Smart Energy – now it’s personal Pilgrim Beart MIET 19 th January 2012 pilgrim@beart.org.uk pilgrimbeart
Who am I • Computer Engineer • Serial Entrepreneur • Founded AlertMe – Platform for the Smart Home – Focussed on Home Energy Management • Tonight: How home energy is changing
Tonight 1 2 3
The national energy balance Supplies Demands
UK Energy
National energy • “Sustainable” simply means “things you can keep doing”: – Finite Source: 2bn years’ fossil fuel used in hundreds of years – Finite Destination too: CO 2 • We take energy supplies for granted – Reliable, Affordable – A tribute to 20 th -century engineers • Exciting things happening on supply side – Wind, Nuclear, and one day Fusion • …but need much more change, faster – 2010 emissions flat, not falling (despite recession) – Deeper cuts needed to meet carbon budgets: ¶ • 34% reduction by 2020 • 80% reduction by 2050 (vs. 1990 levels) • Can do more – By addressing the demand side – At low cost (even at negative cost) ¶ According to the independent Committee on Climate Change, in their 3rd Progress Report to Parliament - 30 June 2011
IMPORT EXPORT Source: House of Commons Library
UK consumes ~200GW 30% in homes
Electricity supply becoming variable and undispatchable Wind is variable on many different timescales Result: No longer can Supply just follow Demand Demand must start to adapt to Supply Source: Pöyry Source: van der Hoven
Home Comforts today How much energy do we use? Where does it come from? Where does it go to?
Average UK home consumes 2.7kW
Today: Energy source and CO 2 UK annual average Energy Source (kW average) Emissions (kgCO 2 ) Electric 0.38 Electric 1650 Gas Gas 2.34 4100 Source: USWITCH JUNE 2008 UK grid 500gCO 2 /kWh e Natural Gas 200gCO 2 /kWh
Today: Annual energy cost: £1,036 Typical UK home 2011 Lighting Elec bill £528 Appliances Space Heating Hot Gas bill £508 Cooker Water (inc. shower) Source: AlertMe ADELE tool, based on UK govt stats
Today: Electricity use by appliance 8,000 HOME COMPUTING 7,000 CONSUMER 6,000 ELECTRONICS 5,000 LIGHT ktoe 4,000 3,000 COLD 2,000 WET 1,000 COOKING 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: DECC
Today: UK Heating • 10m homes have neither modern controls nor thermostatic radiator valves 1 • 47% can’t program their controls 2 • Interaction: – If cold, increase thermostat/timings until not cold – No visibility into cost consequences – So nothing driving you to turn it down again Sources: 1 BERR Heat and Energy consultation 2008 2 YouGov research of 2,085 people in GB conducted on behalf of PassivSystems, April 2010
UK home average temperature … but we haven’t increased our thermostats from 12 °C to 18°C! We’re heating more rooms, for longer. Source: BRE domestic energy fact file 2008
Today: Daily domestic profile UK 2011 Solar PV generation (summer) Heat demand (winter) Electrical Load 00:00 08:00 16:00 00:00 Sources: EA Technology EU PV GIS
Today: Home energy visibility Q: How much am I using? Q: Where is it going? Q: What can I do to reduce it?
Recap: Home Energy Today • Consumption: Invisible! • Controls: Incomprehensible! • Electricity: Big increase in Gadget consumption • Gas: Big increase in Average heating temperature • Energy prices rising (unsteadily) – Increasing pressure to act • So… what? • First: insulate
Coming to a home near you
Coming to a home near you • New energy technologies: – for Electricity & Heat – Creating and Managing them – How we’ll interact with them • Negawatts • Consumer Gateway
Electricity from Solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) 13p ( and rising) per unit imported 21p per unit generated (from Dec 2011) 3p per unit exported • As Subsidy falls …. and Grid prices rise (therefore less relevant) (therefore more painful to import electricity) …it increasingly pays to use your own electricity
Heat: capture & pump • Capture with Solar Thermal – Engineers care about efficiency – Consumers care about up-front cost! • Heat Pump – Theoretical COP of 4+ – UK trial results not nearly so good: Source: Energy Saving Trust
Thermal stores Drake Landing Solar Community, Alberta Credit: Natural Resources Canada Annual Daily
microCHP • Generating electricity creates “waste” heat – Do it at home and it’s no -longer waste • Combined Heat & Power for the home • Natural Gas Electricity + Heat Baxi ecoGen e.g. Stirling Engine Fuel cell
Intelligent Heating More Less Heat More Heat Hot Water User instructions Step 1: Ignore it Step 2: Press one of 3 buttons (exceptionally) Image: WattBox
Intelligent Heating • Occupancy Modern programmable SAVINGS 20 ° C thermostat (fixed time & temp pattern) • Physiology Intelligent Heating learns 15 ° C and reacts to occupancy and occupants’ E • Psychology G N L V physiological and E N I U E 10 ° C psychological needs I T G N N G H H C I U T T H N P G 5 ° C improves Time of Day all three iPod music player Nest thermostat by Tony Fadell by Tony Fadell
NegaWatts “The cheapest Watt is the one you don’t have to generate in the first place” (Amory Lovins) Watts NegaWatts Supplies Demands Onshore wind generation Intelligent Heating Cost: € 50/MWh generated Cost: € 8/MWh saved Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance Research Note Assumptions: 10% household energy saved over 10 year lifetime. “Closing the gap: grid parity for onshore wind” i.e. saves 1 year which is 23MWh. Costs € 200 to fit. 2011 Global average levelised cost.
Energy Efficiency Feed-in Tariff? • “Savings Aggregator” paid to get us to save – Works on large groups – Might be utility, community, company etc. • SA free to use whatever means they like: – Giving advice – Installing hardware – Rewards, competitions…. • Rapid and cheap to deploy • Consumers have a rational incentive anyway – (lower bills) – But we aren’t rational, so we don’t!
Co-ordinating it all • Imagine a scenario: Bob’s day. – Smart Meter (with Time of Use tariff) – Solar PV generation on his roof – Washing-machine has a load ready to wash – When should wash start? Who decides? • Early visions of Smart Grid were Soviet-style – Demand Response: pulling a big lever centrally – But Utilities don’t want to manage consumer appliances – And Consumers don’t want that either • Smart Grid may emerge bottom-up – LCNF & TSB trials exploring feasibilities – Price-driven? Define a set of policies for your home, e.g. • Wash my clothes for no more than £0.20/wash • Ensure my EV is charged by 8:00am every morning • Challenge will be to make all this truly “plug and play”
How will consumer react to all this? • We are an integral “component” of the system • Bakersfield CA, Victoria Australia, Netherlands – SM rollout issues: Unhappy with privacy/pricing • What do we need to do to shift consumption? – Engineering + Policy • Behavioural Psychology – Are we individuals or social? – Habits are hard to break
Behavioural Change Savings Target Actual Savings? Source: BEN Energy AG
UK Smart Meter rollout • Cost £10bn, Benefit: £15bn (?) • 5m installs/year = 19,000 per working day! Source: Impact study, DECC 2011
UK Smart Meter architecture Smart Gas Meter Smart Electricity Meter In Home Display (IHD) Drives sustained savings of 8% * Comms Hub • Appliances • Services … • Internet • Future stuff! Consumer Gateway DCC *2011 Empower Demand study by VaasaETT
The Consumer Gateway • Co-ordinates the home • Puts Home Energy Management where your attention already is, i.e. Online • Opens the door to future energy services Source: http://www.onlinemarketing-trends.com/2011/03/mobile-to-overtake-desktop-in-eu-by.html
Gateway enables Data Analytics £31.95 Top Tip Top Tip Top Tip
Summary • Sustainability isn’t optional – In a Finite world, we’re living beyond our means • Need to (and can): – Reduce demand. NegaWatts can be cheaper & faster. – Adapt demand to supply • 2020’s lifestyle with 1970’s consumption • Efficiency is addictive – As a consumer • “What’s good for me is good for everyone else too” – As an engineer • Beyond just Efficiency to Parsimony
Engineering is about people • Consumers’ choices determine success/failure – Put consumers at the centre of our thinking – Simplicity is vital • Explain to consumers – And learn from them • Ensure they really benefit – Design, implement, measure – repeat
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