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stress ecolo logy, ecotoxi xicolo logy and genetic ic tools ls - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 12, 2023 431 likes •624 views

In Integrativ ive approach to ass ssess th the vu vuln lnerabil ilit ity of f European flo flounder popula latio ions in in str tressed envir vironments : : stress ecolo logy, ecotoxi xicolo logy and genetic ic tools ls

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SLIDE 1

In Integrativ ive approach to ass ssess th the vu vuln lnerabil ilit ity of f European flo flounder popula latio ions in in str tressed envir vironments : : stress ecolo logy, ecotoxi xicolo logy and genetic ic tools ls

E. . Bo Borcier1, G. Charrier1, V. Pichereau1, F. Martinho2, A. Amérand3, M. Théron3, J. Laroche1 Elodie BORCIER - PhD student

HQFISH

(1) LEMAR UMR 6539, IUEM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France (2) University of Coimbra, Center for Functional Ecology, Portugal (3) ORPHY EA 4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France IFS10th-2017

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SLIDE 2

Introduction

2 European flounder, Platichthys flesus Boreal species, from Norway to Portugal

Model species

Estuary MOUTH

(Spawning area)

ESTUARY

(Nursery)

Larvae

Catadromous species

Adults Eggs Juveniles

→ Sentinel species to assess the ecological status of Atlantic estuaries in Europe → Life cycle in estuaries → Low fishing pressure → Multiple stressors

Distribution area of Platichthys flesus

Southern limit

  • f distribution

area

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SLIDE 3

Introduction

3

Location of sampled estuaries

Context of the study

Spain Portugal France England

Seine (polluted)

Climate warming Chemical stress Hypoxia

Mondego (warm)

Vilaine (ref)

7°C 15°C

Southern limit of distribution area

Consequences of global warming and hypoxia on flounder populations?

  • I. Bioenergetic
  • II. Demo-genetic

Multiple stressors in estuaries

Average winter temperature

➢ European flounder → species of interest to explore the vulnerability

  • f populations to environmental forcing :

50° 45° 40°

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SLIDE 4

4

Mondego (warm)

Spain Portugal France England

Seine (polluted) Vilaine (ref)

CCO II (proxy of aerobiosis)

➢ Liver metabolism (gene expression) in juveniles

Vilaine Vilaine Vilaine Seine Seine Seine Mondego Mondego Mondego

(Borcier et al., 2016)

  • I. Bioenergetic approach

▪ Mondego (South) : reduced metabolic activity vs Seine et Vilaine (North) Higher vulnerability to global changes ? → Confirmed in common garden : tolerance to thermal stress reduced in Seine vs Vilaine (Lavergne et al., 2015)

12 S

(mitochondrial density)

18 S

(protein biosynthesis)

▪ Lower inter-individual variability in Seine (heavy pollution) vs Vilaine (low contamination)

Populations "in natura "

Local adaptation to warmer condition ? → Confirmed in common garden (Pédron et al., 2017)

Borcier et al. (2016), Journal of Xenobiotics 6(2) Lavergne et al. (2015), Marine Pollution Bulletin 95(2), 658-664 Pédron et al. (2017), Marine Environmental Research 129, 258-267

50° 45° 40°

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SLIDE 5

5

➢ Differential metabolic activities of flounder populations submitted to thermal and hypoxic stress (Pédron et al., 2017)

Southern pop. Lima

COMMON GARDEN

(Pédron et al., 2017)

  • I. Bioenergetic approach

"common garden"

Spain Portugal France England

Canche Lima

7°C

Northern pop. Canche and Vilaine

Vilaine

15°C Acclimation or vulnerability to multistress ? Energy metabolism : aerobiosis vs anaerobiosis

Pédron et al. (2017), Marine Environmental Research 129, 258-267

JUVENILES

50° 45° 40°

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SLIDE 6
  • I. Bioenergetic approach

"common garden "

Warm + hypoxic condition Cold condition

Aerobiosis Anaerobiosis ➢ Integration of bioenergetic responses in PCA (Principal Component Analysis)

6

Pédron et al. (2017), Marine Environmental Research 129, 258-267

Northern population CANCHE

M.LDH L.LDH HSI M.CS M.CCO

Northern population in thermal and hypoxic stress:

  • 1. Aerobiosis metabolism in cold

condition (low energetic cost)

  • 2. Shift towards anaerobic metabolism

in warm and hypoxic (very high cost

  • f stress)

Markers Individuals

(Pédron et al., 2017)

Vulnerability to combined effects of both stresses? Local adaptation to "cold" condition

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SLIDE 7
  • I. Bioenergetic approach

"common garden"

Warm + hypoxic condition Cold condition

Aerobiosis Anaerobiosis

L.LDH M.LDH HSI M.CS M.CCO

Southern population in thermal and hypoxic stress

  • 1. Balance aerobiosis  anaerobiosis in

warm and hypoxic condition (lower cost of stress)

  • 2. Higher stress in "cold " condition

Higher capacity of southern population to cope with both stresses

7

Pédron et al. (2017), Marine Environmental Research 129, 258-267

Northern population CANCHE

M.LDH L.LDH HSI M.CS M.CCO

Markers Individuals

Southern population LIMA

Markers Individuals

➢ Bioenergetic responses integrating in PCA (Principal Component Analysis)

(Pédron et al., 2017)

Local adaptation to "warm" environment ?

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SLIDE 8

8

  • I. Bioenergetic approach

But… ➢ Highly variable 0+ recruitment success at the southern limit Spawning adults and/or larvae more sensitive to global change than juveniles?

CONCLUSIONS

8

8 Decline in recruitment

Abundance of 0+ flounder in the Mondego estuary (Marthino et al., 2009)

Marthino et al. (2009), Coastal and Shelf Science 83(4), 460-468

➢ Chronically polluted populations (Seine)  loss of phenotypic diversity Higher vulnerability to global warming ? ➢ Southern populations (Mondego, Lima)  local adaptation to warm environment Flounder 0+ juveniles

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SLIDE 9

7

High interannual variability in recruitment success (Martinho et al., 2009, 2010)

5,5 5,7 5,9 6,1 6,3 6,5 6,7 6,9 7,1 Multi-locus allelic richness (Ar)

Allellic richness (microsatellites markers) per population, in natura (Pédron 2016)

Loss of genetic diversity

Rationale

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

Low genetic diversity of Mondego population (Pédron, 2016)

Strong genetic drift?

+

Marthino et al. (2009), Coastal and Shelf Science 83(4), 460-468 Marthino et al. (2010), Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26(6), 843-852 Pédron, 2016, Doctoral dissertation, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest

➢ Weak recruitment and low genetic diversity in Mondego

9

9

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SLIDE 10

10

Effective size

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

GENETIC DRIFT DEMOGRAPHY (Ne) GENETIC DIVERSITY

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SLIDE 11

10

Effective size

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

GENETIC DRIFT DEMOGRAPHY (Ne)

Strong genetic drift :

Random loss of alleles

Loss of adaptability Vulnerability in the short,

medium and long term ?

GENETIC DIVERSITY

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SLIDE 12

10

Effective size

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

GENETIC DRIFT DEMOGRAPHY (Ne)

MONDEGO POPULATION

Strong genetic drift :

Random loss of alleles

Loss of adaptability Vulnerability in the short,

medium and long term ?

GENETIC DIVERSITY

N

demographic size

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SLIDE 13

10

Effective size

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

GENETIC DRIFT DEMOGRAPHY (Ne)

MONDEGO POPULATION

Strong genetic drift :

Random loss of alleles

Loss of adaptability Vulnerability in the short,

medium and long term ?

GENETIC DIVERSITY

N

demographic size

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SLIDE 14

10

Effective size

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

Estimation of Ne  proxy for intensity of genetic drift

GENETIC DRIFT DEMOGRAPHY (Ne)

MONDEGO POPULATION

Small effective size ?

Strong genetic drift :

Random loss of alleles

Loss of adaptability Vulnerability in the short,

medium and long term ?

GENETIC DIVERSITY

Ne N

demographic size

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SLIDE 15

11

Espagne

Mondego (Warm)

Spain Portugal France England

Vilaine (ref)

VILAINE MONDEGO 300 juveniles 0+ per pop, in 2010 20 microsatellites

  • Num. of

markers Ne Vilaine [mean (CI)] Estimation method Ne Mondego [mean (CI)] 20 4485,3 (918,1 - ∞) Linkage disequilbirum 472,5 (316,6 – 862,2) 18 2521,9 (719,1 - ∞) Linkage disequilibrium 464,7 (299,5 – 928,2)

➢ Limits : strong uncertainty in the Vilaine, 1 single cohort (2010) ➢ Lower Ne in Mondego ➢ Mondego : demographic vulnerability in the short or medium term ?

GTCTCG TATATATATATATA TGCCTG

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

Results

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SLIDE 16

11

Espagne

Mondego (Warm)

Spain Portugal France England

Vilaine (ref)

VILAINE MONDEGO 300 juveniles 0+ per pop, in 2010 20 microsatellites

  • Num. of

markers Ne Vilaine [mean (CI)] Estimation method Ne Mondego [mean (CI)] 20 4485,3 (918,1 - ∞) Linkage disequilbirum 472,5 (316,6 – 862,2) 18 2521,9 (719,1 - ∞) Linkage disequilibrium 464,7 (299,5 – 928,2)

➢ Limits : strong uncertainty in the Vilaine, 1 single cohort (2010) ➢ Lower Ne in Mondego ➢ Mondego : demographic vulnerability in the short or medium term ?

GTCTCG TATATATATATATA TGCCTG

  • II. Demo-genetic approach

Results

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SLIDE 17

12

BIOENERGETIC in natural environment & in laboratory Local adaptation of southern and northern populations: contrasted vulnerability to global changes? Higher vulnerability of heavily polluted population to global change DEMO-GENETIC

CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES And now… coupling between

➢ Flounder « Caging » experiment to evaluate the quality of estuaries at local scale ➢ Proteo-genomics : more accurate assessment of flounder responses to environmental stressors Demographic risk of southern population

Multi-estuaries Comparison

VULNERABILITY OF ESTUARINE POPULATIONS TO COMBINED EFFECTS OF GLOBAL AND LOCAL STRESSORS Flounder population  indicator of the ecological status of large European estuaries

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SLIDE 18

18

Thanks for your attention!