Sumer and Babylon Warm Up: Take out your Bibles and have them ready. - - PDF document

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Sumer and Babylon

Warm Up: Take out your Bibles and have them

• ready. Then, read the "Read Aloud" found on

page 108 of your textbook.

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Today's Objectives:

*Explain how cuneiform developed and how it affected Mesopotamia *Analyze how Mesopotamia cultural values shaped local life *Explain how Hammurabi's rise helped

Babylon gain power

*Investigate Babylon's connections with the Bible

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Southern Mesopotamia Sumer

*valued independence

*worked hard to control the Tigris

and Euphrates rivers

*first wheeled vehicles and

sailboats

*simple machines, like pottery

wheels

*new ideas in math and science

Cuneiform

Writing System

*used sharp reeds to scratch records

• n clay tablets

*looked like pictures at first, then morphed into simplified pictures for

faster writing

*500 signs

*represented sounds, as well as ideas

and objects

(started around the same time as Menes was unifying Egypt)

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Checkpoint #1:

How were materials used for cuneiform and hieroglyphics similar and different?

Both used reed pens, but cuneiform was written on wet clay tablets rather than papyrus

Why did cuneiform symbols grow less picture­like as time passed?

Scribes simplified the symbols to write faster

Where was cuneiform writing

developed?

In Sumer, southern Mesopotamia Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer.

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School

in Sumer

*few people could write (even most kings could not) *was an honor to go to school and learn to be a scribe

*boys (only rarely girls) spent years

practicing cuneiform and studying mathematics to keep accurate records

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City­states of

Sumer

(self­governing cities that also govern surrounding

villages)

*find Sumer *find city­states of

Ur ,

Uruk , and Eridu on the

map

*Sumerians built walls around their cities (protection)

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"Gilgamesh"

A Mythical Hero

*part god and part man *strong as an ox

*best fighter *built the city of Uruk What are some mythical heros in our society today?

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Kings in Sumer

*palace could be seen from almost everywhere in city

*kings served as generals,

judges, and canal overseers

*NOT considered gods, like

Egyptian pharaohs

Religion in Sumer

*ziggurats

(temples) in center of cities

*polytheism (belief in many gods)

*each city­state had a special god or goddess; that god or goddess was worshipped at the city's ziggurat

*examples:

Ishtar = goddess of love and war; Enki = god of water

ISHTAR ENKI

ZIGGURAT

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Uniting the City­States

*united under one ruler:

Sargon

(who was king of the city­state Kish )

*expanded empire to northern

end of fertile crescent (present­

day Syria)

*because cuneiform was used

throughout his empire, Sargon could send instructions and govern over great distances According to the Bible,

Sargon and Nimrod may have been the same person:

Genesis 10:8­10 ~ Cush was the father of Nimrod, who became a mighty warrior

• n the earth. He was a mighty hunter

before the Lord; that is why it is said,

“Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord.” The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh,

in Shinar.

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Checkpoint #2:

What beliefs did Sumerians hold about

Gilgamesh?

all­knowing, great builder, part god/man, strongest, best

fighter

Why did Sumerians build walls around their cities?

for protection

Who united the Sumerian city­states?

Where was he from?

Sargon; Kish

Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer.

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The Rise of

Babylon...

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The once great city of

Babylon , where the Jews were

held captive for 70 years, became a symbol of power, materialism, and cruelty.

Read Aloud:

The city of

Babylon was the capital of the

ancient land of Babylonia in southern

• Mesopotamia. It was situated on the

Euphrates River. The tremendous wealth and power of

this city, along with its monumental size

and appearance, were certainly

considered a Biblical myth, that is, until its

foundations were unearthed and its riches substantiated during the 19th century. Archaeologists stood in

awe as

their discoveries revealed that certain stories in the Bible were an actual situation

that had happened in time

.

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Location of Babylon

Genesis 10:10 ~ The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh, in Shinar.

The Tower of Babel

Genesis 11:1­9

~ Now the whole world had one language and a common

• speech. As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled

there.

They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.” But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were

• building. The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they

have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for

• them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not

understand each other.”

So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. That is why it was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world. From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.

PULL PULL

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Babylon's king,

Hammurabi

*dammed key parts of

Euphrates river

~

gave them power to cut off water or or cause terrible floods downstream

*armies weakened the Sumerians *rich and powerful

*power shifted to north Babylon

Hammurabi's Code

Code of Law

*stone pillar ­ inscribed with over 200

laws, written in cuneiform *one of the world's oldest

codes of law

*showed that slavery existed and not everyone was treated equally under law

*copies of pillars all over ­ indicated that

Hammurabi wanted his rules to be followed

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Checkpoint #3:

What new ruler marched through Mesopotamia in about 1800 B.C.?

Hammurabi; king of Babylon

What strategy did he use to weaken the

Sumerians?

dammed the Euphrates; controlled water flow

What is the Code of Hammurabi?

system of laws

Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer.

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The "New" Babylonia

*693 B.C. "Old Babylon" was destroyed by powerful rulers from northern

Mesopotamia ­ a city called Nineveh

*known for beautiful "hanging gardens"

*prisoners from Israel

Jonah 3

Jonah Goes to Nineveh

Then the word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time: “Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim to it the message I give you.” Jonah obeyed the word of the Lord and went to Nineveh. Now Nineveh was a very large city; it took three days to go through it. Jonah began by going a day’s journey into the city, proclaiming, “Forty more days and Nineveh will be overthrown.” The Ninevites believed God. A fast was proclaimed, and all of them, from the greatest to the least, put on sackcloth. When Jonah’s warning reached the king of Nineveh, he rose from his throne, took off his royal robes, covered himself with sackcloth and sat down in the dust. This is the proclamation he issued in Nineveh: “By the decree of the king and his nobles: Do not let people or animals, herds or flocks, taste anything; do not let them eat or

• drink. But let people and animals be covered with sackcloth. Let everyone call

urgently on God. Let them give up their evil ways and their violence. Who knows? God may yet relent and with compassion turn from his fierce anger so that we will not

perish.” When God saw what they did and how they turned from their evil ways, he relented and did not bring on them the destruction he had threatened.

PULL PULL

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Summing it Up:

Why did cuneiform first develop and

how did it grow?

it first developed to keep records; later it developed

enough to express complex ideas

How did cuneiform aid in governing

large areas?

it allowed laws to reach all corners of an empire

What did Hammurabi's rise to power do

for Babylon?

it made it one of the ancient world's most powerful cities

Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer. Slide to reveal answer.