Sustainability Myths By Simon Wyatt Setting the Scene One Planet - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sustainability Myths

By Simon Wyatt

Setting the Scene

One Planet Company

We try to practice what we preach

• World’s first consultancy

to be formally endorsed as a One Planet Company by sustainability charity BioRegional

• Applied the 10

One Planet Principles to guide our commitment, actions and services

• Cundall Sustainability

Roadmap available on www.cundall.com

Climate Change not “Sustainability”

Climate change is so yesterday

Media coverage is declining

Politicians have stopped talking about it

But the problem is getting worse

At a faster rate than previously thought

Scientific consensus is overwhelming

But media reports both sides equally

Opinion is not the same as facts

http://chrisriedy.me/public-opinion-on-climate-change-in-australia/

This is what >95% of scientists think Less than 50% think that humans are responsible for climate change

• Everything is okay
• We have a sustainability policy that covers all

that…

• We have already cut CO2 by 20%, 30%, 50% etc…

Industry

20 40 60 80 100 2002 2006 2010 2013 2016

UK Part L2a Emission Target

The facts Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

The IPCC is a scientific body under the auspices of the United Nations Currently 195 countries are members of the IPCC http://www.ipcc.ch/

Increasing CO2 in the atmosphere

261 years 2100 Gt CO2 = average 8Gt per annum Last 41 years 1100 Gt CO2 = average 27Gt per annum And the rate of emissions are still increasing

Total Carbon Budget in the atmosphere

New limit to avoid > 2degrees = 820 Gt CO2 By 2011 we had already emitted 515 Gt CO2 We are currently at about 600 - 650 Gt CO2

Rising Sea Levels

The rate at which the global oceans have risen in the past two decades is more significant than previously recognised, say US-based scientist.

Extreme local weather

Using up the water reserves

Meeting the rising energy demand

OECD/IEA World Energy Outlook 2011

Fossil Fuels

81% in 2000 75% in 2030

Renewables

13% in 2000 18% in 2030

17 12.6

34%

Plant trees?

Realistically? …

A Maple in 25 yrs absorbs 1/3 of a tonne of CO2 A Pine in 25 yrs absorbs 1.7 tonnes

• f CO2

Renewables will be part of the solution

Graphene

• Photovoltaic Panels

– Currently - 17% – In the future - ?

• The problem is time

the new wonder material? Discovered in the University of Manchester

Dec 2014 Lima

• ne small step towards the outline of an agreement

for next year's all-important Paris talks where, if catastrophic global warming is to be averted, a new generation of emissions targets must be agreed

Dec 2015 Paris

December 2015, the world will gather in Paris to secure a legally binding, global climate change agreement with emission reduction commitments from all countries for the first time ever. The fall in the price of oil removes one big incentive for the developed world to invest in renewables and greater energy efficiency.

The fight starts now

Tonnes per capita 2015

US 17 Aus 16.7 China 6.7 HK 5.7 Singapore 4.3 Libya 6.4 Qatar 43.9 UAE 20.1 UK 8.3 Spain 7.1 Poland 8.3 Romania 3.9

Source – The World Bank

Energy = no. of people x expectations consumption efficiency CO2 = energy x type of fuel

Energy & Carbon – buildings & globally

The Challenge

http://calculator.bioregional.com/step01.php

Earth Overshoot Day

It takes 1.6 Earths to support humanity’s demand on nature But we only have one So we’re taking out a loan that someone else will have to repay

Earth Overshoot Day

How many planets would be required if everyone lived like you?

Europeans Australians North Americans

One Planet Living – my footprint

40 year Challenge

What can I do (at home)? What can I do (at work) What can we (Cundall) do?

Water

Do we use too much? Do we have too little? Do we know how much we use?

1 2 3

How much?

• 200 years ago a bath a year
• 30 years ago a bath a week
• 2015 – 2 to 3 showers per day
• What is the correct level of cleanliness

– too much washing = eczema

Cost of Water Directly

• 1. Coming in … £2 per m3
• 2. Going out… £2 per m3
• 3. For surface water drainage… £0.5 per m3

Indirectly

• 1. For flood prevention… £10,000s
• 2. For highway drainage… £100,000s
• 3. For flood damage… £1,000,000s
• 4. For flood insurance… £100s - £1,000s =

£10,000,000s = 0.2p per litre

Consumption is cheap 5 minute shower 50l = 20p Bath 180l = 72p Washing Teeth = 2.5p Washing Machine = 32p

Water Demand Reduction

• High efficient irrigation system
• Dual Flush Cisterns on WC’s
• Flow Restrictors to Taps
• Push Taps
• Low Flow Taps
• Sensor Taps
• Water Meters
• Low Flow Showers
• Water Leak Detection
• Sanitary Supply Shut-Off Valves
• Waterless Urinals

Showers

8l per min 40l per min 12l per min

Whole carbon footprint of buildings

The whole carbon footprint of an office

67% 9% 24%

Operating Embodied Transport

Operating: 150kgCO2e/m2/year Embodied (initial): 700kgCO2e/m2 Embodied (in-use): 550kgCO2e/m2 Commuting: 800kgCO2e/person/year 60 year period No energy supply decarbonisation included

Typical city air con office

Source: What Colour Is Your Building, David Clark, RIBA Publishing 2013

14% 15% 71%

Operating: 20kgCO2e/m2/year Embodied (initial): 700kgCO2e/m2 Embodied (in-use): 550kgCO2e/m2 Commuting: 1500kgCO2e/person/year 60 year period No energy supply decarbonisation included

Nearly zero energy office - rural

Source: What Colour Is Your Building, David Clark, RIBA Publishing 201300

Operating Embodied Transport

We need to reduce the whole footprint

Change behaviour…

Change Behaviour…

Visualise the Alternative

Running cars on biofuels

Source: David MacKay, Without Hot Air

Cundall’s Steps to Low Carbon

Design Criteria Passive Design Internal Loads Energy Efficiency Heat Recovery On-site renewables Off- site

Comfort criteria, lighting levels, fresh air quantity, operating hours Form: daylight & natural ventilation Fabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass Lighting & Equipment (W/m2) Controls – turn off Heating, cooling & ventilation systems Control strategy Air to air, waste heat from chillers Shower water, Aquifer Thermal Storage biomass, geothermal, solar, PV, wind Green power Invest in off-site renewables? Reducing energy consumption Renewables

Best Orientation?

North South Orientation- Effective External Shading East West Orientation- Difficult to Shade

Orientation- Natural Ventilation

8am 10am 2pm 4pm

e.g. 40 hrs per above 28oC

Heating Climate Reduce heat loss

• U-value- Up or down?

Part L Uwindows = 1.4 Uwalls = 0.18 Uroof = 0.13 Air leakage= 5m3/hr m2 PassivHaus Uwindows = 0.8 Uwalls = 0.1 Uroof = 0.1 Air leakage= 0.6m3/hr m2

Better U-Values?

Old way: Daylight Factors Looking at daylighting in a new light New Way: Climate Based Daylight Modelling An hourly calculation considering the sun and cloud Sets minimum and maximum

Daylight - Key Features

• Light from two sides
• Light redirection

• Higher Ceilings
• Windows up to soffit

Daylight - Key Features

Plants not Plant

GCSE Science

Photosynthesis Microbes in soil

Break down VOC into CO2 and H2O

Innovation- Plants and Air Quality

Results on Ventilation

5.8%

• 10% less ventilation air
• 30% reduction in fan energy

Results on VOCs

• Removal is by microbes in the roots
• Potted plants have poor exposure of the soil.

Living Wall Biofilter

External Air PM10 PM 2.5 VOC & CO2

180m2 of Living Wall for South Building The biowall can supply 100l/m2/sec? Equates to air for 10 people

Hydroponic Wall

• Improved Air Quality
• Added Biodiversity
• Passive Free Cooling

Cundall’s Living Walls

Biophilia - Feel Good Factor

What is the impact

• n productivity?

My Desk

Using renewables correctly and not for green spin

PV on city office building

10 storeys, 10,000m2 105kgCO2e/m2 of GIA 466m2 of PV panels No overshadowing How much carbon does this save? 4.5kgCO2e/m2 of GIA 4% of carbon

Zero carbon office?

15,000m2 of PV panels = 105kgCO2e/m2 1.5m2 of panel per 1m2 of floor

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Natural gas Diesel / petrol Biofuel Recycled cooking oil

kgCO2e / kWh

Not all biofuels are low carbon

Source: “Carbon and Sustainability Reporting Within the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation: Technical Guidance Part Two

• Carbon Reporting – Default Values and Fuel Chains” version 2.1 published in July 2010 by UK Renewable Fuel Agency.

Average biodiesel factor from DEFRA = 0.12

Biofuel in buildings v vehicles

10 litres of recycled cooking oil CHP Truck

23kgCO2e CO2e saving 27kgCO2e 45% Extra fuel cost 0% Lots Capital cost Zero

Biofuel works better in transport Why waste it in buildings?

CHP in building connected to grid electricity and natural gas CHP efficiency Heat to power output ratio = 1.5 Efficiency = 75% No heat rejected Emission factors (kgCO2e/kWh) Recycled oil = 0.06 Diesel = 0.32 Grid electricity = 0.6 Natural gas = 0.2 Fuel Costs Biofuel & diesel = 70 p/litre (1 litre of fuel = 10 kWh)` Grid electricity = 10 p/kWh Nat gas =3.5 p/kWh

Barriers to change

Is energy too cheap to drive change?

“Between 2001 and 2011 not one prospective tenant enquired about the energy performance of a building before signing a lease, and only a handful asked about energy after the lease was signed.”

Head of lettings, de-brief pending his retirement from a major quoted property company (>1 million m2)

Biggest cost is people

Source: What Colour Is Your Building, David Clark, RIBA Publishing 2013

£0 £1,000 £2,000 £3,000 £4,000 £5,000 £6,000

Employee Costs Rent Rates Service Charge Energy Consumption Utilities / Standing Charges

Annual cost per m2 of NLA Assumptions Average salary = £43,000 Employment cost (training, etc) = 30% Occupancy Density = 1 per 10m2 of NLA 7% 0.6% 2% 1% 89% < 0.5%

Which is the lowest carbon operationally?

A rated EPC Alnwick BREEAM Excellent London D rated DEC Manchester Don’t know – different benchmarks

EPC v actual consumption

EPC Ratings Actual energy consumption

No correlation between EPC (design) and measured energy consumption (reality)

Source: A Tale of Two Buildings, JLL / BBP, 2012

An ‘A’ rated DEC? Benchmarking needs to include occupancy

Part L efficiency not consumption The Performance Gap?

10 20 30 40 50 60 BER TER Real CO2 Emissions (kgCO2/m2) DHW Lighting Auxiliary Cooling Heating

Target Part L Real

19.8% 17% 4.2% 10.6% 5 10 15 20 25 TAS IES IES SBEM ISBEM

TAS IES IES SBEM ISBEM

Good U Values

Compliance Criteria 1 – CO2 Target

Approved Software comparison

– Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) - no worse than E – BREEAM – SKA – CEEQUAL – Planning – Lifecycle Carbon – RIBA Sustainability Awards!

Calculations used for

Whole carbon footprint

Initial embodied carbon > 50% is in structure Concrete (cement) is biggest component

Embodied v operating carbon (UK office)

81% Refurb / Cat A fitout every 15 years, excludes Cat B fitout 77%

To Bee or not to bee

Effective Land Use

Organic farming uses 20-25% more land for the same

• utput as Conventional methods with no proven health
• benefits. Could that land be better used?

Effective Land Use

Effective Land Use

But trees are not just about carbon

Local and Sustainable Food

27% attributed to food

Carbon Footprint

Cheese v Chicken?

Food Carbon Comparison

Cows farting causes global warming? No. It’s their belching

Low carbon Hoofprint Innovation is required in agriculture. 30% reduction in carbon emission as a result of modified feed.

Food seasonality and low carbon diet thoughts

SEASON OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES F R U I T WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN Dec. Jan. Feb. March Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Apples Apples (Bramley) Apples (cox) Rhubarb Blackcurrants Cherries Damson Pears Plums Quince Strawberries Raspberries Blackberries

Food seasonality and low carbon diet thoughts

SEASON OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES V E G E T A B L E S WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN Dec. Jan. Feb. March Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Cabbage Asparagus Beetroot Brussels Sprouts Broccoli Carrots Cauliflower Celery Celeriac Leeks Marrow Potatoes (Maincrop) Lettuce Parsnip Peas Runner Beans Swede Sweetcorn

Summary

One Planet Living

What can I do? What can we do? We need to reengaged the industry We need a sense of urgency

Plant a seed

Micro Urban Wind Turbines

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