SMART LOCAL ENERGY SYSTEMS: DEMONSTRATOR ReFLEX will develop and deliver a replicable community based Integrated Energy System demonstration project.
Project strategy (NK) Use novel localised power balancing mechanisms • alongside digital control to provide robust and responsive energy systems across the electricity, transport and heat networks. Develop a Virtual Power Plant to manage energy • flows in each of the three sectors. Use pre-financed and self-financed customer/user • infrastructure delivered through democratised business models.
Project location How has Orkney earned this opportunity? • Unique blend of natural resources (wind, wave, tide, oil, hydrogen, solar, heat…) • Vision: Oil 1970’s; Wind 1980’s; Marine 1990’s; Efficiency 2000’s; Hydrogen & Storage 2010’s; Integrated energy solutions 2020’s; Large scale developments 2020’s & 2030’s • Commitment: People, money, sites, demand, ideas • Knowledge & expertise: Unrivalled experience, facilities and cluster of experts & specialists • Willingness to share know-how and success
Orkney islands Electricity Electricity Domestic Buildings How we use energy now & in the future Coal LGP Now all renewables Electricity/ Kerosene biomass? Public admin Terrestrial Electrify more heating Commercial non-road Gas oil Agriculture & industrial transport Agriculture – it’ll come Diesel Road Agriculture EVs transport Next target: Make this green Petrol (EVs/hydrogen/synthetic diesel) Interisland ferries Marine gas oil Other marine transport Marine diesel oil Marine hydrogen/synthetic diesel Marine Ferry services Marine to the transport Heavy fuel oil mainland 4 Source: OREF 2014 Energy Audit by Aquatera (Note: excludes peat and air travel)
Micro-generation success story • Over 740 turbines installed –mostly private • Most turbines of any county in the UK • 1/9 th of UK’s domestic turbines (0.07% of UK’s solar) • Income to Orkney economy: >£4M/yr • Reducing money ‘lost’ • Squeezing more efficient ‘big wind’ off OREF runs a unique database on performance & faults 5
Electrical demand in Orkney met by renewables July 2008 First net export month 2013 First net export year April 2015 Last net import month 2018 =110% 6
Data monitoring Real time - SSE Summary by OREF members Time series
Data monitoring - generation Curtailment events Curtailment Intelligence
Combatting Curtailment Early technical trials
Changing electricity use - EVs Cars • Now >210 vehicles in the county • 1 bus + ATVs • 12 pairs of FAST chargers, 4 RAPID chargers • 2018-2023 EV strategy in place • Highest % uptake in Scotland OREF data base shows • >2/3 of charging is done at home • 80% have a private charger • Average mileage of EVs studied = ~24 miles/day • Electricity use for vehicles ~ 7-9kWh /day/car • If average speed is 30mph then cars are in use 1 hour/day 10
Wealth distribution? How many people in Orkney benefit directly from generating energy? 300 people employed in the renewable sector 500 householders with micro wind turbines installed 400 homes with solar and heat pump technology installed £ 8 large scale community turbines sites directly linked to >1000 households; 40 local investors in two locally owned schemes 210 electric cars running locally Consequently there are likely to be ~700 ‘enterprises’ and 2000 or 20% of households that have a direct link with and benefit from renewables 11
Multi vector system -> multiple demonstration scenarios Electricity National Use Local Authority Grid Wave Hydrogen Electricity Tidal Transport Diesel/Kero. Batteries Wind Bio-tech Solar Ammonia Fertiliser Heat Agriculture Heat Buildings Key Yellow = input System Control/Integration Blue = vector Green = final use
Delivering ambitious targets Orkney Sustainable Energy Strategy targets Now ReFLEX 2030 2050 Renewables generation of electricity 120% 300% Total energy demand 250 MW 200 MW Electricity demand 25MW 50% Energy storage and commoditisation capacity 2 MW 600 MW Carbon Decarbonised energy use 10% 50% free economy! Installed capacity (within 50 nm) 60 MW 600MW Households in fuel poverty >60% <20% Jobs related to sustainable energy 300 600 Students studying energy in Orkney 35 100
Strategic alignment
Wider Project Team Company Core Personnel Wider Team Suppliers 7 6 10 2 8 6 7 2 5 7 9 1 4 4 50 28
WP2 – Virtual Energy System (GD) Grid upgrades Grid upgrades or or Starts with detailed Orkney management management Energy Audit: • Refresh Storage and Storage and Solutions Solutions Increasing Increasing • Remodel to live system of Demand side Demand side demand demand ( ReFLEX) ( ReFLEX) energy input and output management management • Link to VES and Energy systems modelling • New data Fuel switching Fuel switching from fossil fuel from fossil fuel to electricity to electricity
WP2 – Public engagement Orkney customers present Energy Have you considered switching Provider Energy Provider in the last 6 months? N Power 2% EDF Other Yes Scottish E.ON 3% 3% Power 4% 5% Scottish 7% Hydro Scottish No Power Scottish 96% E.ON Hydro 80% N Power Yes EDF Other No
WP2 – VES Toolbox Development H2 Fuel Cells Hydrogen Industrial Boilers FlexiHEAT FlexiGRID Battery (large) Heat Pumps Industrial Batteries (med) Virtual Domestic Energy System Thermal Domestic Storage Batteries (small) V2G Electric Electric / H2 Cold Hydrogen Chargers Vehicles Buses Ironing Ferries FlexiTRANS
Modelling of the system – HWU Data Forecasts • Data input • Dynamic Forecasting • Heat / transport / grid model Multi Vector/Agent Heat / Transport / Grid • Optimisation - Optimisation Models • Recommendations • Scenarios Energy Recommendations • Validation • Replication Scenarios Validation Replication Add a footer 19
WP3 – FlexiGrid
Domestic Technology Example Domestic Energy Storage Minimal grid import during peak hours • £6500 - £8000 installed cost Grid charging during • 13kWh storage capacity off-peak / peak local renewable generation • 3.68kW inverter
Domestic Technology Example Domestic Energy Storage Minimal grid import during peak hours • £6500 - £8000 installed cost Grid charging during • 13kWh storage capacity off-peak / peak local renewable generation • 3.68kW inverter
Summer Profile Peak Discharge to customer 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Mid-day Evening Night Charge from PV Discharge to grid- arbitrage Charge from grid
Winter Profile Peak Discharge to customer 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Evening Mid-day Night Discharge to grid- arbitrage Charge from PV Charge from grid
Reducing Energy Bills / Revenue Stacking Profit +15% bill reduction Operations Asset Grid Financing Services Arbitrage VPP Fee Standard Tariff VPP Tariff Revenues Vs. Costs (per customer)
Value Proposition
WP4 – FlexTrans (MHu) Managing transport energy supply and demand in locally flexible ways: Road vehicles Utilising domestic and commercial electric vehicles as “batteries on wheels” • Matching local generation and grid capacities to flexible transport • Demand responsive and intelligent services • Managing vehicle/ferry interactions • Handling domestic vehicles away from the house • Handling commercial vehicles • Managing vehicle pooling • Shipping Providing and managing shore services and support • Ferry transport capacity • Cruise ship capacity? •
WP4 – FlexTrans Task 4.1 Vehicle to Grid and EV Smart Charging (Solo) Power Micro-generation flexibility Heat Transport Home EV with Vehicle-to- battery Home / Vehicle-to- Grid charging Grid charging / discharging
WP4 – FlexTrans Task 4.2 Community Grid & Generation integrated transport (CES) Cash flow Energy Energy Energy £ H 2 Transmission Local generation Local supply Local demand/storage Local Finance (community ownership)
WP4 – FlexTrans Task 4.2 Community Grid & Generation integrated transport (CES) Power flexibility Transport
WP4 – FlexTrans Task 4.3 LA/DSL owned grid integrated EV buses & demand responsive vehicles (OIC) Through this task analysis and review of the local transport sector will be undertaken to identify gaps and opportunities where the ReFLEX project may be able to interact with transport services to offer local benefit. This could include replacement or enhancement of existing services or provision of new services. The study will identify promising opportunities and assess viability. Implementation of new solutions will be pursued where appropriate.
WP4 – FlexTrans Task 4.4 Grid scale battery backed charger (AQT) Task 4.2 – Isle’s ferry terminal Other Locations? Households • Place of work • Urban car park • Visitor attraction • Amenity spots • Supermarket • On board ferry • Ferry car parks • Airport car park • Street parking • 1-2 Tesla Powerpack Mobile ‘rescue packs’ • batteries each with Black spot packs • 10 associated fast EV charger connections
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