Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s Software Engineering - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s Software Engineering - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s Software Engineering for Embedded Systems Mohammad. Abdullah Al Faruque Talal Bonny CES - C hair for E mbedded S ystems (Prof. Dr. Jrg Henkel) Department of Computer Science University of Karlsruhe

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SLIDE 1 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS -2007/2008

Software Engineering for Embedded Systems

  • Mohammad. Abdullah Al Faruque
Talal Bonny CES - Chair for Embedded Systems (Prof. Dr. Jörg Henkel) Department of Computer Science University of Karlsruhe Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture)
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SLIDE 2 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture) Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 W hat is Softw are Engineering? Boehm : Software Engineering: The practical application of scientific knowledge in the design and construction of computer programs and the associated docum entation required to develop, operate, and maintain them. Dennis: Software engineering is the application of principles, skills, and art to the design and construction of programs and systems of programs.
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SLIDE 3 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 W hat is Softw are Engineering ( contd) ? Parnas: Software engineering is programming under at last one of the following two conditions: More than one person is involved in the construction and/or use of the programs, More than one version of the program will be produced. Fairley: Software engineering is the technological and m anagerial discipline concerned with the systematic production and maintenance of software products that are developed and modified on time and within cost estimates. Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 W hat is Softw are Engineering ( contd) ? Som erville: Software Engineering is concerned with building software systems which are large than would normally be tackled by a single individual, uses engineering principles in the development of these systems and is made up of both technical and non-technical aspects. Pom berger and Blaschek: Software engineering is the practical application of scientific knowledge for the economical production and use of high- quality softw are.
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SLIDE 4 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture) Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 W hat is an Em bedded System? Em bedded System = A computer system which is integrated into another system, the embedding system. The requirements for the embedded system must be derived from the requirements for the embedding system. Exam ples? Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH
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SLIDE 5 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Exam ples of Em bedding System s Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Em bedding system = product Examples:
  • Automotive Electronics
  • Avionics
  • Health Care Systems
Tw o Different Main Application Areas Em bedding system = production system Examples:
  • Manufacturing Control
  • Chemical Process Control
  • Logistics
Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH
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SLIDE 6 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Typical functionalities Measuring physical variables (sensing) Storing data Processing sensor signals and data Influencing physical variables (actuating) Monitoring Supervising Enable manual and automatic operation
  • In one word:
Control W hat are Em bedded System s doing? Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Interaction with physical environment Closed loop Malfunction may lead to damage No or very restricted human/computer interface No or very restricted maintenance possibilities Part of competitively priced products (high volumes) Tight resource constraints Often special hardware Part of engineering product High product generation frequency Often many variants I m plications for SW engineering? Differences to “Desktop“ Com puting?
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SLIDE 7 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture) Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Shift of developing effort of the Embedded Systems from the hardware to the software Rapid complexity rise of Embedded Software Very specific basic conditions/constraints, under which Embedded software is developed and operated Conventional software development methods cannot be used over so easily without adoption W hy SW Engineering for ES? Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow
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SLIDE 8 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Som e of m any reasons Specific characteristics of software Increasing quality requirements Increasing complexity of Software system Only unclear or obscure (not formal) specifications possible Semantics is very complex and it gives no mathematical support Users specify the problem Programmers interpret the specification and based on the specification they implement the program W hy is SW Engineering so Com plicated? Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Specific economic and organizational basic conditions with the production of embedded systems Mass production requires strictly savings with hardware resources Therefore little space for software abstraction that typically require/use more memory or computational power Because of surrounding environment and heterogeneity an integrated approach for system specification is required Specific Boundary Conditions/ Constraints for the Developm ent of Em bedded Softw are Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow
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SLIDE 9 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 High inter disciplinary basic knowledge as well as integrated development approach Meeting/Maintaining of real time requirements requires deterministic time performance Fast technological progress requires constant acquiring of new competence/expertise and qualifications Specific Boundary Conditions/ Constraints for the Developm ent of Em bedded Softw are Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Changing the focus of embedded systems from the hardware-centric development to a requirement-centered development Layer architectures for the uncoupling of hardware and software Concepts for the control of the timing behavior of complex distributed dynamically configurable systems Closing the significant technological and methodical gap between the existing procedures for the SW development embedded and other (enterprise) software Research Agenda Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow
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SLIDE 10 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Typical Course/ Progress of SW Project Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow The view from the different perspectives Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Study from 2001 of Forrester Research shows that only 16% of all more extensive SW development projects can meet the timing requirements One finds reports on missed or made too expensive projects again and again in the press Project Nivadis of the police of niedersächsischen Toll Collect Internet-job-exchange of the federal agency for work The fundamental problems and error are nearly always the same for the projects! Typical Course/ Progress of SW Project Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow
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SLIDE 11 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Insufficient definition of the goals of the project Missing knowledge about the business and the organization
  • f the client
Missing IT strategy or going in a wrong direction/aims for the wrong goal Absence of a constant IT architecture Bad plannings with resources Additional requests and inputs Too less self explanation and less precision I m portant Factors for the Failure of a SW Project Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Missing Management Expertise Insufficient technical abilities and knowledge Missing “Soft Skills“ (group leadership, good presentation …) Dogm atism (rigid holding on fixed IT stretegies, development environments, programming languages, etc…) No Acceptance and integration in the enterprise (From the company who needs the softaware) I m portant Factors for the Failure of a SW Project Source: Dr.-Ing. M. Syrjakow
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SLIDE 12 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture) Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 A process m odel Structures the development and maintenance process into distinguishable steps Defines w ork products of the steps Specifies the possible sequences and repetitions of the steps Defines roles for the participants of the development and maintenance process and their responsibilities Process Models
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SLIDE 13 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Exam ples:
  • V Model
  • Waterfall
  • Spiral
  • XP
In the embedded systems industries, the most popular process model is the V m odel Process Models Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture)
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SLIDE 14 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 V Model Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture)
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SLIDE 15 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Objective: Determine and document the required functionality and properties of the system (W hat and how good, not how ) Determine and document how the achievement of the functionality and properties can be validated or measured, i.e. the test cases for the acceptance test
  • Results:
  • Specification document
  • Acceptance test plan
  • Possibly first version of system manual
Requirem ents Analysis Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Definition of Software Engineering Embedded Systems at a Glance Embedded Software and Different Issues Related to Software Engineering Process Models Detail Description of V Model
  • Requirement Analysis
  • Example: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
  • Requirement Engineering
  • How to Do Requirement Analysis
  • Analysis of Functional Requirements
  • Quality Analysis
  • Architecture Design
Waterfall Model Spiral Model Rational Unified Process (RUP) Extreme Programming (XP) Lecture Contents ( Big Picture)
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SLIDE 16 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Exam ple: Adaptive Cruise Control ( ACC) Context: Car Periphery Supervision Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Exam ple ( ACC) : Funtionality
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SLIDE 17 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Exam ple ( ACC) : User I nterface Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Exam ple ( ACC) : Sensor
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SLIDE 18 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Exam ple ( ACC) : Sensor/ 2 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Exam ple ( ACC) : Sensor/ 3
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SLIDE 19 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 ACC shall detect vehicles in front of the car in a distance from 0 to 120 meters and in an angle of +/- 4° relativ to the centerline of the car. ACC shall determine the velocity of detected vehicles If the road is free, ACC will keep the car at a specified cruise velocity. If a slower vehicle is in front of the car, ACC will reduce speed until a specified distance to the front vehicle is
  • achieved. ACC will then keep the distance constant until the
car either vanishes or accelerates above the specified cruise velocity. ACC can be activated between 30 and 180 km/h. Requirem ents for ACC / 1 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 In distance control mode, deviations from the reference distance must not exceed 5% for more than 2 seconds assuming a maximal accelaration or decelaration of the front vehicle of 0.5 g. The distance control algorithm shall be a PI (Proportional- Integral-acting Controller ) controller. If ACC is malfunctioning, it has to switch off automatically and indicate by a red light and a short beep that it is out of
  • service. It must never indicate a safe distance to the front
vehicle when this is not the case. ACC must not be out of function for more than 10e-7 hours per year of operation time. Distance and cruise speed selections must be well readable for the driver. Requirem ents for ACC / 2 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH
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SLIDE 20 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008 Speed and direction angle information are provided by the ESP system via the CAN (Controller Area Network) bus. For customer A, the ACC software has to run on a Motorola
  • MPC4200. Customer B wants to integrate the ACC software
into his already existing engine control unit. Manufacturer A wants a 77 Ghz radar sensor, manufacturer B an infrared sensor, manufacturer C wants to combine radar and video information. Marketing plans to offer ACC Stop & Go with an additional 24 GHz short range radar sensor for next year. Requirem ents for ACC / 3 Source: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Kowalewshi, RWTH Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008

Literature

  • Klaus Bender: Embedded Systems - qualitätsorientierte
Entwicklung; Springer-verlag, 2004.
  • D. Simon: An Embedded Software Primer; Addison-
Wesley, 1999.
  • http://www-i11.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/
  • http://www-i3.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/
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SLIDE 21 Universität Karlsruhe ( TH)

Softw are Engineering for Em bedded System s

Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque Chair for Em bedded System s WS 2007/2008

End Of the Lecture 1