T ransformational Opportunity High-intensity, long-baseline beam - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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T ransformational Opportunity High-intensity, long-baseline beam - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Physics Potential T HEIA of the Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept FroST Mar 19th 2016 Gabriel D. Orebi Gann UC Berkeley & LBNL 1 Physics Potential T HEIA of the Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept FroST Mar 19th 2016

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Physics Potential

  • f the

Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept

FroST Mar 19th 2016 Gabriel D. Orebi Gann UC Berkeley & LBNL

THEIA

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SLIDE 2

2

Physics Potential

  • f the

Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept

FroST Mar 19th 2016 Gabriel D. Orebi Gann UC Berkeley & LBNL

THEIA

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SLIDE 3

T ransformational Opportunity

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High-intensity, long-baseline beam aimed at deep underground lab

ν

Fully-equipped, deep underground lab

Investment in LBNF facility makes possible a broad program Should be fully exploited What other physics can we do here?

ν

World-class facility (soon to be) open for business!

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SLIDE 4

Bird’s-Eye View

  • 1. The Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept
  • 2. Physics Program
  • Low-energy physics
  • Rare-event searches
  • Long-baseline physics
  • 3. Required R&D
  • Planned Demonstrations

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  • 1. Advanced Scintillation

Detector Concept

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SLIDE 6

The Precision of a Cherenkov Detector

  • High transparency: good light collection
  • Topological information
  • Particle identification (ring imaging)
  • Directionality

Already demonstrated at 1–50 kt-scale (SNO, SuperK)

  • Solar neutrinos
  • Atmospheric neutrinos
  • Proton decay

SNO D2O

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SLIDE 7

The Power of a Scintillator Detector

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  • High light yield: threshold, resolution
  • Sub-Cherenkov threshold detection
  • “Fast” timing at low threshold: coincidence tag
  • Particle identification
  • Can be made ultra clean

Already demonstrated at kt-scale (KL, Borexino)

  • Solar neutrinos
  • Atmospheric neutrinos
  • Proton decay
  • Geoneutrinos
  • Supernova neutrinos
  • Diffuse supernova neutrino background

Energy (keV) Borexino Nature article

  • Astropart. Phys. 35

(2011) 685-732

Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy

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SLIDE 8

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  • New technology with proven methodology

Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept (ASDC)

House light-producing target inside large monolithic detector Novel, breakthrough target medium

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  • New technology with proven methodology

Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept (ASDC)

House light-producing target inside large monolithic detector Novel, breakthrough target medium

Water-based liquid scintillator — Minfang

Yeh et al.

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SLIDE 10

Powerful Target Medium

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  • Tune to specific physics goals
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SLIDE 11
  • Cherenkov topology
  • Directional information at low energy
  • Particle ID at high energy (ring imaging)
  • Metal loading
  • High transparency (light collection)
  • High scintillation yield
  • Low threshold (sub Cherenkov t/h) detection
  • Good energy & vertex resolution
  • Cher / scint ratio
  • Event ID

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Potential WbLS Capability

Neutrino Electron Neutrino Electron

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SLIDE 12

Cherenkov/scintillation separation

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arXiv:1409.5864

Methods to enhance separation:

  • Ultra-fast photon detection

(LAPPDs)

  • Delay scintillation light
  • Optimize cocktail: scintillation

fraction & spectrum (fluor)

  • Readout sensitivity

water-based LS fast Cherenkov component slow scintillation component

1.3ns TTS 0.1ns TTS

See Z. Wang talk for recent results

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THEIA:

A realisation of the Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept (ASDC)

  • Large-scale detector (50-100 kton)
  • WbLS target
  • Fast, high-efficiency photon detection

with high coverage

  • Deep u/ground (Pyhäsalmi, Homestake)
  • Isotope loading (Gd, Te, Li...)
  • Flexible! Target, loading, configuration

➡ Broad physics program!

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Detector image product of RAT

  • PAC

60m 60m

Concept paper - arXiv:1409.5864

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SLIDE 14

THEIA:

A realisation of the Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept (ASDC)

Detector image product of RAT

  • PAC

Concept paper - arXiv:1409.5864

60m 60m

  • Large-scale detector (50-100 kton)
  • WbLS target
  • Fast, high-efficiency photon detection

with high coverage

  • Deep u/ground (Pyhäsalmi, Homestake)
  • Isotope loading (Gd, Te, Li...)
  • Flexible! Target, loading, configuration

➡ Broad physics program!

14

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SLIDE 15

THEIA:

A realisation of the Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept (ASDC)

Detector image product of RAT

  • PAC

Concept paper - arXiv:1409.5864

60m 60m

  • Large-scale detector (50-100 kton)
  • WbLS target
  • Fast, high-efficiency photon detection

with high coverage

  • Deep u/ground (Pyhäsalmi, Homestake)
  • Isotope loading (Gd, Te, Li...)
  • Flexible! Target, loading, configuration

➡ Broad physics program!

15

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SLIDE 16

THEIA:

A realisation of the Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept (ASDC)

Detector image product of RAT

  • PAC

Concept paper - arXiv:1409.5864

60m 60m

  • Large-scale detector (50-100 kton)
  • WbLS target
  • Fast, high-efficiency photon detection

with high coverage

  • Deep u/ground (Pyhäsalmi, Homestake)
  • Isotope loading (Gd, Te, Li...)
  • Flexible! Target, loading, configuration

➡ Broad physics program!

16

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SLIDE 17

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  • 2. Physics Program
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Physics Program

Remarkably, the same detector could show that neutrinos and antineutrinos are the same, and that “neutrinos” and “antineutrinos” oscillate differently

Physics over 5

  • rders of

magnitude

Nuclear Physics

  • 1. Neutrinoless double beta decay
  • 2. Solar neutrinos (solar metallicity, luminosity)
  • 3. Geo-neutrinos
  • 4. Supernova burst neutrinos & DSNB
  • 5. Source-based sterile searches
  • 6. Nucleon decay
  • 7. Long-baseline physics (mass hierarchy, CP violation)

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High- Energy Physics

Leptogenesis

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NLDBD

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ROI

Asymmetric ROI (-0.5 - 1.5 σ): Background dominated by 8B solar neutrinos!

Builds on critical developments by KLZ & SNO+ collaborations

Phys.Rev.Lett.110 : 062502 (2013); SNO+ white paper (in progress);

  • Phys. Rev. D 87 no. 7 : 071301 (2013)

50kt detector 50% reduction of 8B Particle ID / coincidence tags for int r/a Rfit > 5.5m from PMTs (30kt fid) 0.5% loading (natTe) in 50kt ➾ 50t 130Te

Projected spectrum in SNO+: 5 years, 0.5% natTe

SNO+ collaboration

➾ 3σ discovery for mββ=15meV in 10 yrs

arXiv:1409.5864

[Chen, Biller, Manecki talks]

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1996, W.C. Haxton: isotope loading for CC interaction (water) 2000s, M. Yeh et al.: water-based liquid scintillator CC detection in WbLS: high-precision spectral measurement to low energy! ⇒ search for new physics, solar metallicity, MSW effect

  • Nucl. Inst. & Meth. A660 51 (2011)

“Salty water Cherenkov detectors” W.C. Haxton PRL 76 (1996) 10

arXiv:1409.5864

Solar Neutrinos

Spectral Sensitivity (CC)

cosθ⊙< 0.4

30kt fiducial 1% 7Li by mass Conservative 100 pe/MeV Unprecedented low-energy statistics (ES)

Similar to LENA — Astropart. Phys. 35 (2011) 685-732 + directionality from Cherenkov Enabled by use of WbLS (7Li, CC)

[Smy talk]

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SLIDE 21

Antineutrino Detection

  • Detect via IBD
  • High light yield allows enhanced n tag : 2.2 MeV γ from 1H
  • Suppress single-event background that limits water Cherenkov
  • Higher detection efficiency than Gd-H2O due to high scint. yield
  • Reduce NC background that limits LS detectors

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Geo Neutrinos

  • Current total geo-ν exposure:

< 10kt-yr (KL + Borexino)

  • THEIA: large statistics in a

complementary geographical location

DSNB

  • Enhanced n tag
  • Reduced NC background
  • Most sensitive search to-date
  • Plus NaCl for ν signal

[Wurm, Gratta talks]

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Supernova

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Neutrinos

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  • Enhanced n tag via low threshold scintillation
  • Gd reduces n-cap time delay (200μs → 20 μs) ⇒ reduce pile up
  • IBD tag allows extraction of additional signals
  • Bkg reduction for ES, doubling pointing accuracy
  • ID CC & monoE γ from NC ⇒ sensitive to burst T & subsequent ν mixing

Supernova Burst in THEIA

  • ~15k events for SN at

10 kpc (50 kt volume)

  • ~90% events are IBD

Highly complementary to νe-dominated LAr signal

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Early warning (PR value) [Vagins talk]

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SLIDE 24

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  • Deploy 8Li decay-at-rest (IsoDAR)
  • 13MeV endpoint (above r/a)
  • Required detector response:

15% (E) & 50cm (R)

  • 5 yrs, 1kt (black) / 20kT fid. (blue)

Sterile Neutrinos

Figs from arXiv:1409.5864

Nucleon Decay

  • Large, deep, very clean
  • Enhanced n tag
  • Sub-Cherenkov threshold

detection

  • Sensitive to several modes

Sub-Chr t/h detection ⇒ Directly visible K+

THEIA DUNE

  • Heavy-water based LS: 2n tag

(reduce bkg in IBD searches)

[Link, Svoboda talks]

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SLIDE 25

Long Baseline Program

Images from arXiv:1204.2295

  • Large-scale detector at Homestake,

in the LBNF beam

  • Complementary program to

LArTPC (DUNE)

  • Build on WCD studies

(arXiv:1204.2295)

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Production at FNAL 1300km

Ring-imaging of a water Cherenkov detector Particle ID from Cher/scint separation n and low-E hadron detection (low threshold) reduce wrong-sign component (nu vs anti-nu) reduce NC background by detecting π0→γγ Large size ⇾ sensitivity to 2nd oscn max [Worcester talk]

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THEIA Sensitivity

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Study by E. T. Worcester using same GLOBES package used for ELBNF

All figs from E. Worcester

MH sensitivity for 50kt WbLS alone > 5σ Assumes 75% additional NC rejection (beyond SK-I) ~300 kt-MW-yr exposure (40kt LAr) Performance competitive with 40kt LAr TPC !!

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SLIDE 27

Physics Requirements

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Size (kt) Loading Resolution (light yield * coverage) Direction / rings Cleanliness Depth Bag

NLDBD

10 Te, Nd…

Solar

10 Li

Geo

100 Gd

DSNB

50 Gd

Supernova

50 Gd

Nucleon decay

100

Sterile

10

Long baseline

50

Critical Important Nice to have / not important

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SLIDE 28

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  • C. R&D

Program

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Questions to Address

  • What are the properties of WbLS?

light yield, scattering, quenching, timing

  • What is the optimal cocktail for maximal physics output?
  • What are detector configuration constraints?

size, depth, photocathode coverage

  • How good is reconstruction?
  • How good must timing be to separate Cher & scint?
  • Develop particle ID methods using Cher + scint?
  • What technology can enhance detector performance & physics goals?

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Extensive, exciting R&D program

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SLIDE 30

Fast photon detectors (LAPPDs, MCPs) [M. Wetstein]

Ongoing R&D

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(Selection of)

WbLS production & development [M. Yeh, L. Bignell] Material compatibility, stability [M. Yeh] Purification [M. Yeh] Isotope loading [M. Yeh,

  • T. Wongjirad]

0.3% 0.5% 1% 3% 5%

PMT development [A. Cabrera, Y. Hotta] Containment Technology [F. Calaprice,

  • F. Suekane]
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Signal separation

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3 MeV β, 5% WbLS, 50kt, 90%

Ben Land, Berkeley

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SLIDE 32

Ring Imaging

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1 GeV β, 5% WbLS, 50kt, 90% 1% γs 100% γs

Ben Land, Berkeley

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Site Scale Target Measurements Timescale

UChicago bench top H2O fast photodetectors Exists CHIPS 10 kton electronics, readout, mechanical infrastructure 2019 EGADS 200 ton H2O+Gd isotope loading, fast photodetectors Exists ANNIE 30 ton 2016 WATCHMAN 1 kton 2020 UCLA/MIT 1 ton LS fast photodetectors 2016 Penn 30 L (Wb)LS light yield, timing, loading Exists SNO+ 780 ton 2016 LBNL (CheSS) bench top WbLS signal separation, tracking, reconstruction / light yield, loading, attenuation 2016 BNL 1 ton 2016

Planned Demonstrations

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THEIA

CHIPS WATCHMAN EGADS

Gd loading and purification Water-based liquid scintillator Te loading Neutron yield, LAPPD deployment Infrastructure, underwater integration WbLS, Gd, LAPPD, HQE PMT, full integration prototype

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Brookhaven National Laboratory Brunel University University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis University of California, Irvine University of Chicago Columbia University University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Hamburg Hawaii Pacific University Iowa State University Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory University of Maryland MIT University of Pennsylvania Princeton University RWTH Aachen University Sandia National Laboratories TUM, Physik-Department Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & State University University of Washington

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New participation welcome

contact G. D. Orebi Gann, B. Svoboda, E. Blucher, J. R. Klein

Concept paper - arXiv:1409.5864

THEIA Interest Group

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  • Potentially revolutionary

technology

  • Opportunity to combine

conventional neutrino physics with rare-event searches in a single detector

  • Unique flexibility to

adapt to new directions in the scientific program as the field evolves

  • Powerful instrument of

discovery

THEIA

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SLIDE 37

Back up

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