Slide 1 ___________________________________ - PDF document

Slide 1 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Causes of Abnormal Behavior ___________________________________ Chapter 2 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 2 ___________________________________ Paradigms (def)-a set of shared assumptions that ___________________________________ include a theory and how data should be collected. Four Basic Paradigms: ___________________________________ – Biological – Psychodynamic – Cognitive-Behavioral ___________________________________ – Humanistic ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 3 ___________________________________ Biological Definition: abnormal behavior is caused by ___________________________________ biological abnormalities Cause of Abnormality: Genes, neurochemistry, head injury. ___________________________________ Treatment: Medication or other physical treatments (ECT). ___________________________________ Focus: Functions of the body and brain structures. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 4 ___________________________________ Psychodynamic Paradigm Definition: abnormal behavior stems from unconscious conflicts from early childhood ___________________________________ experiences. – Id – unconscious psychic energy strives to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress  Pleasure principle ___________________________________ – Ego – largely conscious, executive part of personality  Reality Principal – Superego- voice of conscious forces the ego to consider not only the real but, the ideal. Operates on conscious and unconscious level. ___________________________________ Cause: Early Childhood Experiences Treatment: Psychoanalysis Focus: Unconscious Mind ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 5 ___________________________________ Cognitive Behavioral Definition: All behavior is the result of ___________________________________ different forms of learning. -Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning ___________________________________ Social Learning Cause: Experiences (Nurture) Treatment: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ___________________________________ Focus: Observable Behavior ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 6 ___________________________________ Humanistic Definition: Emphasis on the Present and ___________________________________ Future, and conscious rather than Unconscious. ___________________________________ Cause: Frustrations in Society Type of Treatment: Non-directive Therapy Focus: Free Will ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 7 ___________________________________ Systems Theory Def- Integrates causes of abnormal behavior ___________________________________ across biological, psychological and social factors. Diathesis-Stress Model and Multiple Risk Factors ___________________________________ Equifinality ___________________________________ Reciprocal Causality ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 8 ___________________________________ Biological Factors Neuron-basic building block of the nervous ___________________________________ system. Components that make up the neuron – Cell Body- ___________________________________ – Dendrite - – Axon - ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 9 ___________________________________ Action Potential Neuron at rest — semi-permeable barrier between ___________________________________ the fluids that are inside and outside the neuron. These fluids contain electrically charged particles called ions. Iinterior fluid is mostly negative and the exterior fluid is mostly positive. ___________________________________ Resting Potential-. Polarization- Depolarization- Firing Of the Action-Potential ___________________________________ Release of Neurotransmitter- Return to Resting State- ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 10 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 11 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 12 ___________________________________ Neurotransmitters and the Etiology of Psychopathology – Biological research has found that there is a ___________________________________ disruption in the functioning of certain neurotransmitters among some people with mental disorders . ___________________________________ Cannot currently measure neurotransmitter levels in a living brain. Does not imply causality ___________________________________ Causes of disorders are multifactorial ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 13 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 14 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 15 ___________________________________ Major Brain Structures Central and Peripheral Nervous System: Central- Brain and Spinal Cord. Peripheral- is the sensory and ___________________________________ motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. Three Main Subdivisions: ___________________________________ Hindbrain Midbrain ___________________________________ Forebrain ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 16 ___________________________________ Limbic System Links the higher mental processes of the ___________________________________ forebrain with the hindbrain and midbrain. Thalamus ___________________________________ Hypothalamus ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 17 ___________________________________ Peripheral Nervous system . Autonomic – ___________________________________ – Sypmathetic-arousing-prepares the body for emergency – Parasympathetic- calming- slows ___________________________________ everything down after the emergency Somatic- ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 18 ___________________________________ Etiology of Autonomic nervous system and abnormal behavior: ___________________________________ Overarousal ___________________________________ Underarousal ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 19 ___________________________________ ENDOCRINE SYSTEM chemical communication system, that ___________________________________ consists of glands that secrete hormones into the blood- stream.  hormones ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 20 ___________________________________ Behavioral Genetics Basic Principles of Genetics: ___________________________________  Genotype -actual genetic structure of the individual.  Phenotype is the expression of a given ___________________________________ genotyp e.  Allele  Locus ___________________________________  Dominant/Recessive Inheritance ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 21 ___________________________________ Family Incidence Studies Twin Studies-monozygotic vs. dizygotic ___________________________________ twins. Concordance rates- ___________________________________ Adoption Studies ___________________________________ Genetics and Etiology ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________