Southland Changes 11.50am - 12.45pm Day 1 Gore Brief History Early - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Southland Changes 11.50am - 12.45pm Day 1 Gore Brief History Early - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 06, 2024 244 likes •668 views

Southland Changes 11.50am - 12.45pm Day 1 Gore Brief History Early Mori burning to encourage edible plants and make travel easier European settlers deforested vast areas, attempted to tame the land 1860s gold rush Sediment

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Southland Changes

11.50am - 12.45pm Day 1 – Gore

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Brief History

Early Māori – burning to encourage edible plants and make travel easier European settlers – deforested vast areas, attempted to ‘tame’ the land 1860s – gold rush 1882- Dunedin shipping frozen meat 1966-1975 – NZs first regional water quality classification system 1949 – aerial topdressing of superphosphate 1982 – urea plant opened in Taranaki 1972 – basic 2-pond effluent treatment systems 1930s – “breaking in” of hill country

Sediment Factory wastes Pathogens - typhoid Sediment with increased phosphorus Longer grass growing season supports intensification and expansion of dairy farming

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Wheat loading, Waimea Plains ~1899 Canton Village late 1880s Riverton Mataura’s first (shortlived) bridge, 1913

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Colonist, 18 August 1883 These modest tents were the only facilities for treating a typhoid outbreak in Te Urewera in 1924. Typhoid fever was always a threat in remote localities that lacked reliable means for separating water supply and human waste.

Alexander Turnbull Library, Sister Annie Henry Collection (PAColl-6098). Reference:1/2-030884

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Deforestation

McGlone (2004)

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Wetland loss

2015 date?

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Brief Planning History

1900s – Dept. of Public Health established 1953 – Pollution Advisory Council created 1969 – “Save the Manapouri” campaign starts 1984 – economic restructuring and major Invercargill flood 1967 – National Water and Soil Conservation Authority established

Factory wastes Pathogens Growth of environmental awareness More robust regulation developed

1991 – Resource Management Act 2011 – NPS Freshwater Mgmt.

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Regional Changes

1919 – Southland Electric Power Board formed

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River cuts and flood channels

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1984: Upheaval

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1996

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1997

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1998

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1999

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2000

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2001

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2002

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2003

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2004

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2005

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2006

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2007

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2008

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2009

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2010

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2011

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2012

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2013

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2014

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2015

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2016

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Engaged communities

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Mataura Catchment

“…The Mataura River is fully committed carrying a full load of trade and human wastes out to sea. This situation has developed in an area where it is

  • ur proud boast that we have ample rainfall, fairly evenly spread over the year.

The worst feature of this is that as yet only a handful of people are aware of this situation and even fewer are concerned about it”.

Dugald McKenzie in his 1977 presidential address to the Catchment Authorities’ Association

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  • 1925 Water supply opened
  • 1973 & 1982 Wastewater

treatment schemes established

  • 1984 Mataura WCO applications
  • 1997 WCO come into force

2013 - Matāura River Art Project

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  • What do we monitor where?
  • What do the results tell us?
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Types of monitoring programmes

  • Long-term (state of the environment)

– Required under the RMA – Sites selected to represent broader areas

  • Investigations

– Target specific activities or catchment pressure points – Shorter duration

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What do we monitor?

Macroinvertebrates (insects, worms and snails) Fish Microbial indicators (pathogens) Periphyton (slime algae) including cyanobacteria Estuaries Broad & fine scale monitoring Physical and chemical characteristics of water

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Where and how often?

Sites: Mataura River 200m d/s Mataura Bridge Mimihau Stream Trib at Venlaw Forest Mimihau Stream at Wyndham Mokoreta River at Wyndham River Road Oteramika Stream at Seaward Downs Mataura River at Mataura Island Bridge Long-term monthly water quality monitoring began 1996 Biomonitoring mostly occurs annually