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Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community Emily YY Chan, Po Yi lee, William Goggins & Calvin KY Cheng

JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability. Chinese University of Hong Kong Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response.

3rd November 2013

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

CUHK climate change and health study team

Aims:

• Produce scientific evidence to advance the global

understanding of the health impact of climate change in Asian metropolitans

• To enhance community capacity to mitigate the adverse

human health impact of climate change

Source:

• 1. UNDP Human Development Report 2006
• 2. Hong Kong Observatory

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

CUHK climate change and health study team

• 1. Climate change and

health modeling

(Led by Professor Bill Goggins)

• 2. Climate change and

behavior

(Led by Professor Emily Chan)

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Effect of Temperature Rise

HEAT EXHAUSTION HEAT STROKE HEAT EXHAUSTION HEAT STROKE LESS COLD- RELATED DEATHS LESS COLD- RELATED DEATHS MALNUTRITION HUNGER STARVATION MALNUTRITION HUNGER STARVATION ALLERGIES & AIRWAY DISEASES ALLERGIES & AIRWAY DISEASES VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS

e.g. Malaria, Dengue fever

TEMPERATURE RISE

HEAT STRESS URBAN HEAT ISLAND

LESS COLD DAYS &COLD NIGHTS

DECREASE GROWING SEASON FOOD SHORTAGE

INCREASE GROWING SEASON RELEASE POLLENS ETC. MORE HABITAT FOR VECTORS MORE VECTORS FOR TRANSMISSION Source: Atlas of Health and Climate. World Health Organization. 2010

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Study Background : Public Temperature Warning

Source:

• 1. Bassil KL, Cole DC. Effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing morbidity and mortality during heat episodes: a structured review. Int. J.
• Environ. Res. Public Health. 2010;7(3):991–1001
• 2. IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Available at:

http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_synthesis_report.htm. Accessed October 30, 2013.

• 3. Cold and Very Hot Weather Warnings. Available at: http://www.weather.gov.hk/wservice/warning/coldhot.htm. Accessed September 23, 2013.
• 4. Chan EYY, Goggins WB, Kim JJ, Griffiths SM. A study of intracity variation of temperature-related mortality and socioeconomic status among the

Chinese population in Hong Kong. J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 2012;66(4):322–7.

• Climate change: increasing risk of heat-related

morbidity and mortality

• The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) introduced “Very

Hot Weather Warning” since 2000

• Hot weather warning might help to reduce heat-

related mortality for vulnerable groups in Hong Kong

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Research Gaps

• Very few current literature about community

sensitivity and behavioral responses to weather warnings exist

• Public awareness and sensitivity towards heat

weather warnings in HK community has not been examined in previous

Source: Sheridan SC. A survey of public perception and response to heat warnings across four North American cities: an evaluation

• f municipal effectiveness. International Journal of Biometeorology 2007; 52:3-15

Wong TF, Yan YY. Perception of severe weather warnings in Hong Kong. Meteorological Applications 2006; 9(3): 377-382. Silver A, Conrad C. Public perception of and response to severe weather warnings in Nova Scotia, Canada. Meteorological Applications 2010; 17:173-179

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Research Questions

• What are the socio-demographic predictors that

associate with the awareness of heat weather warnings?

• What are the relationship of individual health risk

perception and related behaviors that mitigate the impact of hot weather?

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Study Design

• Population-based, cross-sectional, random telephone

survey

• 48 closed-ended questions
• Last birthday sampling method
• Conducted in September 2009

(two weeks after a period with 8 consecutive days of hot weather warning in effect)

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Study Population

• Land-based non-institutional population, including

domestic workers

• Inclusion criteria: Hong Kong residents aged above 18
• Exclusion criteria: two-way permit holders from

mainland & other visitors

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Analysis

• Descriptive analysis for socio-demographic data
• Multiple logistic regression to determine

predictors for sensitivity towards heat weather warning

• Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05
• Model:

where: Y =heat warning sensitive

age+sex+education+marital status+chronic illness+having <11yr child

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Results: Study Flow

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Characteristics of the respondents Student population (n=1,123) HK mid-2009 population census (N = 7.0 million) Gender Male 35.2% 47.1% Female 64.8% 52.9% Age 18-29 24.3% 20.0% 30-39 12.3% 19.0% 40-49 19.1% 21.6% 50-59 20.8% 18.5% >60 23.5% 20.9% Education No education/ pre-primary 5.5% 5.3% Primary school 16.6% 17.0% Secondary school 54.5% 52.2% Post-secondary 23.4% 25.4% Marital status Single 32.7% NA Married 64.3% NA Divorced/ Separated 1.2% NA Widowed 2.0% NA

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

42% 58%

Warning insensitive n=183

34% 66%

Warning sensitive n=939

9% 12% 53% 26%

n=176

5% 17% 55% 23%

n=916

Characteristics

Male Female

No education/ preprimary Primary Secondary Post-secondary

Gender Education level

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Characteristics

18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >60

Age (year) Marital status

41% 11% 10% 12% 26%

Warning insensitive n=176

21% 12% 21% 23% 23%

Warning sensitive n=925

48% 46% 1% 5%

n=179

30% 68% 1% 1%

n=935

Single Married Divorced/Separated Widowed

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Descriptive analysis

• Television (77.6%) & radio (12.9%): main channels to

get the hot weather-related information

• Only 25% of respondents were satisfied with the

warning information provided by the HKO

• 95% (n=939) respondents did not look for further

health and weather-related information after warning hoisted

– Believed information are not important (48.2%) – Too busy to pick up the information (20.3%)

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Socio-demographic Predictors

Odd Ratio and 95% CI Female are more sensitive to the warning

n=395 n=727 n=754 n=368 n=898 n=211 n=840 n=209

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Socio-demographic Predictors

Age Education level Odd Ratio and 95% CI Older age and people with higher education level are more sensitive to the warning

n=268 n=135 n=229 n=210 n=259 n=60 n=182 n=597 n=256

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Discussion

• Female, older age group & people with higher

education were significant socio-demographic predictors of sensitive to heat weather warning

– coincided with Wong and Yan (HK) about perceptions of tropical cyclone and rainstorm warning

Source: Wong TF, Yan YY. Perception of severe weather warnings in Hong Kong. Meteorological Applications 2006; 9(3): 377-382.

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Discussion

• Majority (83.7%) of the respondents aware of the

warning , very few (5.0%) had undertaken subsequent actions for health risk reduction (reduce sport activities & social interaction etc)

– Lacking of health message when the warning was hoisted? – People did not take the warning seriously? (N. America)

Source: Sheridan SC. A survey of public perception and response to heat warnings across four North American cities: an evaluation

• f municipal effectiveness. International Journal of Biometeorology 2007; 52:3-15.

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Discussion

• Young people are less warning-sensitive -> high risk as

they are active and having more outdoor activities

• People with chronic diseases did not significantly

adopt preventive measures during hot days -> High risk (eg. diabetes) with poor thermoregulations

– In contrast with Kosatsky et al. (Canada)

Source: Kosatsky T, Dufresne J, Richid L, Renouf A, Giannetti N, Bourbeau J. Julien M, Braidy J, Sauve C. Heat awareness and response among Montreal residents with chronic cardiac and pulmonary disease. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2009; 100(3): 237-240.

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Discussion

• Mass media are the main channels to get the hot

weather-related information

• Special risk communication strategies should be made

for poor and vulnerable groups (homeless and isolated elderly)

– no regular access of health information from mass media

Source: Silver A, Conrad C. Public perception of and response to severe weather warnings in Nova Scotia, Canada. Meteorological Applications 2010; 17:173-179

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Limitations

• Recall bias of heat weather warning events

– Acceptable for a 2-week recall period

• Telephone survey miss out households who do not

possess a land-based telephone service (sampling bias)

– Generalisability was affirmed by compared with the 2009 population census data (gender, age, education level and area of residence)

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Summary

• Vast majority of people in Hong Kong aware of the “Very Hot

Weather Warning” by HKO

• Few of them reported responding to the warning or changing

their behavior to mitigate the effect of hot weather

• Public health policies and programs may target existing gaps in

risk perception, knowledge, and behavior, as well as weather- related preparedness planning

• Public education with the tailor-made heat-related health

information could be useful

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Further works

• Identify effective ways to communicate health risk with general

population beside mass media

• Examine the correlations between awareness and health

protective actions

• Understand the motivation that make people to change their

health risk behavior

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Thank you

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

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Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

2008 Cold wave in Hong Kong estimated excess mortality = 882 or about 12 per 100,000 population. Estimate 19% (95% CI:15-23%) increase in deaths from cold wave corresponds to about 882 total excess deaths relative to seasonal norms adjusting for trend, flu and pollutants. 2003 SARS epidemic = 299 HK deaths. 2003 French heat wave = 15,000 (23 per 100,000). Stronger effect for those who are: Older, Deaths from causes other than cancer

• Overall we estimate a 10C drop below 240C for the period from 1998-2008 in mean

temperatures including delayed effects was associated with a 3% increase in natural deaths.

低溫 Cold Temperature

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Characteristics of the respondents Not warning sensitive (%) Warning sensitive (%) P-value not vs do warning sensitive Gender n=183 n=939 Male 42.1% 33.9%

0.033

Female 57.9% 66.1% Age n=176 n=925 18-29 40.9% 21.2% 0.000 30-39 11.4% 12.4% 0.616 40-49 10.2% 20.8% 0.001 50-59 11.9% 22.5% 0.001 >60 25.6% 23.1% 0.597 Education n=178 n=916 No education/ pre-primary 9.0% 4.8% 0.026 Primary school 12.4% 17.5% 0.092 Secondary school 52.8% 54.8% 0.603 Post-secondary 25.8% 22.9% 0.414 Marital status n=179 n=935 Single 49.4% 29.6% 0.000 Married 46.6% 67.7% 0.000 Divorced/ Separated 0.57% 1.3% 0.398 Widowed 5.2% 1.4%% 0.002

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Health-related behavior during hot weather (>28.20C)

Not warning sensitive (n= 183) (%) Warning sensitive (n=939) (%) P-value not vs do warning sensitive Total% (n=1,122) Amount of sports-related activities Increase Decrease Not affected 5.5% 43.2% 51.4% 4.3% 46.5% 49.1% 0.470 0.403 0.574 4.5% 46.0% 49.5% Amount of social interaction Increase Decrease Not affected 1.6% 30.1% 68.3% 2.0% 36.1% 61.7% 0.732 0.117 0.089 2.0% 35.1% 62.7% Mood & emotions Increase Decrease Not affected 2.2% 45.4% 51.9% 1.1% 50.2% 48.6% 0.211 0.234 0.407 1.2% 49.4% 49.1% Appetite Better Worse Not affected 2.2% 36.1% 61.7% 2.0% 45.4% 52.6% 0.887 0.020 0.023 2.0% 43.9% 54.1% Sleep quality Better Worse Not affected 3.3% 31.1% 65.6% 1.8% 31.8% 66.3% 0.200 0.853 0.840 2.0% 31.7% 66.2%

Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013. Chan EYY et al. Socio-demographic Predictors for Sensitivity and Behavior Modifications towards Public Temperature Warning in Urban Chinese Community. Presented on the 5th Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. 3 Nov 2013.

Socio-demographic predictors for sensitivity towards heat weather warnings Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confident interval) P-value Gender Male 1 Female 1.66 (1.05-2.63) 0.030 Age 18-29 1 30-39 2.11 (1.22-3.65) 0.007 40-49 3.92 (2.25-6.82) 0.000 50-59 3.64 (2.16-6.14) 0.000 60-69 2.81 (1.58-4.98) 0.000 70 or above 1.10 (0.67-1.83) 0.707 Education No education/ pre-primary 1 Primary school 2.54 (0.92-7.02) 0.072 Secondary school 3.60 (1.33-9.75) 0.012 Post-secondary 3.49 (1.11-10.96) 0.032 Marital status Not married 1 Married 1.36 (0.66-2.78) 0.405 Any 11 year old child No 1 Yes 0.65 (0.34-1.25) 0.196 Present of chronic illness No 1 Yes 0.75 (0.40-1.44) 0.754