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Super Efficient Dryers Field and Lab Test Results Christopher - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Emerging Technologies Super Efficient Dryers Field and Lab Test Results Christopher Dymond Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance Emerging Technologies Showcase September 7, 2017 1 GoToWebinar Logistics Minimize or maximize control panel

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Emerging Technologies

1

Super Efficient Dryers

Field and Lab Test Results

Christopher Dymond

Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance Emerging Technologies Showcase

September 7, 2017

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Emerging Technologies

2

GoToWebinar Logistics

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questions at any time, or if you have any technical issues NOTE: Today’s presentation is being recorded and will be available at http://e3tnw.org/Webinars

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BPA ET Showcase #60 - September 2017

Super Efficient Dryers

Field and Lab Test Results

Christopher Dymond

Senior Product Manager

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Outline

− Background − Lab Testing

  • New Performance Metric
  • Remaining Moisture
  • Clothing Wear

− Field Testing − Results

  • Savings
  • Qualified Products
  • Incremental Cost
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Acknowledgments

− NEEA Funders − Pacific Gas & Electric − Ecova − Ecos Research − Underwriters Laboratory − Texas State University

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Super Efficient Clothes Dryers are they ready for market adoption?

Performance Metric & Accurate Savings Lab Testing and Baseline Field Testing Completed Qualified Products List Established Products are Available Good Consumer Response Incremental Measure Cost Established

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How much energy do dryers really use? Initial Investigation

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Dryers use LOTS of Energy

Refrigerator Dishwasher Clothes Washer Clothes Dryer

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Tier 3 Tier 4 Tier 5 Tier 6

Dryer Market Transformation

2013 ~400 kWh/yr $250

Efficiency Push

$550 ~100 kWh/yr 5-8 yrs

ENERGY STAR ETA

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Lab and Field Testing Conducted

− Lab Testing

  • 2012

Imported European Dryers

  • 2013-4 Revised lab test metric ---
  • 2014

Baseline testing – 11 conventional, 1 ENERGYSTAR

  • 2014-16 Lab testing of SEDs
  • 2016

Washer RMC testing

− Field Testing of SEDs

  • 2012

Field testing of conventional dryers (50 households)

  • 2014

Field testing of Whirlpool 1st Gen Hybrid

  • 2015

Field testing of Blomberg 5th Gen Heat Pump Dryer

  • 2016

Field testing of LG 1st Gen Hybrid

− Non-Energy Benefits Study

  • 2015

Clothing Wear Investigation

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Efficient Dryer Types

Conventional ENERGYSTAR Hybrid Heat Pump Heat Pump

  • Add Dehumidifier

Remove Heater Most are Ventless

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What is a HP Dryer?

A heat pump dryer uses a dehumidifier to dry clothes. The heat pump removes the moisture and returns the warm dry air into the dryer drum. It operates at a lower temperature and uses about half the energy of a conventional heater based clothes dryer.

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2012 NEEA Laundry Field Study

− Laundry Supplemental Study

  • Report available from NEEA
  • 50 sites – 1 month
  • Statistically significant sample
  • 2005 and newer models
  • 3 weight measurements
  • kWh monitoring of both washer and dryer
  • Participants paid to provide

load and setting details

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Lots of variability

NEEA 50 home field study Average annual weight of clothing dried = 2342 lbs

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How do we accurately measure performance? Test Procedure and Performance Metric Development

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DOE D1 Test Procedure

is not a good performance predictor

Best Dryer Worst Dryer

lbs/kWh lbs/kWh

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User Conditions ≠ Test Conditions

100% 36.3% 51.1% 12.6%

fast small large eco

Federal Test Procedure evaluates performance under conditions seldom used

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Dryer Supplemental Test Procedure

Supplemental Test Load - Land’s End catalogue DOE Test Cloth Combination of 5 tests – 4 with real clothing

Common Test Name Load Type Cycle Setting Cycle Temp Nominal Weight (lbs)

Incremental Moisture Content Remaining Moisture Content DOE Test (D2) DOE Test Cloths Default High 8.45 57.5% 2% Small Supplemental Test Load Normal Medium 4.2 62% 4% Large Supplemental Test Load Normal Medium 16.8 62% 4% Eco Supplemental Test Load Mfr Defined Mfr Defined 8.4 62% 4% Fastest Supplemental Test Load Heavy Duty High 8.4 62% 4%

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Performance by Test Type

Real clothing Load Size Impact 8.45lbs 4.22lbs 16.9lbs 8.45lbs 8.45lbs

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Cycle Settings Have Big Impact on Hybrids

2

“CONDOR” “HORNET”

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 POWER [W] TIME [MIN]

Run 420 Medium Realistic Load

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 POWER [W] TIME [MIN]

Run 423 Medium Realistic Load Normal Eco

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 POWER [W] TIME [MIN]

Run 421 Medium Realistic Load Delicates Eco, More Dry

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 POWER [W] TIME [MIN]

Run 422 Medium Realistic Load Normal Eco

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 POWER [W] TIME [MIN]

Run 424 Medium Realistic Load Low Temp + Normal Eco

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 POWER [W] TIME [MIN]

Run 425 Medium Realistic Load Normal Eco, More Dry

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Cycle Settings

Eco vs. Balanced vs. Speed

Speed was 5 minutes faster BUT used 33% more energy 109% 133%

Time (minutes)

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Washer Testing with Real Clothes

REAL CLOTHES DOE TEST CLOTHS Real Clothes DOE J2 Tests Real Clothes RMC Δ Front 53.1 40.8 12.3 Top 68.3 54.9 13.4 Top-Front 15.1 14.1 Small 62.8 48.3 14.5 Med/Large 55.3 43.6 11.7

Real Clothes came out of washer 13.2% +/- 3.9% more wet than D2 Cloths Small loads of real clothing don’t spin dry as well as medium or large loads

13 washers tested (9 front load, 4 top load)

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Utility Combined Energy Factor

(UCEF – measured in lbs/kWh)

UCEF = W0 x CEF0 + W1 x CEF1 + W2 x CEF2 + W3 x CEF3 + W4 x CEF4

Where: CEF0 = DOE D2 Test CEF1 = Real Clothing Test 1 (Small Load, Normal Cycle) CEF2 = Real Clothing Test 2 (Large Load, Normal Cycle) CEF3 = Real Clothing Test 3 (Medium Load, Eco Cycle) CEF4 = Real Clothing Test 4 (Medium Load, “Fastest” Cycle)

Weighting Factors (W values) determined by field testing Our initial assumption was they were all equal to 20% . . . They weren’t

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Are Heat Pump Dryers really gentler to your clothing? The Search for Non-Energy Benefits

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Clothing Wear Study

a search for non-energy benefits

− Research Team

  • Ecos Research
  • Underwriters Laboratory
  • Texas State University – Textile Scientist
  • Funding and technical direction by NEEA and PG&E

− Study Details

  • Clothing set of mixed fabric types
  • 5 Clothing wear tests of 25 dryer cycles
  • Pre, during and post condition evaluation
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Testing Conducted

− Load & lint weight—every 5 cycles − Photography—every 5 cycles − Spectrophotography—beginning and end − Microphotography—after 25 cycles − Fiber strength (per ASTM D5034) —after 25 cycles − Consumer evaluation—after 25 cycles

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Testing

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Key Findings

− No significant clothing wear differences − Longer drying times does not increase damage − Consumers preferred hybrid dryer − Most laundry damage occurs when fibers are wet* (mostly in the washer) − Once clothing is dry, very little damage occurs

* Mostly during wash cycle - Literature review supported

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Will People like them? + How do lab results compare to real world results? Field Studies of Super-Efficient Dryers (SEDs)

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NEEA Dryer Field Studies

− Whirlpool – WED99HED Q1 2015

  • 10 Homes in Portland metro
  • Hybrid, Ventless

− Blomberg – DHP24412 Q3 2015

  • 10 Apartments in Renton WA
  • Heat Pump, Ventless

− LG – DLHX4072 Q3 2016

  • 10 Homes in Boise metro
  • Hybrid, Vented

Reminder: These studies are small samples, results are indicative, but not statistically significant

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Field Testing of SEDs

  • 1. Customer experience and satisfaction
  • 2. Real world performance
  • 3. Data for Federal Standards

SEDI Field Study Protocol

1. Washer and dryer energy use 2. Participant records

  • Load weight
  • cycle setting
  • experience notes

3. 10+ cycles of pre-existing machine 4. 20+ cycles of new machines 5. Customer experience survey

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Customer Satisfaction of SEDs

Total Sample size is only 28 Participants

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Dryer Performance

Low savings High savings

Blomberg is Only Pure Heat Pump

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Washer + Dryer Energy Use

Whirlpool data from winter in Portland LG data from summer in Boise

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Savings are Good

(Compared to Pre-Existing Machines)

These savings do not include HVAC savings for ventless dryers

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11-32 minutes of Extra Drying Time

Heat Pump Ventless

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Room Temp and Relative Humidity

− Minimal impact on most laundry rooms

  • 5-10 degrees warmer

− Ventless dryers should not be placed in small enclosed spaces − Ventless dryers offset about space heating needs*

  • Hybrid dryers ~ 45 kWh/yr
  • Heat pump dryers ~ 30 kWh/yr

* Model based on Pacific NW heating and house size mix

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Room Temp and RH

Vented Conventional Ventless Hybrid 60 minutes 60 minutes

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What are the products that generate real savings? Calibration, Estimated Savings, and Incremental Cost

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Weighting Factors

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Product Specification and Tiers

UCEF is measured in lbs of clothing dried per kWh

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2017 SED Qualified Products List

Tier 6 Tier 3

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Incremental Cost

ENERGY SOLUTIONS April 2017 – Hedonic pricing model This methodology used a web crawl of retail prices for over 800 EnergyStar dryers. Eight statistically significant price influencers were isolated.

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Incremental Cost

− TIER 1* vented

  • $24 to +$38

− TIER 2 vented − TIER 3 ventless − TIER 4+ ventless

Current NW market average is less than $200 for EE feature Most SEDs currently cost $900-$1,500 at retail The current market average incremental price is lower than expected because many of the current models sold are compact machines and ~10% are builder models which have lower incremental costs than full retail incremental costs on large models.

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Are Super-Efficient Dryers Ready? Summary

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Super-Efficient Dryers

− Well establish technology – but new to the USA − Save 20-60% in energy costs ($20-120/year)* − Take 10-30 minutes longer to dry medium load − Slightly gentler to clothing (despite longer time) − Lower fire risk – no flame or hot element − Ventless is good in heating climates, but perhaps not great hot humid climates − Incremental Measure Cost = $100-$400 over equivalent featured conventional dryer

* Depending on your local utility rates, and the model chosen

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Super Efficient Clothes Dryers are Ready for Market Adoption!

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Contact Information

Christopher Dymond

Senior Product Manager Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance cdymond@neea.org

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Emerging Technologies

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Next ET Showcase Webinars

  • Window Attachments

Sept 20

  • Alternative Refrigerants

Sept 28

Join our email list at subscribe-e3tnw@listserv.energy.wsu.edu Webinar information and registration at www.e3tnw.org/webinars

More information about emerging technologies:

  • ET Program: www.bpa.gov/EE/Technology/EE-emerging-technologies/

Thank you for attending!