t st t r t t r str ts
play

tst t r t tr - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

tst t r t tr strts rr s s r


  1. ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ❈♦❧❧♦q✉❡ ❘és❡❛✉① à ❧❛r❣❡ ❜❛♥❞❡ ❡t ■♥t❡r♥❡t r❛♣✐❞❡ ✱ ❇❡②r♦✉t❤✱ ▼❛r❝❤ ✷✵✶✶

  2. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ✶ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✷ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✸ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ ✹ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✺ ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✻ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ✼ ✷✴✹✻ ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts

  3. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❆❖▼❘ ✶ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✷ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✸ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ ✹ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✺ ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✻ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ✼ ✸✴✹✻ ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts

  4. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❆❧❧✲❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ❆❖▼❘ ❲❛✈❡❧❡♥❣t❤✲r♦✉t❡❞ ❲❉▼ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ● ( ❱ , ❊ , ❲ ) ❖♥❡✲t♦✲♠❛♥② ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♠s ( s , ❉ ) ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ♣❛t❤✿ ▲✐❣❤t✲str✉❝t✉r❡ ✭❛ s❡t ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t✲tr❡❡s ✦✮ ❙♣❛rs❡ s♣❧✐tt✐♥❣ ❙♣❛rs❡ ❙♣❧✐tt✐♥❣ ✿ ♦♥❧② ❢❡✇ ♥♦❞❡s ❡q✉✐♣♣❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❧✐❣❤t s♣❧✐tt❡rs ✭▼❈✮ ❋✐❣✉r❡✿ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ■♥❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ◆♦❞❡ ✭▼■✮ ❛♥❞ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❈❛♣❛❜❧❡ ◆♦❞❡ ✭▼❈✮ ✹✴✹✻ ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts

  5. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❆❧❧✲❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ❆ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥s ✿ ◆♦ ✇❛✈❡❧❡♥❣t❤ ❝♦♥✈❡rs✐♦♥ ❙♣❛rs❡ s♣❧✐tt✐♥❣ ✭❞❡♥s✐t② ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t s♣❧✐tt❡rs ♥♦r♠❛❧❧② ❜❡❧♦✇ ✺✵✪ ✮✳ ❆t ❧❡❛st✱ t✇♦ ♦♣t✐❝❛❧ ✜❜❡rs ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛♥② t✇♦ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t ♥♦❞❡s ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts ✿ ❲❛✈❡❧❡♥❣t❤ ❈♦♥t✐♥✉✐t② ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t✳ ❉✐st✐♥❝t ❲❛✈❡❧❡♥❣t❤ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t✳ ▲✐♠✐t❡❞ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❲❛✈❡❧❡♥❣t❤s✳ ❈❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ ♦❢ ❆❖▼❘ ✿ ▼✐♥✐♠✐③✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦st ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✉❧t✐❝❛st r♦✉t❡s ❢♦r ♠s ( s , ❉ ) ✐s ◆P✲❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡ ✐♥ ❲❉▼ ♠❡s❤ ♥❡t✇♦r❦s✳ ✺✴✹✻ ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts

  6. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❆❧❧✲❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st✐♥❣ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡s ✲ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦s ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ▲✐❣❤t♣❛t❤ ▲✐❣❤t✲tr❛✐❧ ▲✐❣❤t✲tr❡❡ ◆♦ s♣❧✐tt✐♥❣ � � ❖♣t✐♠❛❧ ❙♣❛rs❡ ❙♣❧✐tt✐♥❣ � ❖♣t✐♠❛❧ ❄ ❋✉❧❧ s♣❧✐tt✐♥❣ � ❖♣t✐♠❛❧ ▲✐❣❤t✲tr❡❡ ✐s ❝♦st✲♦♣t✐♠❛❧ ❢♦r ❆❖▼❘ ✇✐t❤ ❢✉❧❧ s♣❧✐tt✐♥❣✳ ■s ❧✐❣❤t✲tr❡❡ ❛❧s♦ ❝♦st✲♦♣t✐♠❛❧ ❢♦r ❆❖▼❘ ✇✐t❤ s♣❛rs❡ s♣❧✐tt✐♥❣❄ ◆❖✦ ✻✴✹✻ ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts

  7. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❆❖▼❘ ✶ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✷ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✸ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ ✹ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✺ ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✻ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ✼ ✼✴✹✻ ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts

  8. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❆❖▼❘ ▲❍✿ ❆ ◆❡✇ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■▲P ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ ❲♦r❦ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ❙♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❖r❣❛♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❈r♦ss P❛✐r ❙✇✐t❝❤✐♥❣ ▲✐❣❤t✲❍✐❡r❛r❝❤② ❈♦st✲❖♣t✐♠❛❧✐t② ✽✴✹✻ ❇❡r♥❛r❞ ❈♦✉s✐♥ ✶ ✱ ▼✐❦❧ós ▼♦❧♥ár ✷ ✱ ❋❡♥ ❩❤♦✉ ✸ ✭✶✮ ■❘■❙❆ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ❘❡♥♥❡s ■ ✭✷✮ ▲■❘▼▼ ✲ ❯♥✐✈✳ ♦❢ ▼♦♥t♣❡❧❧✐❡r ■■ ✭✸✮ ❚❡❧❡❝♦♠ ❇r❡t❛❣♥❡ ▼✉❧t✐❝❛st ❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❖♣t✐❝❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend


More recommend