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Slide 1 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Anxiety Disorders ___________________________________ Chapter 6 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 2 ___________________________________ Anxiety Disorders  Def: behaviors that include phobias, obsessions, ___________________________________ compulsions and extreme worry. People with an anxiety disorder share a pre-occupation with , or persistent avoidance of thoughts or situations that provoke fear or anxiety, and frequently have a negative impact on aspects of a person’s life. ___________________________________  Similarities with mood disorders:  Both are defined in terms of negative emotional responses  Both involve feelings of guilt, worry, and anger.  Common etiological features, such as cognitive distortions, ___________________________________ triggers by stressful life events, and biological factors such as neurotransmitter imbalances.  Close relationship of symptoms for anxiety and mood disorder suggests the possibility of common causal features (e.g. stressful life events) ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 3 ___________________________________ Anxiety as a Mood vs. a Syndrome  Fear-experienced in the face of real or immediate ___________________________________ danger, builds quickly and helps organize a person’s behavioral responses to threats from the environment.  Anxious Mood-general or diffuse emotional reaction that is beyond simple fear and out of proportion to ___________________________________ threats in the environment.  Not always directed at the person’s present circumstance  can be associated with the anticipation of future problems.  Adaptive at low levels as it signals a person must prepare for an upcoming event. ___________________________________  Anxious apprehension- a pervasively anxious mood associated with pessimistic thoughts, negative self- evaluation and negative concern for future events. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 4 ___________________________________ Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders  Excessive Worry- ___________________________________  Panic Attacks -  Phobias- persistent, irrational narrowly defined fears that are associated with a specific object or situation.  Obsessions and Compulsions ___________________________________  Obsessions (def)-repetitive unwanted, intrusive cognitive events that may take the form of thoughts images or impulses and lead to an increase in subjective anxiety.  Compulsions-repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are used to reduce anxiety. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 5 ___________________________________ Excessive Worry ___________________________________  Cognitive activity associated with anxiety that manifests as a relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative, emotional thoughts that are concerned ___________________________________ with possible future threats or dangers.  Lack of perceived control  Negative Affect ___________________________________  Quantity ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 6 ___________________________________ Panic Attacks Panic attacks- sudden overwhelming experience of terror or fright. More  focused than anxiety believed to be a normal fear response triggered at an ___________________________________ inappropriate time. Physical sensations of which the patient must experience at least  four, which develop suddenly and reach peak intensity within 10 minutes:  Heart palpitations  Sweating  Trembling or shaking ___________________________________  Sensation of shortness of breath  Choking feeling  Chest pain  Nausea or abdominal distress  Dizziness  Feelings of unreality or detachment from oneself  Fear of losing control or going crazy ___________________________________  Fear of dying  Numbness or tingling sensation  Chills or hot flushes ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Slide 7 ___________________________________ Phobias ___________________________________  Persistent, irrational narrowly defined fears that are associated with a specific object or situation.  Avoidance ___________________________________  Agoraphobia-Fear becomes more intense as the distance between the person and his or her familiar surroundings increases, or as avenues of escape are closed off. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 8 ___________________________________ Obsessions and Compulsions  Obsessions and Compulsions- ___________________________________  Obsessions (def)-repetitive unwanted, intrusive cognitive events that may take the form of thoughts images or impulses and lead to an increase in subjective anxiety.  Compulsions -repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are used to reduce anxiety. ___________________________________  Obsessions  Seem to come out of the blue  Content of obsessions  Compulsions-Must perform the ritual to keep something “bad” from happening . ___________________________________  Most common are cleaning and checking ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 9 ___________________________________ Diagnostic Systems of Anxiety Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)  Panic Disorder ___________________________________  Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with at least half of the attacks followed by a period of one month or more in which the person fears having another attack. (fear of fear)  Avoidance of the situation (change in behavior)  Agoraphobia ___________________________________  Avoid the situation or endure it with great distress  Insist on being accompanied by a safe person.  Specific Phobia-marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence of specific object or situation. ___________________________________  Exposure produces immediate fear response  Awareness that fear is unreasonable  Avoidance ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________