥ r❡❛❧ s②st❡♠s ❘❡❛❧✐st✐❝✳ ❇✉t r❡q✉✐r❡ ❛ s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥t ❛♠♦✉♥t ♦❢ t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ s❦✐❧❧s t♦ ❤❛♥❞❧❡ t❤❡ t♦♦❧s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ r❡s✉❧ts ❛r❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t♦ ❛ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♣❧❛t❢♦r♠ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❊❛s② t♦ ✉s❡ ❛♥❞ ✈❡r② ✢❡①✐❜❧❡ ❜✉t ❧❡ss ❛❝❝✉r❛t❡ t❤❛♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ s②st❡♠ ✻ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ✶ ❙✐♠❙♦ ✷ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ✸ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ✹ ✼ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❙✐♠❙♦ ✿ ❆ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t♦r t♦ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❙✐♠❙♦ ✶ ◮ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t♦r ❞❡❞✐❝❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ st✉❞② ♦❢ ♥❡✇ s❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✳ ◮ ❉❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❡❛s② t♦ ✉s❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ❡❛s② t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❢♦r ♥❡✇ ♥❡❡❞s✳ ◮ ❖♣❡♥ ❙♦✉r❝❡ ✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❤♦♠❡♣❛❣❡s✳❧❛❛s✳❢r✴♠❝❤❡r❛♠②✴s✐♠s♦✴ ✶ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ▼✉❧t✐♣r♦❝❡ss♦r ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❖✈❡r❤❡❛❞s ✽ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❚✇♦ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ✉s✐♥❣ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❯s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤✐❝❛❧ ✉s❡r ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ◮ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❛ ♥❡✇ s②st❡♠ ◮ ❙❛✈❡ ❛♥❞ ❧♦❛❞ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s ✭✐♥ ❛♥ ❳▼▲ ✜❧❡✮ ◮ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ❛ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ◮ ❉✐s♣❧❛② t❤❡ r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣ s❝❤❡❞✉❧❡ ❛s ❛ ●❛♥tt ❝❤❛rt ◮ ❆❝❝❡ss ✉s✉❛❧ ♠❡tr✐❝s ❊❛s② t♦ ✉s❡ ●♦♦❞ ✇❛② t♦ ❞❡❜✉❣ ❛♥ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ■♠♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ t♦ ❛✉t♦♠❛t❡ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ s✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ▼❛② ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ ②♦✉ t❤❡ ♠❡tr✐❝ ②♦✉ ❛r❡ ❧♦♦❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✾ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❋✉t✉r❡ ❲♦r❦ ❚✇♦ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ✉s✐♥❣ ❙✐♠❙♦ ❯s✐♥❣ ✐t ❛s ❛ P②t❤♦♥ ▼♦❞✉❧❡ ◮ ●❡♥❡r❛t❡ ❛ s❡t ♦❢ s②st❡♠s ❛♥❞ ❧❛✉♥❝❤ t❤❡✐r s✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ ❛ s❝r✐♣t Effective utilization (%) ◮ ❈♦❧❧❡❝t r❛✇ ❞❛t❛ 52.50 56.25 60.00 63.75 67.50 71.25 75.00 3500 G-EDF (WCET) Sum of preemptions and migrations 3000 RUN (WCET) U-EDF (WCET) 2500 100 2000 ◮ ❯s❡ ♣r❡❞❡✜♥❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞s t♦ r❡tr✐❡✈❡ 80 G-EDF (ACET) 1500 Success rate (%) RUN (ACET) 1000 U-EDF (ACET) 60 500 ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ♠❡tr✐❝s 20 tasks 40 24 tasks 0 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 30 tasks Utilization (%) 20 40 tasks 50 tasks 0 ◮ ✳✳✳♦r ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣ ②♦✉r ♠❡t❤♦❞s t♦ 75 80 85 90 95 100 Utilization (%) ❝♦♠♣✉t❡ ✇❤❛t ②♦✉ ♥❡❡❞✳ ❱❡r② ✢❡①✐❜❧❡ ❘❡q✉✐r❡ t♦ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣ ❛♥❞ ❧❡❛r♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ✶✵ ✴ ✸✶ ❈❤ér❛♠②✱ ❍❧❛❞✐❦ ❛♥❞ ❉é♣❧❛♥❝❤❡ ❙✐♠❙♦✿ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❚✐♠❡ ❙❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣