States, Greenland, the British Isles, Scandinavia and Africa Rock - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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States, Greenland, the British Isles, Scandinavia and Africa Rock - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 08, 2022 110 likes •1.52k views

Mountain belts across the United States, Greenland, the British Isles, Scandinavia and Africa Rock similarities between Africa and South America 160 myo Iceland India is still colliding with Asia 450 mi Much less pressure and heat,

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Rock similarities between Africa and South America Mountain belts across the United States, Greenland, the British Isles, Scandinavia and Africa

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160 myo

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Iceland

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India is still colliding with Asia

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High pressure and heat, dense material-solid

Less pressure high heat, dense material, liquid Less pressure and heat, but less dense material, so solid

Much less pressure and heat, light material, liquid

  • r semiliquid

1800 mi 1400 mi 750 mi 450 mi

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Quiet as stress builds Slippage Quiet as stress builds

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=slippage =point above focus

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2010—Haiti—200,000 (?) dead; magnitude=7.0 1989—San Francisco—62 dead, damages of $6 billion; magnitude=7.1 1994—Los Angeles—51 dead, damages of 15 billion; magnitude=less than 6.9 1906—San Francisco—1500 dead; magnitude=8.2 1960—Chile—5700 dead; magnitude=9.5 (highest) 1811—St. Louis—dead ?; magnitude=8.0? 1886—Charleston—60 dead; magnitude=7.3? 1976—China—240,000 dead; magnitude=7.6 1556—China—830,000 dead; magnitude=? 2004—Southeast Asia—0; magnitude=9.1 2005—Southeast Asia—1000+, magnitude=8.7

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Displacement can create a huge seismic wave called a tsunami

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Seismo- graph

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Close to epicenter Initial wave (front)

(20 min)

Wave (back) from other side of Earth (1.5 hrs)

Initial wave returns

(2 hrs)

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Epicenter

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Magnitude 6.0 Date-Time Tuesday, September 28, 2004 at 17:15:24 (UTC) - Coordinated Universal Time Tuesday, September 28, 2004 at 10:15:24 AM local time at epicenter Time of Earthquake in other Time Zones Location 35.81N 120.37W Depth 8 kilometers Region CENTRAL CALIFORNIA Reference 30 km (20 miles) SW of Avenal, California 35 km (20 miles) S of Coalinga, California 35 km (25 miles) ENE of Paso Robles, California 325 km (200 miles) SSE of SACRAMENTO, California Remarks Minor damage (VI) at Parkfield and San Miguel. Felt (V) at Avenal, Bradley, Coalinga, Paso Robles, Shandon and Templeton. Felt throughout central California from Sacramento and San Francisco south as far as Los Angeles and Orange County.

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Strike- slip

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Hanging wall Footwall

Dip-slip

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Grand Tetons

Normal faulting

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Normal faults in Hawai’i

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Glacier National Park

Reverse faulting

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Strike-slip fault

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Vertical and horizontal

Falls away

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Movement down and away

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F O L D

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Fold Faults

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Stress Folding Intense folding Faulting

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Dome Basin

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600 400 200 55 2

Dome

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2 55 200 400 600

Basin

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Large magma chamber

Eruption

Without support, crater collapses

Small cinder cone forms

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Lava tubes

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Pillow lava

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Bomb

Cooled lava

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Blocks Bombs

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Cinders

2.5 inches to 1/16th

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Ash/dust

Tuff

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Andes

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Coastal Range

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Kuril and Jamaica

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Aleutians

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Mauna Kea 13,800ft Mauna Loa 13,700ft + 16,000ft

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Change 40ma

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Mauna Loa

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Kilauea

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Cinder cone Mauna Loa

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Lava flows

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Palisades New York

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