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Squaring the Circle:
How Framedness influences User Behavior around a Seamless Cylindrical Display
Gilbert Beyer, Florian Köttner, Manuel Schiewe, Ivo Haulsen, Andreas Butz
University of Munich and Fraunhofer FOKUS
Shaped Displays
Squaring the Circle: How Framedness influences User Behavior around - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Squaring the Circle: How Framedness influences User Behavior around - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Squaring the Circle: How Framedness influences User Behavior around a Seamless Cylindrical Display Gilbert Beyer, Florian Kttner, Manuel Schiewe, Ivo Haulsen, Andreas Butz University of Munich and Fraunhofer FOKUS Shaped Displays Digital
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Digital Advertising Column
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Audience behavior
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Defining qualities of shaped displays
Form Factor / Framedness / Seamlessness
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SURFACE ROUGHNESS CURVATURE
concave / convex
PLANARITY
flat / non-flat
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Q1: Form Factor
SHAPE
primitive / complex
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Cylinder
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Circular Cylinder
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*For a hexagon see Koppel et al. 2012
Polygon (Octagon)
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Surface Roughness
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Q2: Framedness
FRAMED DISPLAYS
4 boundaries
SEMI-FRAMED DISPLAYS
2 boundaries
UNFRAMED DISPLAYS
1-0 boundaries
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Semi-framed (curved)
Advertising Column
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Semi-framed (flat)
Banner Display
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Q3: Seamlessness
NO EDGES NO BEZELS NO FRAMES
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Q3: Seamlessness
seamless not seamless
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The same? Or producing different user behavior?
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User positions and constellations
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Column Display
Interaction / Hardware / Challenges
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Interaction Principle
Communicating the interactivity by means of an unaware or implicit initial interaction
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Frontal approachers
Unaware initial interaction using a space-saving user representation
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Tangential passers-by
Unaware initial interaction using particles appearing slightly ahead
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COMPUTING POWER
8 Kinects
UNBIASED INTERACTION STYLE
no specific poses
SEAMLESS CONTENT
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Design Challenges
SEAMLESS INTERACTION
within a circular space
SEAMLESS CONTENT
not affecting positions
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Multi-Kinect load
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Hardware Setup
distributed system exchanging depth and skeleton data integrating Kinects as unobtrusively as possible
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Hardware Setup
distributed system exchanging depth and skeleton data integrating Kinects as unobtrusively as possible
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Study
Conditions / Design / Data collection
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Condition 1: Unframed Column
Seamless content and interaction
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Condition 2: Framed Column
Frames were just a visual overlay over the seamless content
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Four-week deployment
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INTERVIEWS LOGGING
data assessed by Kinects
VIDEO-REC.
220 hours
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Data Collection
FIELD RATER
(hidden)
INTERVIEWS
semi-structured after the study
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Scoring Positions
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Nesting Behaviors
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Results
General / Conditions / Post-hoc analysis
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General Observations
762 interactions and 205 people watching others within 33 hour sample 40.9 seconds average interaction interval length
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General Observations
Initial interaction: already reacting from a distance if approaching frontally – later when deviating
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General Observations
Pairs and groups interacted untiringly, but singles devoted as well
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General Observations
All kind of human behavior between cooperation, competition, self-activity
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Conditions
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Observations: unframed condition
Users assumed diverse positions, dispersed around the column to assume an active role
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Observations: framed condition
Significant association between frame and whether users assumed a central position
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Observations: framed condition
Nested behaviors: Users reposition themselves when starting to interact
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Observations: pairs and groups
Unframed condition: comfortable distances between users
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Framed condition: Conflicts when interacting in front of the same frame
- r cooperating between
neighboring frames
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Observations: pairs and groups
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Interviews
Out of 79 interviewees
symbolic image
– most assumed purpose – was entertainment – most could reproduce – detailed functionality – only 1 recalled the – presence of the frames
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Interpretation
Columns / Framedness / Seamlessness
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Framedness significantly influences user positioning
around more complex display shapes
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The basic shape should not be considered in isolation
when designing for new display shapes
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Blindness for the Frames
?
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Advantages or otherwise
POSITIONING USERS use frames CLOSE-BY INTERACTION avoid frames REGULATING DISTANCE use or avoid frames MAXIMIZING USERS avoid frames
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Seamless displays: more options
Virtual frames already performed well to draw users to a position
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Outlook: visual moderation
Actively shaping the audience by dynamically employing virtual frames?
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Discussion
gilbert.beyer@ifi.lmu.de