Student Congress A Brief Introduction to Speech Development, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Student Congress A Brief Introduction to Speech Development, Procedures, and Speaking What is Student Congress? Student Congress is a hybrid event that blends the use of public speaking skills used in Forensics competitions, the
A Brief Introduction to Speech Development, Procedures, and Speaking
What is Student Congress?
blends the use of public speaking skills used in Forensics competitions, the argumentation strategies from Debate events, and the ability to master procedural methods used by the United States Congress.
What Does It Take to Succeed?
Congress, the competitor must be able to accomplish the following (1) Speak Clearly and Persuasively (2) Successfully Refute or Support the Arguments of Other Competitors (3) Actively Engage in the Process and Procedures Used to Organize a Session
Developing Student Congress Speeches
On What Topics Do Competitors Speak?
variety of Bills or Resolutions describing a particular course of action to be taken by the model congress.
though the decisions made will become binding parts of American governing policy.
Bill or Resolution, or will speak against this course of action.
Sample Resolution
recreational sports such as hunting, target practice and professional shooting, and,
Americans, and,
in the United States and guns. can help people protect themselves and their families from these criminals, and,
more people to break these7. laws, and,
that families have no means to protect themselves,
assembled, that all legislation promoting gun control laws be abolished.
Sample Bill
government has been largely successful in ending the recession; and
American citizens and state governments; and
recession;
fifty billion dollars to the current stimulus plan to be distributed amongst all fifty states, ensuring increased spending.
Bill vs Resolution
specific plan of action that must be described in detail in the wording of the resolution.
idea for government action without going into detail as to how this action might look.
The A.R.E. Method to Speech Writing
Argument!
Sample Argument
Reasoning!
Sample Reasoning
Gun control laws lead to strict regulation
Often those who seek to purchase a gun are those who would not pass the necessary background checks in order to purchase a gun. As a result, these individuals seek back channel methods to purchase firearms. In turn this helps to support criminal and dangerous groups in our society.
Evidence!
Sample Evidence
According to The Future of Freedom Foundation in an article written May 23, 2010, black market gun sellers service “over 2 million customers each year.” Further the Cato Institute contends that the profits made by black market gun sellers leads to “further expansion of illegal gun and drug empires into struggling communities.”
Put it All Together!
My first point is that gun control laws lead to greater rates of black market gun sales. Gun control laws lead to strict regulation of who can and who cannot buy guns. Often those who seek to purchase a gun are those who would not pass the necessary background checks in order to purchase a gun. As a result, these individuals seek back channel methods to purchase firearms. In turn this helps to support criminal and dangerous groups in our
article written May 23, 2010, black market gun sellers service “over 2 million customers each year.” Further the Cato Institute contends that the profits made by black market gun sellers leads to “further expansion of illegal gun and drug empires into struggling communities.” Without question the well-intentioned gun control laws have had an adverse effect on gun sales and safety in America.
A.R.E. Presented Graphically
Argument: Reasoning:
Therefore A.R.E. x 3 Looks Like:
Argument: Argument: Argument: Reasoning:
A.R.E. Speech Outline Handout Resolution / Bill Title: _________________ Position: Aff or Neg
Argument: Argument: Argument: Reasoning:
Refuting or Supporting the Arguments of Others
The 4-Steps to Refutation / Support
Step 1 – “They say…”
just made and the point you are about to answer.
lead to increases in gun sales made through the black market”
Step 2 – “But…”
laws would cause greater hikes in crime as almost anyone would be able to purchase firearms.”
Step 3 – “Because…”
counter-assertion.
purchase firearms after laws are
Illegal Guns study, over half of the violent gun crimes in America occurred with guns purchased legally from states with relaxed gun control laws”
Step 4 – “Therefore”
point to the point you’re answering.
may lead to greater sales in black markets, eliminating gun control laws all together would drastically increase violent crime even further.”
Put it All Together
They say that gun control laws lead to increases in gun sales made through the black market, but eliminating gun control laws would cause greater hikes in crime as almost anyone would be able to purchase firearms. This is because it becomes easier to purchase guns after laws are
Illegal Guns study, over half of the violent gun crimes in America occurred with guns purchased legally from states with relaxed gun control laws. Therefore while gun control laws may lead to greater sales in black markets, eliminating gun control laws all together would drastically increase violent crime even further
Outlining the 4-Step Plan
Refuting Supporting
Procedures for the Novice Competitor
should consistently strive to take part in three key procedures used in all sessions:
(1) Make Motions (2) Ask Questions (3) Vote!
Motions
by a member of the Student Congress in order to advance the flow of the debate in the session.
in every Student Congress session.
Three Motions for New Competitors
(1) Move the Previous Question (1) Translation: by saying “I move the previous question” the student is
saying “Lets vote on whether to pass or fail this resolution!”
(2) When to Use It: The student should “move the previous question”
when it appears that debate on a resolution or bill is over or has become one-sided
(2) Move to Lay on the Table (1) Translation: by saying “I move to lay this resolution on the table” the
student is saying “Lets put this aside and come back to it later!”
(2) When to Use It: The student should use this motion when debate is
not conclusive on the issue and there are other matters needing to be addressed.
(3) Point of Information (1) Translation: by saying “Point of Information…” the student is asking
the chair person to clarify either a procedure or specific wording that the Congress in taking into consideration.
(2) When to Use It: The student should request a point of information
when an unclear step is being taken by the Congress.
Asking Questions
speaker will need to respond to questions from the rest of the chamber.
questions related to the speech or the speaker’s position.
Sample Questions
increase financial support of the Stimulus package, where would that capital come from?
benefits the economy, do you think this would help those experiencing the greatest poverty?
draw money from other domestic programs, how would this impact the effectiveness of those programs?
proposed plan!)
VOTE!
competitors will be asked to contribute to the flow of debate by voting on motions and resolutions.
participation in the session.
the course of debate in the remainder of the session.
Student Congress Mini-Session
participate in a sample Student Congress
the Presiding Officer and each of you will be active participants in the competition.
the following Therefore clause:
withdraw its forces from Afghanistan and Iraq, instead sending them to Darfur, Sudan as peacekeeping agents.”
Preparation
develop either a speech in support (affirmation) of the resolution or in (negation) of the resolution.
Arguments and your Reasoning
speech in affirmation followed by a speech in negation. There will be time for questioning after each speech.
A Resolution to Send Troops to Darfur
should withdraw its forces from Afghanistan and Iraq, instead sending them to Darfur, Sudan as peacekeeping agents.
Congrats!
would like to master!
this presentation, contact me at: