t st Pts - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

t st p t s t r s
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

t st Pts - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

t st Pts trs s r rtr rst


slide-1
SLIDE 1

❖♥ t❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤s ✐♥ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s

❆❜❜❛s ▼❡❤r❛❜✐❛♥

❛♠❡❤r❛❜✐❅✉✇❛t❡r❧♦♦✳❝❛

❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦

❉✐s❝r❡t❡ ▼❛t❤s ❘❡s❡❛r❝❤ ●r♦✉♣ ▼♦♥❛s❤ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✱ ▼❡❧❜♦✉r♥❡✱ ❆✉str❛❧✐❛ ▼❛② ✷✵t❤✱ ✷✵✶✸

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶ ✴ ✹✵

slide-2
SLIDE 2

❝♦✲❛✉t❤♦rs ❊❤s❛♥ ❊❜r❛❤✐♠③❛❞❡❤ ▲✐♥❞❛ ❋❛r❝③❛❞✐ ❏❛♥❡ ●❛♦ ❈r✐st✐❛♥❡ ❙❛t♦ ◆✐❝❦ ❲♦r♠❛❧❞ ❏♦♥❛t❤❛♥ ❩✉♥❣ P✐❝t✉r❡s✿ ❈❤❛r❛❧❛♠♣♦s ✭❇❛❜✐s✮ ❚s♦✉r❛❦❛❦✐s P❛♣❡r✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❛r①✐✈✳♦r❣✴❛❜s✴✶✸✵✸✳✺✷✶✸

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷ ✴ ✹✵

slide-3
SLIDE 3
slide-4
SLIDE 4
slide-5
SLIDE 5
slide-6
SLIDE 6
slide-7
SLIDE 7
slide-8
SLIDE 8
slide-9
SLIDE 9
slide-10
SLIDE 10
slide-11
SLIDE 11

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦

❆❢t❡r s✉❜❞✐✈✐❞✐♥❣ t t✐♠❡s✱ ❛ r❛♥❞♦♠ tr✐❛♥❣✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣❧❛♥❡ ❣r❛♣❤ t + ✸ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✸t + ✸ ❡❞❣❡s ✷t + ✶ ❢❛❝❡s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ✭❘❆◆✮✳ ❩❤♦✉✱ ❨❛♥✱ ❲❛♥❣✱ P❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❘❡✈✐❡✇ ✭✷✵✵✺✮

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✶ ✴ ✹✵

slide-12
SLIDE 12

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥

▼♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ r❡❛❧✲✇♦r❧❞ ♥❡t✇♦r❦s✿ ❚❤❡ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❚❤❡ ❲❡❜ ❣r❛♣❤ ✭❖♥❧✐♥❡✮ ❙♦❝✐❛❧ ♥❡t✇♦r❦s ❇r❛✐♥ ♥❡✉r♦♥s Pr♦t❡✐♥ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✷ ✴ ✹✵

slide-13
SLIDE 13

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

Pr♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❘❡❛❧✲❲♦r❧❞ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s

✶ P♦✇❡r✲❧❛✇ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥✿

P [❞❡❣(❛ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✈❡rt❡①) = ❦] = ❈❦−β

✷ ❙♠❛❧❧✲✇♦r❧❞ ♣❤❡♥♦♠❡♥♦♥ ✭s✐① ❞❡❣r❡❡s ♦❢ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥✮ ✿

❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ s❤♦rt ♣❛t❤ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s✳

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✸ ✴ ✹✵

slide-14
SLIDE 14

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥

❑♥♦✇♥ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡✿ ❊r❞ös✲❘❡♥②✐ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❣r❛♣❤s ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ ❛tt❛❝❤♠❡♥t ♠♦❞❡❧s ❑r♦♥❡❝❦❡r ❣r❛♣❤s ❈♦♦♣❡r✲❋r✐❡③❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ s✉r❢❡r ❣r❛♣❤s ❋❛❜r✐❦❛♥t✲❑♦✉ts♦✉♣✐❛s✲P❛♣❛❞✐♠✐tr✐♦✉ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❘❆◆s ❛r❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡r❡st✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❢♦r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ♣❧❛♥❛r ❣r❛♣❤s✳

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✹ ✴ ✹✵

slide-15
SLIDE 15

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥

❑♥♦✇♥ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡✿ ❊r❞ös✲❘❡♥②✐ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❣r❛♣❤s ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ ❛tt❛❝❤♠❡♥t ♠♦❞❡❧s ❑r♦♥❡❝❦❡r ❣r❛♣❤s ❈♦♦♣❡r✲❋r✐❡③❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ s✉r❢❡r ❣r❛♣❤s ❋❛❜r✐❦❛♥t✲❑♦✉ts♦✉♣✐❛s✲P❛♣❛❞✐♠✐tr✐♦✉ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❘❆◆s ❛r❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡r❡st✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❢♦r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ♣❧❛♥❛r ❣r❛♣❤s✳

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✹ ✴ ✹✵

slide-16
SLIDE 16

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❑♥♦✇♥ ❘❡s✉❧ts

❉❡❣r❡❡ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡

♥ := ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ❩❦,♥ := ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✇✐t❤ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ❦✳ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❋r✐❡③❡ ❛♥❞ ❚s♦✉r❛❦❛❦✐s ✷✵✶✷✮ ❋♦r ❡✈❡r② ❦ = ❦(♥) ≥ ✸✱ E [❩❦,♥] = Θ(♥❦−✸), ❛♥❞✱ P

  • ❩❦,♥ − E [❩❦,♥]
  • > ✶✵
  • ♥ ❧♦❣ ♥
  • → ✵

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✺ ✴ ✹✵

slide-17
SLIDE 17

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ ❉✐❛♠❡t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ●r❛♣❤

❉✐❛♠❡t❡r ❂ ✸

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✻ ✴ ✹✵

slide-18
SLIDE 18

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❑♥♦✇♥ ❘❡s✉❧ts

❚❤❡ ❞✐❛♠❡t❡r

❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❆❧❜❡♥q✉❡ ❛♥❞ ▼❛r❝❦❡rt ✷✵✵✽✮ ❉✐st❛♥❝❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s → ✵.✺✺ ❧♦❣ ♥✳ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❋r✐❡③❡ ❛♥❞ ❚s♦✉r❛❦❛❦✐s ✷✵✶✷✮ P [❞✐❛♠❡t❡r > ✼.✶ ❧♦❣ ♥] → ✵ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ❞✐❛♠❡t❡r ❧♦❣ ♥ ❝ ✶ ✻✻✽ ✐♥ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t②

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✼ ✴ ✹✵

slide-19
SLIDE 19

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❑♥♦✇♥ ❘❡s✉❧ts

❚❤❡ ❞✐❛♠❡t❡r

❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❆❧❜❡♥q✉❡ ❛♥❞ ▼❛r❝❦❡rt ✷✵✵✽✮ ❉✐st❛♥❝❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s → ✵.✺✺ ❧♦❣ ♥✳ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❋r✐❡③❡ ❛♥❞ ❚s♦✉r❛❦❛❦✐s ✷✵✶✷✮ P [❞✐❛♠❡t❡r > ✼.✶ ❧♦❣ ♥] → ✵ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ❞✐❛♠❡t❡r ❧♦❣ ♥ → ❝ ≈ ✶.✻✻✽ ✐♥ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t②

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✼ ✴ ✹✵

slide-20
SLIDE 20

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❖✉r ❘❡s✉❧t ♦♥ t❤❡ ❉✐❛♠❡t❡r

❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ❢ (①) := ✶✷①✸ ✶ − ✷① − ✻①✸ ✶ − ① , ② := ✉♥✐q✉❡ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ t♦ ①(① − ✶)❢ ′(①) = ❢ (①) ❧♦❣ ❢ (①), ① ∈ (✵, ✶/✷) , ❝ := (✶ − ②−✶)/ ❧♦❣ ❢ (②) ≈ ✶.✻✻✽ ❚❤❡♥ ❢♦r ❡✈❡r② ✜①❡❞ ε > ✵✱ P [(✶ − ε)❝ ❧♦❣ ♥ ≤ ❞✐❛♠❡t❡r ≤ (✶ + ε)❝ ❧♦❣ ♥] → ✶

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✽ ✴ ✹✵

slide-21
SLIDE 21

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❚❤❡ ❝♦♥❥❡❝t✉r❡

❈♦♥❥❡❝t✉r❡ ✭❋r✐❡③❡ ❛♥❞ ❚s♦✉r❛❦❛❦✐s ✷✵✶✷✮ P [∃ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ♣♦s✐t✐✈❡ ❢r❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s] → ✶ ◆♦t tr✉❡✦

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✾ ✴ ✹✵

slide-22
SLIDE 22

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❚❤❡ ❝♦♥❥❡❝t✉r❡

❈♦♥❥❡❝t✉r❡ ✭❋r✐❡③❡ ❛♥❞ ❚s♦✉r❛❦❛❦✐s ✷✵✶✷✮ P [∃ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ♣♦s✐t✐✈❡ ❢r❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s] → ✶ ◆♦t tr✉❡✦

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✶✾ ✴ ✹✵

slide-23
SLIDE 23

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❖✉r r❡s✉❧ts

♠ := ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❢❛❝❡s = ✷♥ − ✺ ▲♠ := ❧❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣❡st ♣❛t❤ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ✭❆✮ ∃θ > ✵ : P

  • ▲♠ < ♥/(❧♦❣ ♥)θ

→ ✶ ✭❇✮ ▲♠ ♠✵ ✻✸ ✭❈✮ ▲♠ ♠✵ ✽✽

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✵ ✴ ✹✵

slide-24
SLIDE 24

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❖✉r r❡s✉❧ts

♠ := ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❢❛❝❡s = ✷♥ − ✺ ▲♠ := ❧❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣❡st ♣❛t❤ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ✭❆✮ ∃θ > ✵ : P

  • ▲♠ < ♥/(❧♦❣ ♥)θ

→ ✶ ✭❇✮ ▲♠ > ♠✵.✻✸ ✭❈✮ E [▲♠] = Ω

  • ♠✵.✽✽

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✵ ✴ ✹✵

slide-25
SLIDE 25

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❆✮ ❯♣♣❡r ❇♦✉♥❞ ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❚❤❡ ▼❛✐♥ ■❞❡❛

❈❧❛✐♠✿ ❆ s✐♠♣❧❡ ♣❛t❤ ❝❛♥♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ✾ r❡❣✐♦♥s✳

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✶ ✴ ✹✵

slide-26
SLIDE 26
slide-27
SLIDE 27

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❆✮ ❯♣♣❡r ❇♦✉♥❞ ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❚❤❡ ▼❛✐♥ ■❞❡❛

❈❧❛✐♠✿ ❆ s✐♠♣❧❡ ♣❛t❤ ❝❛♥♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ✾ r❡❣✐♦♥s✳

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✸ ✴ ✹✵

slide-28
SLIDE 28
slide-29
SLIDE 29
slide-30
SLIDE 30

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❆✮ ❊❣❣❡♥❜❡r❣❡r✲Pó❧②❛ ❯r♥

❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊❣❣❡♥❜❡r❣❡r ❛♥❞ Pó❧②❛ ✶✾✷✸✮ ❙t❛rt✿ ❣ ❣r❡❡♥✱ r r❡❞ ❜❛❧❧s✳ ■♥ ❡❛❝❤ st❡♣✿ ♣✐❝❦ ❛ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❜❛❧❧ ❛♥❞ r❡t✉r♥ ✐t t♦ t❤❡ ✉r♥❀ ❛❞❞ s ❜❛❧❧s ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝♦❧♦✉r✳ ❆❢t❡r ♥ ❞r❛✇s✿ ❣♥✿ ❣r❡❡♥ ❜❛❧❧s t♥✿ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❜❛❧❧s ❋♦r ❛♥② α ∈ [✵, ✶] ❧✐♠

♥→∞ P

❣♥ t♥ < α

  • = Γ((❣ + r)/s)

Γ(❣/s)Γ(r/s) α

❣ s −✶(✶ − ①) r s −✶ ❞①

= P [❇❡t❛(❣/s, r/s) < α]

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✻ ✴ ✹✵

slide-31
SLIDE 31
slide-32
SLIDE 32

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❆✮ ❯♣♣❡r ❇♦✉♥❞ ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❈♦r♦❧❧❛r② P ♠✐♥{❩✶, · · · , ❩✾} ♥ < ǫ

  • < ✶✸ ✹

√ǫ .

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✽ ✴ ✹✵

slide-33
SLIDE 33

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❆✮ ❯♣♣❡r ❇♦✉♥❞ ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❋✐① ❛ s♠❛❧❧ ǫ✳ ❲❡ ❧♦s❡ ♥

  • ε + (✶ − ε)ε + (✶ − ε)✷ε + · · · + (✶ − ε)❦ε
  • = ♥
  • ✶ − (✶ − ε)❦+✶

✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✐♥ ❛♥② s✐♠♣❧❡ ♣❛t❤✳ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ✭❆✮ ✵ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ▲♠ ♥ ❧♦❣ ♥ ✶

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✾ ✴ ✹✵

slide-34
SLIDE 34

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❆✮ ❯♣♣❡r ❇♦✉♥❞ ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❋✐① ❛ s♠❛❧❧ ǫ✳ ❲❡ ❧♦s❡ ♥

  • ε + (✶ − ε)ε + (✶ − ε)✷ε + · · · + (✶ − ε)❦ε
  • = ♥
  • ✶ − (✶ − ε)❦+✶

✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✐♥ ❛♥② s✐♠♣❧❡ ♣❛t❤✳ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ✭❆✮ ∃θ > ✵ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t P

  • ▲♠ < ♥/(❧♦❣ ♥)θ

→ ✶

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✷✾ ✴ ✹✵

slide-35
SLIDE 35

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

▲♦✇❡r ❇♦✉♥❞s ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

♠ := ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❢❛❝❡s = ✷♥ − ✺ ▲♠ := ❧❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣❡st ♣❛t❤ η := ❧♦❣ ✷/ ❧♦❣ ✸ ≈ ✵.✻✸ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❊▲P❆◆❈❏✬✶✸✰✮ ✭❇✮ ▲♠ > ♠η ✭❈✮ E [▲♠] = Ω

  • ♠✵.✽✽

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✵ ✴ ✹✵

slide-36
SLIDE 36

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❇✮ ▲♦✇❡r ❇♦✉♥❞s ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

▲❡♠♠❛ ❋♦r ❛♥② t✇♦ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r② ✈❡rt✐❝❡s✱ ∃ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ ❧❡♥❣t❤ > ♠η ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r② ✈❡rt❡①✳

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✶ ✴ ✹✵

slide-37
SLIDE 37

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❇✮ ▲♦✇❡r ❇♦✉♥❞s ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❆ss✉♠❡ t❤❛t ♠✶ ≥ ♠✷ ≥ ♠✸

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✷ ✴ ✹✵

slide-38
SLIDE 38

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❇✮ ▲♦✇❡r ❇♦✉♥❞s ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

▲♠ ≥ ♠η

✶ + ♠η ✷ ≥ ✷

♠ ✸ η = ♠η s✐♥❝❡ ♠✶ ≥ ♠✷ ≥ ♠✸ ❛♥❞ ♠✶ + ♠✷ + ♠✸ = ♠

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✸ ✴ ✹✵

slide-39
SLIDE 39

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❈✮ ▲♦✇❡r ❇♦✉♥❞s ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❋✐♥❛❧❧②✱ ✇❡ s❦❡t❝❤ t❤❡ ♣r♦♦❢ ♦❢ ✭❈✮ ✦

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✹ ✴ ✹✵

slide-40
SLIDE 40

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❈✮ ▲♦✇❡r ❇♦✉♥❞s ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

E [▲♠] ≥ E

  • ❩ ✵.✽✽

+ ❩ ✵.✽✽

  • ❩✶ ≥ ❩✷ ≥ ❩✸
  • ❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✺ ✴ ✹✵

slide-41
SLIDE 41

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

✭❈✮ ▲♦✇❡r ❇♦✉♥❞s ❢♦r ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

E [▲♠] ♠✵.✽✽ ≥ E ❩✶ ♠ ✵.✽✽ + ❩✷ ♠ ✵.✽✽

  • ❩✶ ≥ ❩✷ ≥ ❩✸
  • = ✻
  • s≥t≥✶−s−t

P ❩✶ ♠ , ❩✷ ♠

  • = (s, t)
  • (s✵.✽✽ + t✵.✽✽)

→ ✻

  • s≥t≥✶−s−t

❢ (s, t)(s✵.✽✽ + t✵.✽✽)❞s❞t ≥ ✶

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✻ ✴ ✹✵

slide-42
SLIDE 42

❖♣❡♥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

❖♣❡♥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

❚❤❡ ▲♦♥❣❡st P❛t❤

❲❡ s❤♦✇❡❞ ∃θ > ✵ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t P

  • ▲♠ < ♠/(❧♦❣ ♠)θ

→ ✶ ❛♥❞ ▲♠ > ♠✵.✻✸ ❛♥❞ E [▲♠] = Ω

  • ♠✵.✽✽

❆❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❜♦✉♥❞s ❝❛♥ ♣❡r❤❛♣s ❜❡ ✐♠♣r♦✈❡❞✳ ❈♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ▲♠ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ✐ts ❡①♣❡❝t❡❞ ✈❛❧✉❡❄

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✼ ✴ ✹✵

slide-43
SLIDE 43

❖♣❡♥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

❖♣❡♥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

❈❤❡❡❣❡r ❝♦♥st❛♥t

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ✭❈❤❡❡❣❡r ❝♦♥st❛♥t✮ ♠✐♥ |❊(❙, ❱ \ ❙)| |❙| : |❙| ≤ ♥ ✷

  • ❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✽ ✴ ✹✵

slide-44
SLIDE 44

❖♣❡♥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

❖♣❡♥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

❈❤❡❡❣❡r ❝♦♥st❛♥t

❋r✐❡③❡ ❛♥❞ ❚s♦✉r❛❦❛❦✐s✿ ♠❛①✐♠✉♠ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐s ❖(√♥)✳ ❈❤❡❡❣❡r ❝♦♥st❛♥t ≤ ❖(√♥) ♥/✻ = ❖ ✶ √♥

  • ■s t❤✐s ❜♦✉♥❞ t✐❣❤t❄

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✸✾ ✴ ✹✵

slide-45
SLIDE 45

❖♣❡♥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

❚❤❛♥❦s ❢♦r ②♦✉r ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✦

❆❜❜❛s ✭❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❲❛t❡r❧♦♦✮ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆♣♦❧❧♦♥✐❛♥ ◆❡t✇♦r❦s ▼❛② ✷✵t❤ ✹✵ ✴ ✹✵