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Sur les fusions dtoiles neutrons Lavnement de lastrophysique multjmessager Eric Chassande-Mottjn AstroPartjcule et Cosmologie (APC) CNRS Univ Paris Diderot Credits : NASA Goddard Plan de la prsentatjon Un peu de contexte


  1. Sur les fusions d’étoiles à neutrons L’avènement de l’astrophysique multjmessager Eric Chassande-Mottjn AstroPartjcule et Cosmologie (APC) CNRS Univ Paris Diderot Credits : NASA Goddard

  2. Plan de la présentatjon ● Un peu de contexte ● Le signal gravitatjonnel GW170817 ● GW170817 et l’astronomie multj-messager ● Implicatjons en physique, en astrophysique et en cosmologie ● Perspectjves 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 2

  3. LIGO Handford H1 LIGO Livingston L1 Virgo V1 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 LIGO only LIGO & Virgo Virgo O1 O2 O3 4 months 6 months 1 yr from Apr 2019 ~50 days ~ 100 days coincident coincident

  4. LIGO Handford H1 LIGO Livingston L1 Virgo V1 ~3000 km ~10000 km BNS range (10 light-ms) (30 light-ms) H1: 60 Mpc Sensitjvitjes during O2 (2017) L1: 80 Mpc V1: 25 Mpc Quasi-omnidirectjonal (no pointjng) 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 4

  5. Compact binary merger ringdown inspiral merger Characteristj tjc waveform signature The signal is described by 15 parameters component masses and spins tjme and geometry: space locatjon and orientatjon Chirp mass In-band duratjon 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 5

  6. 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 6

  7. Catalog GWTC#1 Confjdent detectjons: 10 binary black hole mergers include Virgo populatjon of objects hidden to conventjonal astronomy populatjon of objects hidden to conventjonal astronomy populatjon of objects hidden to conventjonal astronomy arXiv:1811.12907, htups:/ /www.gw-openscience.org/catalogs/ 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 7

  8. Plan de la présentatjon ● Un peu de contexte ● Le signal gravitatj tjonnel GW170817 ● GW170817 et l’astronomie multj-messager ● Implicatjons en physique, en astrophysique et en cosmologie ● Perspectjves 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 8

  9. Aug 17, 2017 chirp mass GW170817 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 9

  10. A lot of physics in one signal post- merger matuer/tjdal efgects inspiral 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 10

  11. From signal phase, chirp mass estjmate Phase matching: measurement accuracy scales with 1/N cycles inspiral N cycles ≈ 3000 detector-frame chirp mass From signal amplitude, distance/inclinatjon (degenerate) Can be converted to source frame by assuming a ref. cosmology (Planck) 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 11

  12. From signal phase, chirp mass estjmate Phase matching: measurement accuracy scales with 1/N cycles inspiral N cycles ≈ 3000 detector-frame chirp mass From signal amplitude, distance/inclinatjon (degenerate) Can be converted to source frame by assuming a ref. cosmology (Planck) 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 12

  13. Tidal deformatjon by the gravity gradient due to tjdal companion Efgect observable in the fjnal tens of GW cycles before merger f GW > 400 Hz – Keplerian orbital radius ~ 60 km is comparable to NS radius excluded post- merger small star tjdal efgects Selectjon of EoS from J. S. Read et al Cf Jerôme Margeron, Jogly 1 Phys. Rev. D79, 124032 (2009) and refs therein Figure from arXiv:1603.01286 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 13 large star

  14. post- merger What is the remnant? prompt collapse to a black hole QNM at 6 kHz hypermassive NS [preferred] livetjme ~ 1 s f-mode, 2-4 kHz supramassive NS livetjme ~ 10−10 4 s stable NS magnetar, bar mode or r-mode instability No evidence for a post-merger signal Not enough sensitjvity at f > 2 kHz to conclude 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 14

  15. Plan de la présentatjon ● Un peu de contexte ● Le signal gravitatjonnel GW170817 ● GW170817 et l’astronomie multj tj-messager ● Implicatjons en physique, en astrophysique et en cosmologie ● Perspectjves 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 15

  16. LIGO-Virgo LIGO only (190 deg 2 ) LIGO-Virgo sky localizatjon rapid (31 deg 2 ) fjnal (28 deg 2 ) 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 17

  17. 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 18

  18. GW170817 follow-up fjrst month only 213 GCN Circulars Peak 50/day 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 19

  19. Three tjme scales: seconds T0+1.7 s : gamma-ray burst Short duratjon, ~ 2 sec E iso ~ 1.2 x 10 46 erg (assuming D L = 40 Mpc) Atypical GRB: several orders of mag less energetjc, sofuer spectrum 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 20

  20. Three tjme scales: hours/day T0+~1 d : UV, optjcal and IR Host galaxy identjfjcatjon NGC4933 “Kilonova”: radioactjve-decay (r-process) powered emission from the merger ejecta 647 fmux measurements from 18 papers and 46 instruments V. Ashley Villar et al, arXiv:1710.11576 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 21

  21. HST/WFC3-IR F110W t c +4.79d 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 22 Tanvir et al, ApJL 848:L27 2017

  22. MUSE A Levan, arXiv:1710.05444 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 23

  23. Three tjme scales: weeks/months X-ray T0+9 d, radio T0+16 d Peak in X-ray & radio (100 μJy) at T0+~150 d and optjcal (m=26.5) at T0+110 d 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 24 Ghirlanda et al. ArXiv:1808.00469

  24. Credits: F Daigne 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 25

  25. Credits: F Daigne 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 26

  26. Jet seen ofg-axis Quasi spherical outglow Jet with lateral structure 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 27

  27. Late tjme radio VLBI observatjons ● Mooley et al & Ghirlanda et al ~2.4 mas T0+ ~200 days ● Very-long based interf [10 000 km] > 32 radiotelescopes [worldwide] ● Moving collimated jet observed T0+230 d T0+75 d ● midly relatjvistjc jet Γ ~ 4, θ jet ~ 4º ● viewing angle θ obs ~ 20º Mooley et al, ArXiv:1806.09693 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 28 Ghirlanda et al. ArXiv:1808.00469

  28. Jet seen ofg-axis Quasi spherical outglow Jet with lateral structure 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 29

  29. Plan de la présentatjon ● Un peu de contexte ● Le signal gravitatjonnel GW170817 ● GW170817 et l’astronomie multj-messager ● Implicatj tjons en physique, en astrophysique et en cosmologie ● Perspectjves 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 30

  30. Implicatjons (1): nucleosynthesis 647 fmux measurements from 18 papers and 46 instruments 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 31 V. Ashley Villar et al, arXiv:1710.11576

  31. Implicatjons (2): modifjed gravity Coincidence with GRB170817A within 1.7 s ● Very stringent constraints on the speed of gravity |c/c g – 1| < 5 x 10 -16 ● Incompatjble with a large set of alt. gravity scalar-tensor theories ● brought forward to explain dark energy h h tu tu p p s s : : / / / / a a r r x x i i v v . . o o r r g g / / a a b b s s / / 1 1 7 7 1 1 0 0 . . 0 0 5 5 8 9 7 0 7 1 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 32

  32. Implicatjons (3): extra-dimensions gravitatjonal leakage vs num of space-tjme dimensions ● Test extra-dimensional theories of gravity Compare the luminosity distance extracted from the GW – signal to the EM-measured distance of NGC4933 arXiv:1801.08160 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 33

  33. Implicatjons (4): Cosmology Hubble Lemaître law from host galaxy identjf. from GW signal amplitude [no “cosmological ladder”!] 1929, distances from Cepheids variables 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 34

  34. Plan de la présentatjon ● Un peu de contexte ● Le signal gravitatjonnel GW170817 ● GW170817 et l’astronomie multj-messager ● Implicatjons en physique, en astrophysique et en cosmologie ● Perspectj tjves 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 35

  35. GW astronomy today ● Advanced LIGO and Virgo observing ● Stable operatjon (~70 %) since April 1 st 2019 ● Improved sensitjvies wrt O2: Virgo x ~2, LIGO HL + 65 % ● Public alerts within minutes ● 36 GW alerts – 7 retractjons ● 21 events classifjed as BBH, 4 as BNS and 2 events as NS-BH ● Now commissioning break for a month ● No electromagnetjc counterpart detected so far 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 36

  36. Binary black hole (21) O3a summary ~ 1 alert/week Binary neutron star (6) Neutron star-black hole (4) Alert retracted “Mass gap” – 3 to 5 M sun (2) htups:/ /arxiv.org/abs/1304.0670

  37. GW astronomy in 2025 ● Five large-scale detectors in operatjon ● Best BNS range ~ 300 Mpc – Horizon z ~ 0.15 A+ A+ ● ~3 x current sensitjvity adV+ rough extrapolatjon from 03 → ~4 events/day (!) ● O(100) BBH and O(10) BNS per year Kagra+ [rates will be revised afuer O3] ● How many with an observed electromagnetjc counterpart? 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 38

  38. gw-openscience.org “Only days afuer they announced the fjrst observatjon of gravitatjonal waves, the LIGO and Virgo collaboratjons made public their data.” Whole science-run data and GW event catalogs ● 80+ papers using open data ✔ Documentatjon, usage recommendatjons ● Online training: video tutorials and Jupyter notebooks ● 17 oct 2019 Journées OG Lyon 39

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