SLIDE 1
Risks and Responses to Urban Futures:
integrating peri-urban/urban synergies into urban development planning for enhanced ecosystem service benefits
Fiona Marshall, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Linda Waldman, Jörn Scharlemann
SLIDE 2 ‘Sustainable’ urbanisation
- This project considers aspects of the downsides of rapid economic
growth & unchartered development trajectories – whilst seeking solutions based on innovations at multiple scales.
- ‘Sustainable’ urbanisation & resilient city agendas/goals are now
prevalent - but implementation is neither straightforward or necessarily positive for enhanced environmental integrity and social justice.
- Many contributory factors: pace of change; lack of understanding of
local dynamics and the interacting biophysical and social processes involved; lack of effective participation; unequal power relations & the politics of knowledge; fragmented policy development…
SLIDE 3 The neglected, and expanding, peri-urban interface is crucial to sustainable urbanisation -
– Administrative ambiguity and Informality – Contestation over land use – Increasing environmental degradation – Increasing social exclusion & access deficit – Local innovation
- Hidden challenges and opportunities for sustainable urban
development in recognising urban/peri-urban synergies
,
SLIDE 4 Peri urban Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits
Rural Urban Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
SLIDE 5 Objectives
- To improve understanding/provide evidence of the impacts of
urbanisation, on peri-urban ES, and the associated implications for multiple dimensions of poverty.
- To investigate the costs and benefits of current policy approaches
and initiatives for food security and environmental management, in terms of their impact on ES, and associated impacts for specific actors, particularly the poor – and explore alternatives
- To develop research methodologies and pathways for impact that
promote the assessment of ES and associated dimensions of poverty as an integral component of the planning and management
- f industrial and urban development.
SLIDE 6
Mapping and spatio-temporal modelling
Yamuna bank Kareha
Location of case study sites
SLIDE 7
Yamuna bank site
SLIDE 8 Kareha Village site
,
SLIDE 9 Research questions
- RQ1 What is the role of multiple ES in relation to the livelihoods
- f communities in peri-urban landscapes?
- RQ2 What pressures are acting on ES in peri-urban landscapes
& what are the implications for livelihood strategies and multiple dimensions of poverty for peri-urban communities?
- RQ3 What are the implications of current urban development
initiatives aimed at enhancing urban food security and environmental quality in terms of peri-urban ES and the benefits derived from them?
- RQ4 What possibilities exist for safeguarding peri-urban ES and
the livelihoods that depend upon them and how might they be incorporated into the planning and management of industrial and urban development?
SLIDE 10 Methodologies
- Participatory/qualitative research: interpretive, interactive
and group deliberative, reflexive and positive
- Quantitative biophysical empirical research
- Spatial analysis
- Policy engagement and influence
SLIDE 11 The team
- Jawarhalal Nehru University JNU. Three interdisciplinary
centres for Delhi case study – Centre for social medicine and community health/Centre for Studies in Regional Development/Centre for Studies in Science Policy (geography, economics, medicine, sociology, anthropology..)
- University of Sussex. Science & Technology Policy Studies
and Ecology and Conservation
- Institute of Development Studies. Interdisciplinary
Knowledge Technology and Society team – multiple dimensions of poverty and health
- Banaras Hindu University. Botany, Environmental &
agricultural Sciences
- Toxicslink. Policy Advocacy and engagement
- IWMI. India and Nepal hubs. Regional mapping, networking
and policy engagement
SLIDE 12 Peri urban Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits
Rural Urban Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Work strand 1 MAPPING Enhanced understanding
ecosystem service/poverty interactions
SLIDE 13 Peri urban Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits
Rural Urban Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Top-down mapping and spatial analysis
Broad range of ESS and multiple dimensions of poverty but Emphasis on food systems & health
Bottom-up participatory mapping
SLIDE 14 Peri urban Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits
Rural Urban Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Work strand 2: Interventions for enhanced rural-urban synergies
SLIDE 15 Peri urban Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits
Rural Urban Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Work strand 2: urban-rural synergies Empirical biophysical studies of ESS degradation & flows of ‘risk’ and opportunity for food systems Identification of specific local community based interventions for enhanced urban rural synergies in Delhi NCR Understanding the impacts of current major policy initiatives in terms of ESPA ‘re-casting’ these policy initiatives with ESS/poverty concerns central
SLIDE 16 Periurban Rural Urban Ecosystem Governance & policy processes
COMBINED WORK STRANDS, REGIONAL STAKEHOLDER GROUP AND POLICY ADVOCACY – WILL PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF:
- Impacts of urbanisation, on peri-urban ecosystem services and multiple
dimensions of poverty.
- Implications of current development trajectories - biophysical and social
processes, the role of governance capacity, knowledge and power in determining
- utcomes,
- Alternative pathways which preserve ESS and in turn lift people out of poverty
- Development of research methodologies and pathways for impact that promote
the assessment of ES and associated dimensions of poverty as an integral component of urban planning and management.
SLIDE 17
Outputs will include
Maps documenting: ES flows and degradation of ES linking with multiple dimensions of poverty Methods for assessing ES-PA interactions in the context of urban development policies Documented knowledge of how poor people use ES, the values attached to ES by diverse stakeholders and implications and trade-offs involved for multiple dimensions of poverty. Documented knowledge of policy drivers & weaknesses and strengths in policy approaches which impact on peri-urban ES
SLIDE 18 Peri urban Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits
Rural Urban Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Top-down mapping and spatial analysis
modelling
- Statistical analysis
- Biophysical data
- Participatory
Mapping
interviews
Bottom-up participatory mapping
SLIDE 19
Participatory exercises to understand ES– poverty alleviation interactions
Aim to shift away from economic definitions of poverty and access-based understandings of natural resources Focus on the meaning of poverty and categorisations applied by peri-urban residents themselves. Identify how people recognise, access, use and value ES and how these ES are interrelated with multiple dimensions of poverty Explore a wide range of ES in relation to different dimensions of poverty, different categories of people and diverse peri-urban social groupings This will augment official poverty indicators and seek to reveal interconnections between poverty and ES
SLIDE 20 Participatory exercises to understand ES– poverty alleviation interactions
- We conceptualise Health broadly as a component of
human wellbeing, which expands beyond biomedical categories and which is a key characteristic of poverty
- We focus on people’s collective perceptions of
health rather than test for medical evidence
- Our purpose is to recognise that health is not a
biological given, but rather health is informed by social, economic and political decisions and processes
- We aim to make the connections between ES and
poor health publically acknowledged, to relate health to political processes
SLIDE 21
Methodology and Approach
ES class ES Beneficiaries Indicator/metric Provisioning Food Local/regional Area & yields Water quality/quantity Local/regional Pollutant quantities, water availability for households & agriculture Fuel Local Fuel wood Fodder Local Area of grazing land Medicines Local Regulating Flood control Local Frequency of flooding, upstream vegetation Disease regulation Local Filtering pollutants/waste Local Pollutant levels Cultural Local spaces Local Religious activities Supporting Soil Local Soil organic matter Mapping and spatio-temporal modelling
SLIDE 22 Mapping and spatio-temporal modelling at 2 Delhi sites
Available data on
poverty, population (e.g. national census)
land use/land cover, elevation, precipitation) Participatory mapping & interviews ES demands, flows, benefits Modelling/mapping ES production Statistical analyses
SLIDE 23 Mapping and spatio-temporal modelling at 2 Delhi sites
Available data on
poverty, population (e.g. national census)
land use/land cover, elevation, precipitation) Participatory mapping & interviews ES demands, flows, benefits Modelling/mapping ES production Statistical analyses Time series analyses
SLIDE 24 Space-for-time substitution
- Changes occur over time scales beyond the duration of this study
- Extrapolate temporal dynamics from observed spatial variation by
studying spatial variation in social processes across a gradient of sites that vary in ecological conditions, or vice versa
SLIDE 25 Location of comparator sites
mapping of ES
developed for Delhi case study sites
SLIDE 26 Qualitative & quantitative pathways
- Can guide decision making, allowing exploration of
- ptions and consequences
- We will explore the use of narratives and
quantitative models of the likely impacts of current (and future) policies on ES and dependent livelihoods and poverty
SLIDE 27 Building an ES group for exchange of knowledge and skills towards delivering impacts
- A group of international and local scientists will form the ES
group and define the ES setting for each of the cities, and steer the research studies linking ES and poverty alleviation.
- Identify new partnerships and form groups in the local settings
that will contribute to the knowledge and skills on ES, awareness
- f political and economic drivers to mobilize change.
- Collate the evidence base (ES mapping and poverty) that is
required to bring in policy change so that ES is included in city action planning and implementation.
- Develop a policy advocacy platform to debate ES concepts
among the decision makers.
SLIDE 28 Building an ES group for exchange of knowledge and skills towards delivering impacts
- Policy scans: identify the gaps in provisioning essential
resources linked to ecosystem services (ES) of the peri- urban and rural continuum.
- Poverty groups: Characterise the poverty groups that
benefit from ES in periurban settings.
- Capacity building among decision makers: Pilot research
studies linked to current city activities in the identified cities, to involve the decision makers.
- Developing templates to document ES and PA linkages
that can be used by other rapidly developing cities.
- Developing methodologies and indicators for monitoring
and evaluation.
SLIDE 29 Project outcomes will include
- Increased knowledge of concepts related to resource
allocation and environmental management based on ES
- Greater awareness among policy makers of the need to
consider peri-urban ES
- Enhanced capacity to assess ES-PA interactions in the context
- f rapid urban development
SLIDE 30
- Our vision is of a world in which diverse peri-urban (and
urban) residents recognise the value of ecosystem services, are able to identify potentially destructive pathways which erode these services and work with other key stakeholders (e.g civil society organisations, policy makers and regulators) to develop constructive pathways that protect ecosystem services and, in so doing, help lift people out of poverty.
- We will develop our theory of change and pathways to
impact during the project launch workshop in March 2014
SLIDE 31
THANK YOU
