Soil Health for Landowners Jamie Patton Senior Outreach Specialist - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Soil Health for Landowners Jamie Patton Senior Outreach Specialist - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 23, 2022 100 likes •466 views

Soil Health for Landowners Jamie Patton Senior Outreach Specialist Nutrient and Pest Management Program University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin - Extension In a Brief 30 Minutes Provide a basic understanding of: The

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Soil Health for Landowners

Jamie Patton

Senior Outreach Specialist

Nutrient and Pest Management Program University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin - Extension

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In a Brief 30 Minutes…

  • Provide a basic understanding of:
  • The soil health concept
  • Soil health’s impact on agricultural productivity
  • How to promote soil health on your land

https://www.travelwisconsin.com/statewide-regional-associations/driftless-wisconsin-196226

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Soils are pre-Illinoian… >790,000 years old Maintained diverse and productive ecosystems without management through European settlement

https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/office/ssr12/?cid=nrcs141p2_030655 https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/parks-recreation/natural-resources/environmental-education/como-woodland-outdoor-11

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What is Soil Health?

…continued capacity of soil to function as a vital

living ecosystem

that sustains plants, animals, and humans

https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/#:~:text=Soil%20health%2C%20also%20referred%20to,are%20sustainable%20for%20future%20generations https://www.gardenmyths.com/soil-microbes-need-to-add-them-garden/.

Soil is alive. To stay alive, it needs food, water, air, and shelter…

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We Need Healthy Soils

A healthy soil…

Provides plant WANTS Grows sufficient and nutritious food and feed Supports clean water and air Provides suitable habitat Reduces the need for inputs

https://www.dirt-to-dinner.com/soil-microbes-in-the-spotlight/

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Agricultural Soils

  • Agriculture systems often do not…
  • Maintain continuous cover
  • Maintain live plants all year round
  • Include diverse plants
  • Include soil disturbances

Food, water, air and shelter?

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Healthy Soils

  • Healthy agricultural soils have…
  • Increasing or stable SOM levels
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https://www.pitchcare.com/news-media/soil-organic-matter-is-good.html

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Soil Organic Matter

It’s estimated 1% organic matter contains…

1000 lbs N 100 lbs P 100 lbs K 100 lbs S 1000 lbs @ $.40 = $400 100 lbs @ $.40 = $40 100 lbs @ $.30 = $30 100 lbs @ $.60 = $60 $530/ 1% SOM

UNDERSTANDING SOIL MICROBES AND NUTRIENT RECYCLING James J. Hoorman, Rafiq Islam, http://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/SAG-16

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Soil Organic Matter

1+ day 3+ days 4 to 5 days 6 to 8 days 7 to 10 days 1 5 4 3 2

Additional Days of Plant Available Water

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Soil Organic Matter

1% SOM = ~1.5 days of water Up to 7% yield loss with 4 days of water deficit 170 bu/A * 7% = 12 bu/A $4/bu 1% = $48/A per water stress event?

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https://www.sare.org/Le arning- Center/Bulletins/Cover- Crop-Economics

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What is your SOM?

SOM loss is EASY… Gains take time!

You can monitor SOM levels using your NMP…

  • Routing soil tests
  • Soil Conditioning Index
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SnapPlus Soil Conservation Report

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Crop Rotation and Tillage Impacts on SOM

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Crop Rotation and Tillage Impacts on SOM

Simulation ran with 6% slope…Impacts are greater on steeper slopes!

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Healthy Soils

  • Healthy agricultural soils have…
  • Increasing/stable SOM
  • Signs of life
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How fast does the crop residue decompose? How does the soil smell? How many earthworms are in a shovel of soil?

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Healthy Soils

  • Healthy agricultural soils have…
  • Increasing/stable SOM
  • Signs of life
  • Limited compaction
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–

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http://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/state/2016/10/19/advisory-given-dealing-field-ruts/92404378/

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What impact does soil compaction have on soil and plant function?

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Compaction can cause 25 to 50% yield loss 170 bu/A * 25% * $4/bu = $170/A Increase tillage costs by 35% 2 pass * $16/pass = $32/A 35% increase = $11.20/A

Raghavan, GSV, Alvo, P, and McKyes, E. 1990. Soil Compaction in Agriculture: A View Toward Managing the Problem. In: Advances in Soil Science: Soil Degradation. Lal, R and Stewart, BA, editors. Springer, NY

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Losses Persist…

Hakansson, I. and R. C. Reeder. 1994. “Subsoil compaction by vehicles with high axle load—extent, persistence, and crop response.” Soil Tillage Research 29:277–304

Assuming 170 bu/A corn @ $4/bu Cumulative loss over 10 years – 120 bu/A – $480/A Sustained loss – 5 bu/A/yr – $20/A/yr

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Healthy Soils

  • Healthy agricultural soils have…
  • Increasing/stable SOM
  • Signs of life
  • Little compaction
  • High water infiltration rates
  • Little erosion
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Permanent Vegetation 10.6 in/hr Corn-Soybeans-Wheat 3.9 in/hr Water Infiltration – Spring 2015

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Permanent Vegetation 6.7 inches less potential runoff More plant available water Less erosion 1/10th inch runoff may start erosion

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Permanent Vegetation 97% Corn-Soybean-Wheat 71%

Fall 2014 Aggregate Stability

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Assuming 1 acre to 1” at a bulk density of 1.33 Mg/m3 ~297,000 pounds of soil

26% more aggregate stability ~77,220 lbs less “loose” soil per acre ~ 39 tons per acre better protected from erosion

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Average 3 to 8 tons/A/yr loss in southern WI $7/ton lost yield and decreased water quality per year = $56/A/yr 3 to 7% decline in land value = $4000/A * 3% = $120/A/yr

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SnapPlus Soil Conservation Report

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Putting it all together – a FUZZY annual partial budget

  • 1% increase in organic matter
  • 3% mineralizes annually –

$530 x 0.03 = $10.60/A

  • Water holding capacity – $48/A
  • Biological activity
  • Priceless…
  • Less compaction
  • Yield conservation – $170/A
  • Tillage cost savings – $11.20/A
  • Less erosion
  • Yield conservation – $56/A
  • Land value preservation $120/A

Unaccounted for: Agronomic Weed control, forages, conservation of machinery/energy/man hours, resiliency, etc… Environmental Benefits Surface water quality and quantity, ground water quality and quantity, habitat protection, air quality, flood abatement, reduced sedimentation, etc…

$415.80/A/yr

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Soil Health Builds Resiliency

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https://twitter.com/USDA_NRCS/status/975756359214931968/photo/1

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Questions?

Jamie Patton

Senior Outreach Specialist Nutrient and Pest Management Program jjpatton2@wisc.edu (608) 807-8530