Status of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments Patrick - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Status of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments Patrick - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Invisibles Workshop, July 17, 2013 Status of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments Patrick Decowski decowski@nikhef.nl Wednesday, July 17, 13 1 Double beta decay Isotopes (A,Z+1) (A,Z) even-even (A,Z+2) A second-order process

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SLIDE 1

Status of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments

Patrick Decowski decowski@nikhef.nl

Invisibles Workshop, July 17, 2013

1 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 2

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Double beta decay Isotopes

A second-order process only detectable if first-order beta decay is energetically forbidden

(A,Z) (A,Z+1) (A,Z+2)

even-even

ββ

2 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 3

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

> > Nuclear Process (A, Z) (A, Z+2) W- W- e- e- νi νi Uei Uei

  • Extremely rare process [W.H. Furry (1939): T1/2 > 1016 yr]
  • Requires massive Majorana neutrino
  • Lepton Number

Violation

  • Model dependent - Standard interpretation: light Majorana ν + SM interactions

Mν 6= |∆L| = 2

3 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 4

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

> > Nuclear Process (A, Z) (A, Z+2) W- W- e- e- νi νi Uei Uei

  • Extremely rare process [W.H. Furry (1939): T1/2 > 1016 yr]
  • Requires massive Majorana neutrino
  • Lepton Number

Violation

  • Model dependent - Standard interpretation: light Majorana ν + SM interactions

Mν 6= |∆L| = 2

3 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 5

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Candidate 0ν2β Nuclei

Candidate Q[MeV] %Abund

48Ca → 48Ti

4.271 0.187

76Ge → 76Se

2.040 7.8

82Se → 82Kr

2.995 9.2

96Zr → 96Mo

3.350 2.8

100Mo → 100Ru

3.034 9.6

110Pd → 110Cd

2.013 11.8

116Cd → 116Sn

2.802 7.5

124Sn → 124Te

2.228 5.64

130Te → 130Xe

2.530 34.5

136Xe → 136Ba

2.479 8.9

150Nd → 150Sm

3.367 5.6

[Candidates with Q>2 MeV]

Natural abundance of 0ν2β candidates is low → enrichment necessary

Candidates are even-even nuclei (A,Z) (A,Z+1) (A,Z+2)

even-even

ββ

4 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 6

Detecting 0ν2β Decay 0ν2β 2ν2β

  • Ee/Q

Without energy resolution

  • General approach: detect the two final-state electrons
  • Signature: Two simultaneous electrons with summed energy

Qββ, the Q-value for the ββ decay in the isotope of study

5 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 7

Detecting 0ν2β Decay 0ν2β 2ν2β

  • Ee/Q

With energy resolution

  • General approach: detect the two final-state electrons
  • Signature: Two simultaneous electrons with summed energy

Qββ, the Q-value for the ββ decay in the isotope of study

5 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 8

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

  • Conserves lepton number
  • Does not discriminate

between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos

  • Not sensitive to neutrino

mass scale

  • Nevertheless: slow process!

2ν2β has been measured

(T 2ν

1/2)−1 = G2ν(Q, Z)|M2ν|2

Phase Space factor Nuclear Matrix Element

Isotope T1/22ν [yr]

48Ca

4.2±1.0 x 1019

76Ge

1.5±0.1 x 1021

82Se

0.92±0.07 x 1020

96Zr

2.0±0.3 x 1019

100Mo

7.1±0.4 x 1018

116Cd

3.0±0.2 x 1019

128Te

2.5±0.3 x 1024

130Te

0.9±0.1 x 1021

136Xe

2.172±0.062 x 1021

150Nd

7.8±0.8 x 1018

238U

2.0±0.6 x 1021

6 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 9

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

What mass does 0ν2β measure?

(T 0ν

1/2)−1 = G0ν(Q, Z)|M0ν|2mββ⇥2

Effective Majorana mass:

Phase Space factor: Calculable Nuclear Matrix Element: Hard to calculate

Where Uei elements from the Lepton Mixing Matrix

[coherent sum]

hmββi =

  • 3

X

i=1

U 2

eimi

  • 7

Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 10

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

What mass does 0ν2β measure?

(T 0ν

1/2)−1 = G0ν(Q, Z)|M0ν|2mββ⇥2

Effective Majorana mass:

Phase Space factor: Calculable Nuclear Matrix Element: Hard to calculate

Interesting physics

Where Uei elements from the Lepton Mixing Matrix

[coherent sum]

hmββi =

  • 3

X

i=1

U 2

eimi

  • 7

Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 11

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Nuclear Matrix Elements

2 4 6 8 10

48Ca 76Ge 82Se 96Zr 100Mo 110Pd 116Cd 124Sn 130Te 136Xe 150Nd

M’ 0ν Isotope NSM QRPA (Tue) QRPA (Jy) IBM IBM GCM PHFB Pseudo-SU(3)

  • A. Dueck, W. Rodejohann and K.Zuber, Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 113010

M0ν

Past 7-8 years: much better agreements between various models (e.g. NSM and QRPA)

8 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 12

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Nuclear Matrix Elements

2 4 6 8 10

48Ca 76Ge 82Se 96Zr 100Mo 110Pd 116Cd 124Sn 130Te 136Xe 150Nd

M’ 0ν Isotope NSM QRPA (Tue) QRPA (Jy) IBM IBM GCM PHFB Pseudo-SU(3)

  • A. Dueck, W. Rodejohann and K.Zuber, Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 113010

M0ν

Past 7-8 years: much better agreements between various models (e.g. NSM and QRPA)

8 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 13

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Effective Majorana Mass

θ12 = 33.580

δ

θ13 = 00

δ

Normal Inverted

  • S. Elliot, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1230009 (2012)

9 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 14

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Effective Majorana Mass

θ12 = 33.580

δ

θ13 = 00

δ

θ12 = 33.58 δ θ13 = 8.33 δ

Normal Inverted

θ13 non-zero

  • S. Elliot, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1230009 (2012)

9 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 15

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Effective Majorana Mass

θ12 = 33.580

δ

θ13 = 00

δ

θ12 = 33.58 δ θ13 = 8.33 δ

Normal Inverted

Planck, KATRIN

  • S. Elliot, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1230009 (2012)

9 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 16

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Effective Majorana Mass

θ12 = 33.580

δ

θ13 = 00

δ

θ12 = 33.58 δ θ13 = 8.33 δ

Normal Inverted

Planck, KATRIN

  • S. Elliot, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1230009 (2012)

KKDC claim in 76Ge

9 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 17

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Effective Majorana Mass

θ12 = 33.580

δ

θ13 = 00

δ

θ12 = 33.58 δ θ13 = 8.33 δ

Normal Inverted

Planck, KATRIN

  • S. Elliot, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1230009 (2012)

KKDC claim in 76Ge Next-generation of 0ν2β expt: few 100kg

9 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 18

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Effective Majorana Mass

θ12 = 33.580

δ

θ13 = 00

δ

θ12 = 33.58 δ θ13 = 8.33 δ

Normal Inverted

Planck, KATRIN

  • S. Elliot, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1230009 (2012)

KKDC claim in 76Ge Next-generation of 0ν2β expt: few 100kg Future 0ν2β expt: ton-scale

9 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 19

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Osc Params in ⟨mββ⟩ determination

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 m eV 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 mee eV m312 m312 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 m eV 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 mee eV

∆m2 s2

12c2 13

∆m2

Ac2 13 cos 2θ12

m1c2

12c2 13

∆m2

Ac2 13

m0 − ∆m2 + m2

1s2 12c2 13

m0

1−t2

12−2s2 13

1+t2

12

− ∆m2

A + m2 1s2 13

± ∆m2

As2 13

  • M. Lindner, A. Merle, W. Rodejohann, Phys.Rev. D73 (2006) 053005

[And, if sterile νs exist, this diagram is no longer correct!]

10 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 20

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Osc Params in ⟨mββ⟩ determination

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 m eV 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 mee eV m312 m312 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 m eV 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 mee eV

∆m2 s2

12c2 13

∆m2

Ac2 13 cos 2θ12

m1c2

12c2 13

∆m2

Ac2 13

m0 − ∆m2 + m2

1s2 12c2 13

m0

1−t2

12−2s2 13

1+t2

12

− ∆m2

A + m2 1s2 13

± ∆m2

As2 13

  • M. Lindner, A. Merle, W. Rodejohann, Phys.Rev. D73 (2006) 053005

[And, if sterile νs exist, this diagram is no longer correct!]

10 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 21

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

m3 = 0.001 eV IH, 3 IH, BF 0.01 0.1 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38

meff s12

θ12 Matters!

⟨mββ⟩ [eV] sin2 θ12

+3σ

Adapted from A. Dueck, W. Rodejohann and K.Zuber, Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 113010

σ

11 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 22

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

m3 = 0.001 eV IH, 3 IH, BF 0.01 0.1 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38

meff s12

θ12 Matters!

⟨mββ⟩ [eV] sin2 θ12

+3σ

  • 3σ

Adapted from A. Dueck, W. Rodejohann and K.Zuber, Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 113010

σ

11 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 23

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

m3 = 0.001 eV IH, 3 IH, BF 0.01 0.1 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38

meff s12

θ12 Matters!

⟨mββ⟩ [eV] sin2 θ12

+3σ

  • 3σ

Factor 2!

Adapted from A. Dueck, W. Rodejohann and K.Zuber, Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 113010

σ

11 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 24

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

m3 = 0.001 eV IH, 3 IH, BF 0.01 0.1 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38

meff s12

θ12 Matters!

⟨mββ⟩ [eV] sin2 θ12

+3σ

  • 3σ

Factor 2!

Adapted from A. Dueck, W. Rodejohann and K.Zuber, Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 113010

σ

Better measurement of θ12 required: similar impact as NME uncertainty for a given isotope

11 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 25

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Experimental sensitivity

Detector Efficiency Isotopic Fraction Atomic Mass Background Rate Detector Mass Running Time Detector Resolution

T 0ν

1/2 ∝ a

A

  • Mt

b∆E T 0ν

1/2 ∝ ✏ a

AMt

No experimental background: With experimental background:

12 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 26

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Backgrounds

  • The signal level of the experiments is

few cnts/(ton-year)

  • Background control critical
  • Typical backgrounds involved
  • Contamination from U and Th decay-chain

isotopes

  • Compton-scattered ɣ rays, β and α particles
  • Cosmogenic muon induced backgrounds
  • Activation of shielding, source material etc.

0ν2β experiments are ultra-clean and conducted deep under ground log(exposure) log(sensitivity)

BG free: ~t BG: ~t1/2 Systematics

=mass x time For any rare event expt:

13 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 27

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Q and Background

Q [MeV] 2 3 4

76Ge 130Te 136Xe 100Mo 82Se

5

150Nd 96Zr 48Ca

Natural radioactivity (40K, 60Co,234mPa, external 214Bi and 208Tl…)

214Bi and Radon 208Tl (2.6 MeV γ line) and Thorium

γ from (n,γ) reactions Surface or bulk contamination in α emitters Cosmogenic production

14 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 28

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Generally Two Techniques

Source ≠ Detector Source = Detector β1 β2 β2 β1

Source Detector Detector Detector

Pros: +Easy to change source isotope +Background mitigation +Topology Pros: +Energy resolution +Mass +Detection Efficiency Cons:

  • Mass
  • Detection Efficiency

Cons:

  • Background mitigation
  • Topology

15 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 29

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Isotope Experiment Technique Mass Enriched Qββ [MeV] Start/Stage

130Te

Cuoricino TeO2 bolometers 40.7kg No 2.6 Done

82Se, 100Mo

NEMO-3 tracko-calo 0.9kg/6.9kg Yes 3.37 Done

76Ge

GERDA Phase I/II Ge diodes in LAr 18kg/40kg 86% 2.04 2011/2013

136Xe

EXO LXe [tracking] 200kg/1t 80% 2.458 2011/2017?

136Xe

KamLAND-Zen Isotope in LS 400kg 90% 2.458 2011

130Te

CUORE TeO2 bolometers 11kg/204kg No 2.53 2013/2015

130Te(150Nd)

SNO+ Isotope in LS 750kg No 3.37/2.53 2014

76Ge

Majorana Ge diodes 30kg 86% 2.04 2015

82Se, 150Nd

SuperNEMO tracko-calo 7kg/100kg Yes 3.37 2014

136Xe

NEXT GXe 100kg yes 2.458 2013

116Cd

COBRA CdZnTe semicond No 2.80 Prototype

48Ca

CANDLES CaF2 cryst in LS 0.35kg No 4.27 Prototype

82Se

Lucifer bolom+scintill

136Xe

XMASS LXe

100Mo

MOON tracking 1t No 3.03 Prototype

Incomplete overview of experiments

16 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 30

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Isotope Experiment Technique Mass Enriched Qββ [MeV] Start/Stage

130Te

Cuoricino TeO2 bolometers 40.7kg No 2.6 Done

82Se, 100Mo

NEMO-3 tracko-calo 0.9kg/6.9kg Yes 3.37 Done

76Ge

GERDA Phase I/II Ge diodes in LAr 18kg/40kg 86% 2.04 2011/2013

136Xe

EXO LXe [tracking] 200kg/1t 80% 2.458 2011/2017?

136Xe

KamLAND-Zen Isotope in LS 400kg 90% 2.458 2011

130Te

CUORE TeO2 bolometers 11kg/204kg No 2.53 2013/2015

130Te(150Nd)

SNO+ Isotope in LS 750kg No 3.37/2.53 2014

76Ge

Majorana Ge diodes 30kg 86% 2.04 2015

82Se, 150Nd

SuperNEMO tracko-calo 7kg/100kg Yes 3.37 2014

136Xe

NEXT GXe 100kg yes 2.458 2013

116Cd

COBRA CdZnTe semicond No 2.80 Prototype

48Ca

CANDLES CaF2 cryst in LS 0.35kg No 4.27 Prototype

82Se

Lucifer bolom+scintill

136Xe

XMASS LXe

100Mo

MOON tracking 1t No 3.03 Prototype

Incomplete overview of experiments

Isotope Experiment Technique Mass Enriched Qββ [MeV] Start/Stage

130Te

Cuoricino TeO2 bolometers 40.7kg No 2.6 Done

82Se, 100Mo

NEMO-3 tracko-calo 0.9kg/6.9kg Yes 3.37 Done

76Ge

GERDA Phase I/II Ge diodes in LAr 18kg/40kg 86% 2.04 2011/2013

136Xe

EXO LXe [tracking] 200kg/1t 80% 2.458 2011/2017?

136Xe

KamLAND-Zen Isotope in LS 400kg 90% 2.458 2011

130Te

CUORE TeO2 bolometers 11kg/204kg No 2.53 2013/2015

130Te(150Nd)

SNO+ Isotope in LS 750kg No 3.37/2.53 2014

76Ge

Majorana Ge diodes 30kg 86% 2.04 2015

82Se, 150Nd

SuperNEMO tracko-calo 7kg/100kg Yes 3.37 2014

136Xe

NEXT GXe 100kg yes 2.458 2013

116Cd

COBRA CdZnTe semicond No 2.80 Prototype

48Ca

CANDLES CaF2 cryst in LS 0.35kg No 4.27 Prototype

82Se

Lucifer bolom+scintill

136Xe

XMASS LXe

100Mo

MOON tracking 1t No 3.03 Prototype

16 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 31

Kamioka Gran Sasso (LNGS) Frejus (LSM) SNOLab SURF

Underground Labs with large 0ν2β Experiments

WIPP Canfranc

17 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 32

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

  • 7kg 82Se demonstrator operational 2014-2015
  • Tracking: No background
  • Goal: T1/2 > 6.6 x 1024yr → 200 - 400 meV @ 2yrs data
  • Ultimately 20 modules, 100 kg. Both 82Se and 150Nd
  • Goal: T1/2 > 1 x 1026 yr → 40 - 100 meV

SuperNEMO

18 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 33

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

CUORE Program

Cuoricino CUORE CUORE-O

2003–2008 2013–2015 2014–2019 11 kg 130Te 11 kg 130Te 206 kg 130Te

COMPLETE

19 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 34

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

10 mK heat sink (Cu) weak thermal coupling (PTFE) absorber (TeO2 crystal) sensor (thermistor) radiation

G E C ~ 10 MeV/mK

5 cm

CUORE Design

20 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 35

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

CUORE Reach

Cuoricino CUORE-0 CUORE

130Te mass (kg)

11 11 206 Background (c/keV/kg/y) @ 2528 keV 0.17 0.05 0.01 E resolution (keV) FWHM @ 2615 keV 7 5–6 5 〈mββ〉 (meV) @ 90% C.L. 300–710 200–500 40–90 Science Start Done 2013 2015

21 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 36

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

SNO+

  • Reuse of SNO equipment with Liquid

Scintillator in the Acrylic Vessel

  • Physics priority: 0ν2β over solar, geo
  • Original plan: 150Nd
  • Current plan: 130Te
  • 130Te solubility in LAB demonstrated
  • 34.5% vs 5.6% natural abundance
  • Scintillator fill in 2014

22 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 37

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Te-LS over Nd-LS

  • K. Zuber, SNO+

Te-loaded LAB better light yield than Nd-loaded LAB Te-LS has no absorption lines Initially 0.3% loading (~800kg) maybe increased

23 Wednesday, July 17, 13

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SLIDE 38

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Majorana Demonstrator

  • Goals:
  • Technical: demonstrate feasibility of a tonne-scale detector
  • Physics: test KKDC claim
  • Community: work with GERDA towards tonne-scale detector
  • 40 kg of Ge:
  • 30kg 86% enr 76Ge & 10 kg natGe crystals
  • P-type, point-contact diodes
  • Backgrounds: ultra clean, electroformed Cu
  • Proto. Cryostat

2 natGe strings Summer 2013 Cryostat 1 3 enrGe & 4 natGe Late 2013 Cryostat 2 7 enrGe strings Fall 2014

24 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

NEXT

  • 100
  • High pressure gas TPC with 100kg of enriched Xe
  • Electroluminescence amplifies ionization signal
  • Separate energy and tracking planes

25 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-40
SLIDE 40

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

NEXT

  • 100
  • Very good energy resolution and topology info
  • R&D phase now being completed
  • NEXT
  • 100 under construction
  • Commissioning in 2014, physics in 2015
  • Plans for tonne-scale detector for full IH exploration

X (mm) 50 100 150 200 Y (mm)

  • 300
  • 250
  • 200
  • 150 Simulation of 0ν2β in

GXe @ 10 bar

15cm

26 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

EXO-200

Liquid Xe TPC

27 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Last 0ν2β results

±σ ±2·σ

98.5 kg Xe, 120.7 d, 32.6 kg-yr, by now 3x more data T1/2 > 1.6x1025 yr (90% CL) ⟨mββ⟩ < 140 - 380 meV

EXO Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 032505 (2012)

Multi-site (MS) vs Single-Site (SS): powerful background discrimination

28 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

EXO-200 Plans / Goals

  • Plans
  • Improve E-reconstruction efficiency and resolution (e.g. 1.67% → 1.4%)
  • Improve fiducial volume uncertainty from 9% → 4% (1.6% for 2ν2β)
  • Reduce background by perhaps 2x (Rn trapped in shield)
  • Goals
  • Sensitivity of (3 - 5.5) x 1025yr (90% CL) → ⟨mββ⟩ < 75 - 270 meV
  • Demonstrator for next generation EXO
  • A. Piepke, EXO

29 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

nEXO

  • 5 ton enrXe (~4.5 ton fid) initially

without Ba-tagging

  • Ba-tagging an option, R&D continuing
  • 1.4% (σ) E-reso
  • Move from WIPP to SNOLab
  • Assume backgrounds similar to

EXO-200 (but no Rn)

  • A. Piepke, EXO

30 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-45
SLIDE 45

nEXO limits

Most conservative NME

Present EXO-200 Limit

Least conservative NME

  • A. Piepke, EXO

10-4 1 1 10-4

31 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-46
SLIDE 46

nEXO limits

Most conservative NME

Present EXO-200 Limit

Least conservative NME Most conservative NME

Ultimate EXO-200 Limit

Least conservative NME

Ultimate EXO-200: 4yrs, with Rn removal

  • A. Piepke, EXO

10-4 1 1 10-4

31 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-47
SLIDE 47

nEXO limits

Most conservative NME

Present EXO-200 Limit

Least conservative NME Most conservative NME

Ultimate EXO-200 Limit

Least conservative NME Most conservative NME

Initial nEXO Limit (no Ba-tag)

Least conservative NME

Ultimate EXO-200: 4yrs, with Rn removal Initial nEXO: scale up of EXO-200, no Ba-tagging

  • A. Piepke, EXO

10-4 1 1 10-4

31 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-48
SLIDE 48

nEXO limits

Most conservative NME

Present EXO-200 Limit

Least conservative NME Most conservative NME

Ultimate EXO-200 Limit

Least conservative NME Most conservative NME

Initial nEXO Limit (no Ba-tag)

Least conservative NME Most conservative NME

Ultimate nEXO Limit (with Ba-tag)

Least conservative NME

Ultimate EXO-200: 4yrs, with Rn removal Initial nEXO: scale up of EXO-200, no Ba-tagging Final nEXO: Ba-tagging, no BG besides 2νββ

  • A. Piepke, EXO

10-4 1 1 10-4

31 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-49
SLIDE 49

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Towards the KamLAND-Zen detector

KamLAND KamLAND-Zen

2002-2011 2011-

32 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-50
SLIDE 50

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

KamLAND-Zen advantages & disadvantages

[And similar arguments apply to SNO+!]

  • +Well-understood detector
  • +Highly pure, self-shielding environment
  • +Large ββ source mass, scalable
  • -Relatively poor energy resolution
  • -No particle identification

33 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-51
SLIDE 51

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-52
SLIDE 52

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-53
SLIDE 53

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-54
SLIDE 54

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-55
SLIDE 55

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data Total

  • Xe 2

136

Total U.L.)

  • (0
  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-56
SLIDE 56

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data Total

  • Xe 2

136

Total U.L.)

  • (0
  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Visible Energy (MeV) 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 Events/0.05MeV

  • 5

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Data Total Total U.L.)

  • (0
  • Xe 0
136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-57
SLIDE 57

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data Total

  • Xe 2

136

Total U.L.)

  • (0
  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Visible Energy (MeV) 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 Events/0.05MeV

  • 5

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Data Total Total U.L.)

  • (0
  • Xe 0
136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Days

50 100 150 200

Events/Day/Ton

0.1 0.2 0.3 2

  • S

D 1

  • S

D Ag

110m

Bi

208

Y

88

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-58
SLIDE 58

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

  • Current status: destillation
  • f LS and Xe separately
  • New 0ν2β run starting in

Aug 2013

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data

  • Xe 2

136

  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Visible Energy (MeV) 1 2 3 4 Events/0.05MeV

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

10

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Th

232

U +

238

Kr

85

Bi +

210

+ IB/External Spallation Data Total

  • Xe 2

136

Total U.L.)

  • (0
  • Xe 0

136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Visible Energy (MeV) 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 Events/0.05MeV

  • 5

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Bi

208

Y

88

Ag

110m

Data Total Total U.L.)

  • (0
  • Xe 0
136

(90% C.L. U.L.)

Days

50 100 150 200

Events/Day/Ton

0.1 0.2 0.3 2

  • S

D 1

  • S

D Ag

110m

Bi

208

Y

88

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

Latest 0ν2β results

34 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-59
SLIDE 59

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

The positive claim in 76Ge…

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

KK 68% C.L.

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

35 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-60
SLIDE 60

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

The positive claim in 76Ge…

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

KK 68% C.L.

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

EXO-200 90% C.L. KamLAND-Zen KamLAND 90% C.L. Combined 90% C.L.

KK 68% C.L.

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

35 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-61
SLIDE 61

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

The positive claim in 76Ge…

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

KK 68% C.L.

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

EXO-200 90% C.L. KamLAND-Zen KamLAND 90% C.L. Combined 90% C.L.

KK 68% C.L.

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

EXO-200 90% C.L. KamLAND-Zen KamLAND 90% C.L. Combined 90% C.L.

G C M N S M I B M

  • 2

( R ) Q R P A KK 68% C.L.

Combined limit from EXO-200 + KLZ: KKDC claim is excluded at >97.5% C.L.

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

35 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-62
SLIDE 62

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

The positive claim in 76Ge…

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

KK 68% C.L.

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

EXO-200 90% C.L. KamLAND-Zen KamLAND 90% C.L. Combined 90% C.L.

KK 68% C.L.

Xe (yr)

136 1/2

T Ge (yr)

76 1/2

T

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

24

10

25

10

26

10

24

10

25

10

26

10

EXO-200 90% C.L. KamLAND-Zen KamLAND 90% C.L. Combined 90% C.L.

G C M N S M I B M

  • 2

( R ) Q R P A KK 68% C.L.

Combined limit from EXO-200 + KLZ: KKDC claim is excluded at >97.5% C.L.

⟨mββ⟩ < 120 - 250 meV

KamLAND-Zen Collaboration, Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 062502

35 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-63
SLIDE 63

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Other Experiments

AMoRE

100Mo

Good energy reso CANDLES

48Ca

High Q-value COBRA

116Cd, 130Te

Topology DCBA

82Se, 150Nd

Topology LUCIFER

82Se, 100Mo, 116Cd

Good energy reso MOON

82Se, 100Mo, 150Nd

Topology XMASS

136Xe

Large Mass

A.Giuliani

36 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-64
SLIDE 64

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Experimental Summary of Current Gen

EXO200 GERDA1 CUORE 0 KamLAND Zen SNO GERDA2 CUORE NEXT SuperNemo D. Majorana D.

10 20 50 100 200 500

mββ (meV)

EXO200 GERDA-I CUORE-0 KamLAND-Zen SNO+ GERDA-II CUORE NEXT SuperNemo D Marjorana D

500 200 20 10 100 50 ⟨mββ⟩ [meV]

J.J. Gomez-Cadenas et al.,Riv.Nuovo Cim. 35 (2012) 29-98

KKDC Inverse Hierarchy

5 yr expo pessimistic 5 yr expo

  • ptimistic

10 yr expo

  • ptimistic

Current Gen: ~100kg mass

150Nd → 130Te

37 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-65
SLIDE 65

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Summary

  • Observation of 0ν2β would be a major discovery
  • Majorana nature of neutrinos
  • Lepton Number

Violation

  • Needs verification with different techniques and isotopes
  • Many experiments are running or will be commissioned in the

next few years at a few 100kg scale

  • Exploration of inverted hierarchy feasible
  • Normal hierarchy will remain difficult (>10 ton scale expts)
  • Not just NME, but also new measurements (e.g. θ12) necessary

38 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-66
SLIDE 66

Patrick Decowski/Nikhef

Summary

  • Observation of 0ν2β would be a major discovery
  • Majorana nature of neutrinos
  • Lepton Number

Violation

  • Needs verification with different techniques and isotopes
  • Many experiments are running or will be commissioned in the

next few years at a few 100kg scale

  • Exploration of inverted hierarchy feasible
  • Normal hierarchy will remain difficult (>10 ton scale expts)
  • Not just NME, but also new measurements (e.g. θ12) necessary

I expect EXO-200 results soon, but there will be limited new data coming for 1-2 years after that…

38 Wednesday, July 17, 13

slide-67
SLIDE 67

Patrick Decowski/University of Amsterdam

Correlations?

Setting gA = 1.0 for all isotopes

  • H. Robertson, arXiv: 1301.1323

(T 0ν

1/2)1 = g4 AG0 0ν(Q, Z)|M0ν|2hmββi2

The phase space G0ν: activity per atom Specific phase space: activity per unit mass → Unexpected inverse relationship

39 Wednesday, July 17, 13