Standardised SLAs: how far can we go? DIHC, Euro-Par 2013, Aachan - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Standardised SLAs: how far can we go? DIHC, Euro-Par 2013, Aachan - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 19, 2023 686 likes •1.01k views

Standardised SLAs: how far can we go? DIHC, Euro-Par 2013, Aachan John Kennedy Intel Labs Europe Before we begin AMD AT&T Microelectronics Digital Equipment Harris Semiconductor Hewlett-Packard IBM

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Standardised SLAs: how far can we go?

DIHC, Euro-Par 2013, Aachan John Kennedy Intel Labs Europe

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  • AMD
  • AT&T Microelectronics
  • Digital Equipment
  • Harris Semiconductor
  • Hewlett-Packard
  • IBM
  • Intel
  • LSI Logic
  • Micron Technology
  • Motorola
  • National Semiconductor
  • NCR
  • Rockwell International
  • Texas Instruments

Before we begin…

+ US Government = Now nearly 30 years later: a fully international, non-profit, non-governmental consortium of nearly 70 members

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Cloud Service Provider Cloud Resources Cloud Service Customer

Discover Advertise Negotiate Consume Manage Monitor

Network Compute Storage

Cloud Services

Service, SLA, Resource Management Browser Application Person

A Cloud Model…

What is a Service Level Agreement?

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Cloud Service Provider Cloud Resources Cloud Service Customer

Discover Advertise Negotiate Consume Manage Monitor

Network Compute Storage

Cloud Services

Service, SLA, Resource Management Browser Application Person

…Cloud Interfaces…

What is a Service Level Agreement?

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Cloud Service Provider Cloud Resources Cloud Service Customer

Discover Advertise Negotiate Consume Manage Monitor

Network Compute Storage

Cloud Services

Service, SLA, Resource Management Browser Application Person

…Cloud Data Models… …and Legal Framework

What is a Service Level Agreement?

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What is a Service Level Agreement?

ISO/IEC 20000-1:2011: a documented agreement between the service provider and customer that identifies services and service targets [can also be established between providers and suppliers etc., can be included in a contract or other form of documented agreement] SLAware, informal definition: SLAs are negotiated agreements between service providers and customers specifying their respective responsibilities and obligations in respect of service delivery and service usage. In addition to providing details of agreement parties, services and SLA duration, SLAs may, among other things, specify prices & costs, quality of service &

  • ther performance objectives, help-desk details, schedules for regular maintenance,

penalties for SLA violations, exclusion clauses and termination conditions.

https://dl.dropbox.com/u/50697125/SLAware%20%28public%20May%202012%29.pdf

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SLAs Today

  • Arbitrary in detail and content
  • Verbose
  • Complex, possibly nested
  • Static
  • Provider centric

Require careful, manual scrutiny and comprehension by the customer Potentially complex, bespoke software (re)architecture and engineering required by customer to maximise efficiency

SLAs are tedious, arbitrary and complex – but of fundamental business importance to both parties

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SLAs of the Future: Standardisation?

Machine Readability and Comprehension: key enabler for automation of

  • Discovery
  • Negotiation
  • Composition
  • Monitoring
  • Disposition of Violations

Benefits:

Requires agreed Cloud Interfaces, SLA Data Models, SLA Vocabularies and Legal Framework Personalised SLAs, Ability to Compare Flexible Offerings, Maximised Efficiencies

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Researching Standardised SLA-Aware Interfaces…

CIMI: Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface

  • Interface for IaaS Resource Management
  • IaaS specific semantics
  • Industry driven

OCCI: Open Cloud Computing Interface

  • Extendable Interface for Cloud Resource Management
  • Core model, infrastructure extension, HTTP rendering separately defined
  • Open community
  • Multiple reference implementations
  • Monitoring extensions, JSON rendering being progressed
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Researching Standardised SLA Data Models…

  • Many projects have investigated and progressed various aspects of SLA Models
  • EC’s Cloud Computing SLAs – Exploitation of Research Results report highlights:
  • 4CaaSt: Blueprint Concept
  • BREIN: Semantic Annotation in SLA templates
  • CloudScale: Scalability Specification
  • Cloud-TM: SLA Definition and Enforcement in Transactional Data Stores
  • CONTRAIL: SLA Specification and Quality Model
  • EGI: Service Catalogue in a Federated Environment
  • IRMOS: SLAs at Different Levels
  • OPTIMIS: Service Manifest
  • Q-ImPrESS: QoS-oriented SLA Specification
  • PrestoPRIM : SLA Specification for Preservation Services (risk of data loss)
  • SLA@SOI: Service Description
  • VISION Cloud: Content-related Terms in SLAs
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A Generic SLA Model

  • Rich
  • Comprehensive
  • Extendable
  • Format independent

Scope Includes

  • Technical Provision Request details
  • Monitoring requirements
  • Functional and non-functional parameters

SLA@SOI Data Model: SLA *

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5697973

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Commercial State of the art - 2012

Consuming the Cloud - Amazon EC2:

Coarse-grained, non-scaling, not SLA aware.

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SLA * POC

Customer:

  • Requests a Service with

specific capabilities

  • Personalises their SLA

Provider automatically

  • Provisions the Service
  • Configures monitoring
  • Detects potential

violations

  • Makes adjustment, or

generates alert

  • Optimises based on

internal policies, maintaining SLAs

On-Demand Provisioning of Business-aware SLA guaranteed PaaS Services

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An evolution of SLA *: SLAware

https://dl.dropbox.com/u/50697125/SLAware%20%28public%20May%202012%29.pdf

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SLAware – Analysis of Amazon EC2 SLA

https://dl.dropbox.com/u/50697125/SLAware%20%28public%20May%202012%29.pdf

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Researching Standardised SLA Vocabularies…

Arguably detailed vocabularies need to be domain and application specific. Some related work includes:

  • ODCA Usage Models
  • NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap
  • Intel Cloud Finder
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NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap

http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/upload/SP_500_293_volumeII.pdf

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Intel Cloud Finder

www.IntelCloudFinder.com

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Researching Legal Framework…

How do I know what service I am buying? Will my data be protected? Which providers can I trust? Can I switch providers easily? Can I easily enforce the contract through legal action? “Standards, certification, data protection, interoperability, lock-in, legal certainty and

  • thers […] where these barriers

exist, I am determined to

  • vercome them”

‘walls and limits in the cloud will make your life harder’

Davos Keynote – Jan 2012 - http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/38 Neelie Kroes, Commissioner for Digital Agenda

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European Cloud Computing Strategy

https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/cloud-computing-policy-roadmap

http://csc.etsi.org/ Report on Exploitation

  • f SLA Research

Results European Cloud Partnership

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SLA Standardisation Initiatives

ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. 45+ SIGs progressing Cloud Standards

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SLA Standardisation Initiatives

ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. TM Forum have published numerous SLA documents including GB917 SLA Management Handbook, TR178 Enabling End to End Cloud SLA Management and TR197 Multi-Cloud Service Management Pack–SLA Business Blueprint, all specifically addressing needs of Telcos.

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SLA Standardisation Initiatives

ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. Recent NIST Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap discusses potential for standardised SLAs. Version 2.0 of NIST Cloud Computing Taxonomy to include newly identified SLA taxonomy to support US Government. Version 1.0 of NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap (draft) includes SLA concept maps.

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SLA Standardisation Initiatives

ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. Detailed report has been compiled by stakeholders re Cloud Computing Service Level Agreements

  • Exploitation of Research Results. Includes

recommendations for Cloud Select Industry Group on SLAs to consider, for potential rollup to ETSI CSC. Details outputs from more than 21 projects. Provides 11 specific recommendations for progressing SLAs. ETSI CSC coordinating European strategy to address cloud standards.

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SLA Standardisation Initiatives

ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. WS Agreement and WS

  • AgreementNegotiation can provide

basis for SLA negotiation protocol. Project to develop SLA extensions to OCCI proposed.

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SLA Standardisation Initiatives

ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. New Work Item on SLA Framework and Terminology Proposed. Scope: Overview of SLAs for Cloud Services, Relationship between master agreement and SLAs, SLA Components, Commonly used terms, definitions, contexts etc. Not in Scope: Standard structure for SLAs

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Conclusions

  • SLA standards required to maximise efficiencies for both Cloud Customers and

Providers

  • Ultimate solution requires standardisation or at least mutual agreement of
  • SLA-Aware Interfaces … standards are being extended
  • SLA Data models … models are evolving
  • SLA Vocabularies … significant domain dependencies
  • Legal Framework … some progress made, policy makers starting to engage
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Standardised SLAs – how far can we go? …arguably as far as we* want

* where “we” is a complete Cloud community, an ecosystem of Customers, Providers and Policy makers

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Sematech demonstrates one model by which such a community might succeed

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVQZWt7lNpI

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…what do you think? Standardised SLAs – how far can we go?

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