Summary of the Multi-Messenger Astronomy Workshop Garmt de Vries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Summary of the Multi-Messenger Astronomy Workshop Garmt de Vries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Summary of the Multi-Messenger Astronomy Workshop Garmt de Vries Les Houches, 2002 Multi-Messenger Astronomy - Garmt de Vries - Les Houches 2002 Multi-Messenger Astronomy Workshop Organisers: D. Smith & A. Barrau 2 sessions

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Multi-Messenger Astronomy - Garmt de Vries - Les Houches 2002

Summary

  • f the

Multi-Messenger Astronomy Workshop

Garmt de Vries Les Houches, 2002

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Multi-Messenger Astronomy Workshop

  • Organisers: D. Smith & A. Barrau
  • 2 sessions planned
  • 2 sessions added
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Multi-Messenger Astronomy - Garmt de Vries - Les Houches 2002

To dive into the wonderful world

  • f astrophysical catalogues!

Goal of the workshop:

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  • Imagine a 0.1 km2 detector

with 3 years of data resolution ~ 1o

  • After subtracting the atmospheric background

there is one bin with 7 events: RA = 12h 34’ δ = - 56.78o

  • What can this be?

We play a little game:

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Multi-Messenger Astronomy - Garmt de Vries - Les Houches 2002

Possible explanations

  • Statistical fluctuations
  • Gamma Ray Burst (GRB)
  • SuperNova (SN)
  • Pulsar, SuperNova Remnant (SNR)
  • Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN)
  • SuperSymmetry (SUSY)
  • Microquasar
  • ...............
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How to play the game?

  • Look in catalogues at this place
  • Look for coincidence with VIRGO, HETE, AUGER, ...
  • Look at various models

We split up into subgroups and investigate the various hypotheses ⇒ Which model(s) can be excluded? ⇒ Which model(s) explain(s) the data best?

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Let the game begin!

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Statistical fluctuations

(S. Cartwright et al.) It is known from previous experience that: 30 bins give a background of 3 events/year ⇒ expect ~ 0.3 event/bin in 3 years ⇒ Probability of finding 7 events in this bin: 3.2 10-8 ⇒ Probability of finding 7 events in at least one

  • f the 40,000 bins: 1.3 10-3

⇒ Probably not a statistical fluctuation

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GRB

(S. Ferry et al.) There are 3 GRBs close to RA = 188.5o δ = - 56.78o in the BATSE catalogue:

4B950628 RA = 180o δ = -55.88o Error box radius: l = 295.72o b = 6.27o 4.93o GRB961224 RA = 182.84o δ = -64.64o Error box radius: l = 298.66o b = -2.11o 5.4o GRB971210 RA = 176.91o δ = -51.95o Error box radius: l = 293.04o b = 9.69o 1.11o

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GRB

(continued) Possible actions:

  • Send alert to SN people (GRB ↔ SN?)
  • Try to get timing information
  • Look for γ-rays
  • If both γ and ν observed ⇒ GRB not leptonic
  • If no γ observed ⇒ choked GRB?

(look for afterglow!)

⇒ Multi-messenger interplay is certainly possible

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AGN

(N. Girard et al.) There is no quasar near RA = 188.5o δ = - 56.78o Other types of AGN have not been looked for Anyway, hadronic models predict ~ 100 times fewer ν events

⇒ This hypothesis can be excluded

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Microquasar

(S. Karkar et al.) No microquasar was seen near RA = 188.5o δ = - 56.78o

⇒ This hypothesis can be excluded

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SUSY

(S. Cartwright et al.) One could expect a SUSY signal from:

  • Galactic centre
  • Sun
  • Centre of the earth

None of these are close to RA = 188.5o δ = - 56.78o ⇒ Perhaps a galactic halo clump? One would also expect to see ~ 10 GeV γ-rays

⇒ Further investigation needed

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Diffuse background

(A. Romeyer et al.)

⇒ It seems to be difficult to get a good signal

Yellow area: 4σ detection possible

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Conclusions

Our cluster of 7 events is not due to statistical fluctuations To say more, we need further information: Time Energy Other messengers

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Neutrino Astronomy with MACRO

This paper describes exactly the game we played

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Neutrino Astronomy with MACRO

Search for pointlike sources with clustering algorithm: Look in 1.5o, 3o, 5o around each of the 1100 muon events ⇒ 60 clusters of ≥ 4 events found in 3o cone RA δ # events 222.5o

  • 72.7o

7 188.1o

  • 48.1o

6 342.5o

  • 74.4o

6 Compatible with atmospheric ν background

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Neutrino Astronomy with MACRO

Search among known point sources: Make a list of 42 sources that look interesting Look in 1.5o, 3o, 5o around each of these sources Everything is compatible with atmospheric ν background

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Neutrino Astronomy with MACRO

“We notice that there are six events from GX 339 – 4 in a 3o search cone with chance probability P = 6 × 10-3. Considering that we have looked at 42 sources, the probability of finding such an excess from at least one

  • f these sources is 8.6%.”

Still, this source was interesting enough for our working group to investigate it MACRO observed neutrinos from the direction of microquasar GX 339 – 4:

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Microquasars

(courtesy F. Mirabel)

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GX 339 – 4

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GX 339 – 4

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GX 339 – 4

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Neutrinos from GX 339 – 4

  • 51
  • 50,5
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  • 49,5
  • 49
  • 48,5
  • 48
  • 47,5
  • 47
  • 46,5

250 252 254 256 258 260 262

2000

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GX339-4

5 10 15 20 25 30 50000 50500 51000 51500 52000

Neutrinos from GX 339 – 4

10/10/95 06/07/98 01/04/01 21/02/97 18/11/99

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How surprising is it to see 7 neutrinos from GX339 – 4 during and after its active period? The big question:

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Neutrinos from microquasars

Presentation by D. Guetta: Predictions of neutrino fluxes from microquasars ⇒ GX339 – 4 is one of the most powerful neutrino sources among microquasars: ~ 200 upward going muon events per year in 1 km3 However: This prediction is based on the assumption that GX339 – 4 is

  • persistent. The active state has not been taken into account.
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Neutrinos from microquasars

There is no a priori connection between soft X-ray activity and neutrino emission Correlation between dip in ~ 50 keV photons and neutrino emission could be understood: Source optically thick for these γ ⇒ more γ present that can serve as a target for ν production But the connection is not very clear...

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Statistics

What is the probability of seeing these 7 neutrinos from the direction of GX339 – 4 ? Seeing 7 neutrinos during 7 years Seeing 3 neutrinos during the 450 days active period Seeing 3 neutrinos clustered in a 30 day period during 7 years 3 × 10-3 4 × 10-3 1 × 10-4 ⇒ Chance probability ~ few × 10-3

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Looking at all 42 sources on the MACRO list:

P ≈ 8.6 × 10-2

Looking only at the microquasars on the list:

P ≈ 1 × 10-2

Looking only at GX339 – 4 and SS433, for which a high neutrino flux is predicted:

P ≈ 6 × 10-3 Statistics

We need the probability of finding 7 events from at least one of the sources considered: But how valid is all this?

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AMANDA

Other signals?

Super-K sees nothing GX339 – 4 is above AMANDA’s horizon ANTARES BATSE terrestrial gamma flashes?

??

GX339 – 4 is visible for 19.6 hrs/day

??

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Neutrinos from other microquasars?

A high flux is also predicted for microquasar SS433 (835 events year-1 km3) MACRO sees no neutrinos from this sources

SS433

  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15 50000 50500 51000 51500 52000 52500

No active periods!

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Microquasars emit neutrinos during their active state

Neutrinos from other microquasars?

A very bold assumption: One would have to look at all the microquasars in MACRO’s field of view, and search for a correlation. Two things may happen...

Microquasars emit neutrinos during their active state

☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺

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Further ideas:

  • ....................................
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  • ....................................
  • ....................................
  • ....................................
  • ....................................
  • ....................................
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To be continued...

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XTE J1550-564

  • 100

100 200 300 400 500 600 50000 50500 51000 51500 52000 52500

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LS 5039

  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5 10 50000 50200 50400 50600 50800 51000 51200 51400 51600

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V4641 Sgr

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  • 10

10 20 30 40 50 50000 50500 51000 51500 52000 52500

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XTE J1118+480

  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6 8 10 12 50000 50500 51000 51500 52000 52500

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Cyg X-3

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50000 50200 50400 50600 50800 51000 51200 51400

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Cir X1

50 100 150 200 250 300 50000 50500 51000 51500 52000