Small UAV A French MoD perspective and planning
French ISTAR segmentation French ISTAR segmentation System volume Technology limit : data links (Satcom) e r u t Satellites c u HALE r t s a r f n i MALE Fighter Aircrafts transportable Tactical Technology limit : Helicopters mobility (MTI) portable Small UAV Range Land forces Strategic interest Contact Theatre Combat Action area area area DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 2 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Small UAV Classification Small UAV Classification � Micro UAV � Size : < 15 cm � Weight : < 50 g � Range : ≈ 100 m � Mini UAV � Size : < 70 cm � Weight : < 5 kg � Range : 1000 m to 3000 m � Autonomy : 15 min to 45 min � Very short range UAV � Size : portable by 2 soldiers � Weight : system < 40 kg, AC < 10 kg � Range : 10-15 km typical � Autonomy : ≈ 1h30 DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 3 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Operational role Operational role � Military role � Close combat support − Soldier, commando, vehicle − Open or Urban environment � Detection � Surveillance � Target designation � Radio Relay � Optionally weaponized � Homeland security � Police operation � Suspect tracking � Demonstration surveillance DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 4 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Operational Needs Operational Needs � Deployment and use � Fast and easy � Ruggedness � Low training required � Logistics � Reduced to minimum for very tactical use � Operator workload � Maintained to a minimum not to take much of the soldier attention � Discretion � Tolerance to various type of operational conditions � Wind, strong gust, rain, dust, extended temperature range DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 5 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Small UAV : real challenges Small UAV : real challenges � Safety � For homeland security and peace keeping action � Autonomy � Autonomous navigation in urban environment and indoor � Technologies � Miniaturisation � Camera : enhance stability and quality � Data link : light and robust in urban area � Aerologic � Tolerance to wind gust and turbulent environment � Stealthiness � Acoustic noise reduction : fan profile, fairing,… Many technical challenges must be solved in Small UAV with low cost objective ! DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 6 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Small UAV plans Small UAV plans 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 DRAC II (VTOL) ? DRAC HOVEREYE MAVDEM SUAV DEMOZUB Urban Mini UAV Univ. Mini UAV Challenge contest Micro UAV MAV07 MAV4G-I AniMEMS DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 7 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
DRAC : Main characteristics DRAC : Main characteristics � ����������������������� � �������������������������� ������������������ � ��������������� � ������������������������ � ������������������ ����� � 1�����/�-��+�� � ��!����������������"������ ���#�����"�����$%� � 2!�������/�-�3�� � &���������������� � 4.,5��/��$��+� � '#������(�)*��+���� � ,#���������������!�����!#����-������ � .���������#�����/�-�����!��� � 0�����������"���������������#������ DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 8 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Hovereye Hovereye VTOL MAV demonstrator able of stationary flight in turbulent conditions � Data Link optimized for dense urban area � Aerodynamics and flight control enhanced => better « wind gust » resistance � Lightweight and ergonomic GCS DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 9 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Hovereye characteristics characteristics Hovereye • Weight : 4 kg • Diameter : 40 cm • Speed : 0 à 10 m/s • Gust • Collision avoidance system (radar) • Fully stabilized, High level navigation command • Programmable route : GPS way points • On board EO camera HOVEREYE 3rd generation Flights performed in 2005 and 2007, Army evaluation mid-2007 DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 10 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
MAVDEM MAVDEM � Within the frame of EDA, FR/NW/SP/IT VTOL MAV demonstrator able of rapid translation (20 m/s) � Design chosen step by step between numerous concepts � Demonstrator to be tested in 2008 www.mavdem.org DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 11 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
SUAV – – Small UAV payload & avionics Small UAV payload & avionics SUAV � Study and develop payload and avionics for small UAV : � Automatic take off and landing, � Autonomous navigation based on payload imagery : obstacle avoidance, following infrastructure,… � Enhance environment sensing : 3D, panoramic view, mosaics,… � Test generic payload and avionic � Fixed Wing and VTOL UAV DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 12 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Mini UAV contests Mini UAV contests � European Micro Air Vehicle Conference and Flight Competition – EMAV � 7th edition, DGA funding, � University Mini UAV contest 2002-2005 � Funded by DGA, organised by ONERA � 17 teams – 5 international teams � A real success − 27 patents − Several small companies funded by students − Many contacts with defence industry � A new generation of students aware of UAV system approach and operational use. DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 13 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Mini UAV challenge – – 2007/2009 2007/2009 Mini UAV challenge � DGA has decided to continue this initiative � To encourage academic researches in the field of MAV � To introduce innovation into the field of MAV systems � Second edition will be launched very soon � 2 years, open to schools and universities form every country � Financial support to selected teams including ones that have a partnership with French schools or universities � An increased technical support of teams � Many intermediate reviews of progress � Mid-way platform stability evaluation � ONERA technical support – experts and facilities � DGA is involved in environment protection � A special price will be granted to the best ecological conception DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 14 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Mini UAV operational demonstrator Mini UAV operational demonstrator � Objective : preparation of a future Mini-UAV operational system (2015) � Precise operational requirements and demonstrate feasibility � Based on the results and experience acquired with Hovereye, MAVDEM, SUAV, UAV contests, DRAC � Capability approach � Based on Army specification � Planned duration : � 3 years, starting in 2009 DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 15 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Micro UAV Micro UAV ���������������� �������������� ��������������������� ��������� DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 16 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
MAV4G- -I I Demonstrator Demonstrator (2003 (2003- -2006) 2006) MAV4G Flapping wing propulsive system demonstrator based on MEMS technology ( Dragonfly bio-inspired nano-robotic) � MAV4G 1st generation functional demonstrator (MAV4G-I) � 36 month innovative and exploratory research project (September 2003) � wingspan : 6 cm, weight 120mg � artificial muscles network (electrostatic actuators) � 180.000 muscles / wing DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 17 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Masse totale/ Overall mass: ~ 20 mg Réseau de muscles / Muscle array: ~ 2 mg Batterie lithium / Lithium battery: ~ 100 mg Puissance mécanique / Output mechanical power: ~ 10 milliWatts 200 000 muscles artificiels 200,000 artificial muscles Crédit Philippe PSAILA – LA RECHERCHE – Février 2006 SCIENCE & DEFENSE AWARD 2005 DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 18 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
Ongoing studies Ongoing studies � bio-inspired navigation : REI Mouche (fly) (To = 01/2006) � Micro-battery MEMs: REI µBionique (To = fin 2007) � PEA AniMEMs : MAV4G 2 nd generation nanoUAV (2008-2012) � 2 nd generation propulsive system � Flight model � Fusion of Power – Propulsive system – Driver � Sensors/Navigation/Autonomous decision demonstrator � New advanced telecommunication technologies DGA/DET/CEP/ASC/DRONES September 2005 Diapositive N° 19 / 20 MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE
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