Solar Cells using Carbon Nanotubes Mark Bissett, Lachlan Larsen, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Solar Cells using Carbon Nanotubes Mark Bissett, Lachlan Larsen, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 14, 2023 166 likes •672 views

Solar Cells using Carbon Nanotubes Mark Bissett, Lachlan Larsen, Daniel Tune, Ben Flavel Ingo Kper, Jamie Quinton, Joe Shapter School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Adelaide,

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SLIDE 1

Solar Cells using Carbon Nanotubes

Mark Bissett, Lachlan Larsen, Daniel Tune, Ben Flavel Ingo Köper, Jamie Quinton, Joe Shapter School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University

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SLIDE 2

Adelaide, the Capital of the State of South Australia, offers a very high standard of living (top 6 in the world according to ―The Economist‖), with a multicultural ambience, a great climate, beautiful unspoiled nature, and beach environments, in an inexpensive setting.

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SLIDE 3

Some Possible Applications

New Solar Cells

  • M. A. Bissett and Joseph G. Shapter J. Physical Chemistry C 114, 6778–6783 (2010).
  • C. J. Shearer et al. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2008. 18: p. 5753 – 5760.

Daniel D. Tune et al. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 (10) 1665-1672 (2010). Kristina T. Constantopoulos et al. Advanced Materials 22 557-571 (2010). Leo Velleman et al. Journal of Membrane Science 328 121-126 (2009).

Filtration/ Desalination

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Current Density (mA/cm2) Applied Field (V/mm)

Field Emission

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SLIDE 4

Richard Smalley’s View

Problems to be solved

  • 1. Energy
  • 2. Water
  • 3. Food
  • 4. Environment
  • 5. Poverty
  • 6. Terrorism and war
  • 7. Disease
  • 8. Education
  • 9. Democracy
  • 10. Population

Richard E. Smalley, ―Future Global Energy Prosperity: The Terawatt Challenge‖ MRS Bulletin 30 412 – 417 (2005). Frontiers of Materials Research presentation given on December 2, 2004.

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SLIDE 5

Possible Energy Sources

Hydroelectric Solar (PV, Collectors, etc.) Tidal or Wave Geothermal Biofuels Wind Fossil Fuels Nuclear

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SLIDE 6

Photovoltaic Approaches

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SLIDE 7

Dye Solar Cells

Kongkanand et al. Nano Lett. 7, 676 (2007)

  • P. Calandra et al. Int. J. Photoenergy 109495 2010.
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SLIDE 8

Nanotube Modification Chemistry N3 Dye or Porphyrin

  • J. Yu et al. JACS 130 8788–96 (2008).
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SLIDE 9

Dendrimer Chemistry

  • B. F. Pan et al., Nanotechnology 2006, 17 (10), 2483-2489.
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SLIDE 10

Solar Cell Output Dendrimer System

  • M. Bissett et al. PCCP 13 6059–6064 (2011).
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SLIDE 11

Composition of the Working Electrode

  • A layer of dibenzo[b,def]chrysene (DBC) was deposited onto

the SWCNT/FTO electrode.

  • Why DBC?

– It is photoactive – It has a conjugated electron system

  • Therefore should π- π stack well with the SWCNTs

already on the electrode

  • with Scott Watkins, CSIRO

DBC

  • L. Larsen et al. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 235 72-76 (2012).
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SLIDE 12

Performance of a DBC/SWCNT/FTO Electrode

Effects: Large increases in VOC, JSC, FF and efficiency. The efficiency has increased by 25× that of a standard electrolyte cell. DBC

  • L. Larsen et al. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 235 72-76 (2012).
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SLIDE 13

Performance of a DBC/SWCNT/FTO Electrode

  • L. Larsen et al. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 235 72-76 (2012).
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SLIDE 14

New Solar Cell Architecture

steel nanotube film Ti/Au front electrode SiOx n-silicon GaIn eutectic

AM1.5G

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SLIDE 15

New Solar Cell Architecture

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SLIDE 16

Nanotube Membranes

Compress at 100ºC for 30 mins then acetone bath to remove MCE membrane Remove excess MCE membrane

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SLIDE 17

Solar Cells

  • 20
  • 18
  • 16
  • 14
  • 12
  • 10
  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

as prepared Treatment RS (Ω/□) VOC (V) JSC (mA/cm2) as prepared 490 0.23 5.9

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

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SLIDE 18

Solar Cells

  • 20
  • 18
  • 16
  • 14
  • 12
  • 10
  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

as prepared HF Treatment RS (Ω/□) VOC (V) JSC (mA/cm2) as prepared 490 0.23 5.9 HF 90 0.15 1.8

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

film post treatment

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SLIDE 19

Solar Cells

  • 20
  • 18
  • 16
  • 14
  • 12
  • 10
  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

as prepared HF SOCl2 Treatment RS (Ω/□) VOC (V) JSC (mA/cm2) as prepared 490 0.23 5.9 HF 90 0.15 1.8 SOCl2 130 0.15 2.0

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

film post treatment

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SLIDE 20

Solar Cells

  • 20
  • 18
  • 16
  • 14
  • 12
  • 10
  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

as prepared HF SOCl2 HF Treatment RS (Ω/□) VOC (V) JSC (mA/cm2) as prepared 490 0.23 5.9 HF 90 0.15 1.8 SOCl2 130 0.15 2.0 HF 45 0.35 16.6

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

film post treatment

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SLIDE 21

Solar Cells

  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

2.5 uL 10 uL 20 uL 40 uL 80 uL 100 uL 120 uL

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

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SLIDE 22

Solar Cells

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 5 10 15 20 25 50 100 150

Open circuit voltage (V) Short circuit current density (mA/cm2) mL of nanotube solution

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

50 100 150

Sheet resistance (Ω/□) Abs @ 550 nm mL of nanotube solution

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SLIDE 23

Solar Cells

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 50 100 150 200 250 300

FF & VOC (V) JSC (mA/cm2) & efficiency (%) Gold thickness (nm)

JSC Eff% VOC FF

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

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SLIDE 24

Solar Cells

1

Silicon – 0.08 cm2 SWNTs – 0.18 cm2

Hu, L., et al., Percolation in Transparent and Conducting Carbon Nanotube Networks. Nano Letters, 2004. 4(12): p. 2513-2517

  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

1 - 5.7%

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

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SLIDE 25

Solar Cells

1 2

Silicon – 0.08 cm2 SWNTs – 0.18 cm2 Silicon – 0.08 cm2 SWNTs – 0.32 cm2

Hu, L., et al., Percolation in Transparent and Conducting Carbon Nanotube Networks. Nano Letters, 2004. 4(12): p. 2513-2517

  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

1 - 5.7% 2 - 8.9%

nanotube film Ti/Au SiOx n-Si GaIn

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SLIDE 26

Solar Cells

1 2 3

Silicon – 0.08 cm2 SWNTs – 0.18 cm2 Silicon – 0.08 cm2 SWNTs – 0.32 cm2 Silicon – 0.08 cm2 SWNTs – 0.49 cm2

Hu, L., et al., Percolation in Transparent and Conducting Carbon Nanotube Networks. Nano Letters, 2004. 4(12): p. 2513-2517

  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2) Voltage (V)

1 - 5.7% 2 - 8.9% 3 - 5.6%

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SLIDE 27

Solar Cells

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SLIDE 28

Solar Cells—Latest Design

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SLIDE 29

Solar Cells—Latest Design

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany
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SLIDE 30

UV-Vis Sorted Nanotubes

S22 M11 with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany
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SLIDE 31

CNT-Polymer Solar Cell

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany

Bachilo, S.M., et al., Structure-Assigned Optical Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Science, 2002. 298(5602):

  • p. 2361-2366
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SLIDE 32

CNT-Polymer Solar Cell

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany
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SLIDE 33

CNT-Polymer Solar Cell

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

unsorted - 2.9% enriched - 4.8%

  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Current density (mA/cm2)

unsorted - 0.07% enriched - 0.12%

Voltage (V)

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SLIDE 34

What’s Next

Nanotubes can be used to make effective solar cells. They could lead to transparent flexible solar cells. Type of nanotube used will be important. Work is continuing to find ways to increase performance. Thanks to the ARC, AMMRF, ARNAM, ARCNN, ANFF, Flinders for Funding

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SLIDE 35

Providing nano and micro-fabrication facilities for Australia’s researchers

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SLIDE 36

Polymer Solar Cell

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany
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SLIDE 37

CNT-Polymer Solar Cell

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany

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SLIDE 38

Nanotube Attachment

Mark A. Bissett and Joseph G. Shapter Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158 K53 - K57 (2011).

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SLIDE 39

Nanotube PV Response

Mark A. Bissett and Joseph G. Shapter J. Physical Chemistry C 114, 6778–6783 (2010).

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SLIDE 40

Solar Cell Output—N3 Cells

Mark A. Bissett and Joseph G. Shapter Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158 K53 - K57 (2011).

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SLIDE 41

Solar Cell Output—Comparison

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SLIDE 42

Dendrimer Chemistry

O O H2N NH2 N N O O CH3 O O CH3 Ethylenediamine Methyl Acrylate

+

O O H3C O O H3C G-0.5 PAMAM Dendrimer

  • M. Bissett et al. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13 6059–6064 (2011).
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SLIDE 43

Dendrimer Chemistry

  • M. Bissett et al. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13 6059–6064 (2011).
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SLIDE 44

Multilayer Deposition

  • D. Tune et al. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 1665-1672 (2010).
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SLIDE 45

Multilayer Deposition

  • D. Tune et al. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 1665-1672

(2010).

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SLIDE 46

Multilayer Deposition

  • D. Tune et al. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 1665-1672 (2010).
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SLIDE 47

Solar Cells

e-

h+ n-type silicon p-type nanotube membrane

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SLIDE 48

Solar Cells

Polymer Solar Cell

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany
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SLIDE 49

UV-Vis Unsorted Nanotubes

S22 M11

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SLIDE 50

CNT-Polymer Solar Cell

with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute

  • f Technology (KIT), Germany