Slide 1 / 50 Quantitative Review Emergence of Organic Molec Slide - - PDF document

Quantitative Review – Emergence of Organic Molec

Slide 1 / 50

1 A sample of glycogen contains the molecular formula C120H202O101. How many molecules of water will it require to hydrolyze this molecule into its glucose building blocks?

Answer

Slide 2 / 50

1 A sample of glycogen contains the molecular formula C120H202O101. How many molecules of water will it require to hydrolyze this molecule into its glucose building blocks?

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer 19

Slide 2 (Answer) / 50

2 Basic peanut butter cookies can be made by using just three ingredients: 1 cup peanut butter, 1 cup sugar, and 1 egg. This recipe makes 24

• cookies. Based on the nutritional information

below, calculate how many calories, rounded to the nearest calorie, are consumed when you eat two cookies.

Biomolecule Calories per Gram Fat 9 Carbohydrate 4 Protein 4 Peanut Butter (1 cup) Sugar (1 cup) Egg (1) Fat (g) 128 5 Carbohydrates (g) 48 192 1 Protein (g) 54 7

Answer

Slide 3 / 50

3 There are 20 different possibilities for side chains in amino acids. Glycine is a side chain composed

• f one hydrogen atom. Alanine is a side chain

composed of CH3. Serine is a side chain composed of a hydroxyl group, OH. If an amino acid chain, composed of glycine, alanine, and serine is synthesized via dehydration synthesis, how many oxygen atoms will the molecule contain?

Answer

Slide 4 / 50

3 There are 20 different possibilities for side chains in amino acids. Glycine is a side chain composed

• f one hydrogen atom. Alanine is a side chain

composed of CH3. Serine is a side chain composed of a hydroxyl group, OH. If an amino acid chain, composed of glycine, alanine, and serine is synthesized via dehydration synthesis, how many oxygen atoms will the molecule contain?

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer 5

Slide 4 (Answer) / 50

4 While the origins of Earth are predicted to have

• ccurred 4.6 billion years ago, the earliest life

forms did not evolve until 3.9 billion years ago. Eukaryotic organisms evolved 2.1 billion years ago, with multicellular organisms evolving 1.5 billion years ago. How many billion years elapsed between the evolution of eukaryotes and the evolution of multicellular organisms?

Answer

Slide 5 / 50

4 While the origins of Earth are predicted to have

• ccurred 4.6 billion years ago, the earliest life

forms did not evolve until 3.9 billion years ago. Eukaryotic organisms evolved 2.1 billion years ago, with multicellular organisms evolving 1.5 billion years ago. How many billion years elapsed between the evolution of eukaryotes and the evolution of multicellular organisms?

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer 0.6

Slide 5 (Answer) / 50

5 An average person who consumes 2,000 calories per day has a daily recommended intake of no more than 65 grams of fat. For lunch today, you take a trip to McDonald’s and have a double quarter pounder with cheese (43 g fat) and large French fries (25 g fat). Knowing that there are 9 calories in each gram of fat, by how many calories have you exceeded your daily recommended intake of calories from fats?

Answer

Slide 6 / 50

5 An average person who consumes 2,000 calories per day has a daily recommended intake of no more than 65 grams of fat. For lunch today, you take a trip to McDonald’s and have a double quarter pounder with cheese (43 g fat) and large French fries (25 g fat). Knowing that there are 9 calories in each gram of fat, by how many calories have you exceeded your daily recommended intake of calories from fats?

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer 27

Slide 6 (Answer) / 50

6 When the phospholipid shown below is hydrolyzed, how many hydrogen atoms will be in each fatty acid?

Answer

Slide 7 / 50

6 When the phospholipid shown below is hydrolyzed, how many hydrogen atoms will be in each fatty acid?

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer 30

Slide 7 (Answer) / 50

This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others.

Click to go to website: www.njctl.org New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative

Slide 8 / 50

www.njctl.org

Emergence of Organic Molecules Multiple Choice Review

Slide 9 / 50

1 Which of the following does not support the RNA world hypothesis, which states that RNA functioned as the first genetic material in early protobionts?

A

Many of the most critical elements of cells are composed mostly or entirely of RNA.

B RNA has been demonstrated to act as a catalyst in modern

cells.

C Modern cells use an RNA template when synthesizing

proteins.

D In modern cells, RNA provides the template on which DNA

nucleotides are assembled.

Answer

Slide 10 / 50

1 Which of the following does not support the RNA world hypothesis, which states that RNA functioned as the first genetic material in early protobionts?

A

Many of the most critical elements of cells are composed mostly or entirely of RNA.

B RNA has been demonstrated to act as a catalyst in modern

cells.

C Modern cells use an RNA template when synthesizing

proteins.

D In modern cells, RNA provides the template on which DNA

nucleotides are assembled.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 10 (Answer) / 50

2 Curly hairstyles can be accomplished by getting a permanent, often called a perm. During this process, hair is wrapped around rods and then treated with a chemical, such as sodium

• thioglycolate. This chemical disrupts the disulfide

bonds in the hair, which is composed of a protein called keratin. It then reforms disulfide bonds in different places, forcing the hair to be curly. At what level of structure in the keratin protein does sodium thioglycolate work?

A Primary B

Secondary

C

Tertiary

D

Quaternary

Answer

Slide 11 / 50

2 Curly hairstyles can be accomplished by getting a permanent, often called a perm. During this process, hair is wrapped around rods and then treated with a chemical, such as sodium

• thioglycolate. This chemical disrupts the disulfide

bonds in the hair, which is composed of a protein called keratin. It then reforms disulfide bonds in different places, forcing the hair to be curly. At what level of structure in the keratin protein does sodium thioglycolate work?

A Primary B

Secondary

C

Tertiary

D

Quaternary

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 11 (Answer) / 50

3 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the macromolecule shown below?

A The long hydrocarbon chain makes it insoluble in water. B The hydroxyl groups make it soluble in water. C The carboxyl group makes it soluble in water. D The solubility is determined by the addition of an “R”

group.

Answer

Slide 12 / 50

3 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the macromolecule shown below?

A The long hydrocarbon chain makes it insoluble in water. B The hydroxyl groups make it soluble in water. C The carboxyl group makes it soluble in water. D The solubility is determined by the addition of an “R”

group.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 12 (Answer) / 50

4 Which of the statements concerning nitrogenous bases is incorrect?

A Guanine and cytosine have a stronger bond than the other

pairings.

B Purines always bond with purines and pyrimidines always

bond with pyrimidines.

C RNA uses uracil instead of thymine. D Purines are composed of two rings. Answer

Slide 13 / 50

4 Which of the statements concerning nitrogenous bases is incorrect?

A Guanine and cytosine have a stronger bond than the other

pairings.

B Purines always bond with purines and pyrimidines always

bond with pyrimidines.

C RNA uses uracil instead of thymine. D Purines are composed of two rings.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 13 (Answer) / 50

5 Many plant leaves have an outer layer, called the waxy cuticle, that aids in the prevention of dehydration via transpiration. When water falls on the waxy cuticle, it immediately beads up and rolls off. Based on this information, what must be true of the waxy cuticle?

A It is amphiphilic. B

It hydrolyzes the water molecules.

C

It is hydrophobic.

D

It has catalytic properties.

Answer

Slide 14 / 50

5 Many plant leaves have an outer layer, called the waxy cuticle, that aids in the prevention of dehydration via transpiration. When water falls on the waxy cuticle, it immediately beads up and rolls off. Based on this information, what must be true of the waxy cuticle?

A It is amphiphilic. B

It hydrolyzes the water molecules.

C

It is hydrophobic.

D

It has catalytic properties.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 14 (Answer) / 50

6 The theory that organic compounds arose from the inorganic molecules present on early Earth relies on all of the following assumptions except for one. Which one is an incorrect assumption?

A High energy input in the form of lighting and/or UV

radiation

B Oxygen gas present in the atmosphere C The presence of inorganic molecules D The Earth is 4.6 billion years old, allowing sufficient time

for evolution to occur.

Answer

Slide 15 / 50

6 The theory that organic compounds arose from the inorganic molecules present on early Earth relies on all of the following assumptions except for one. Which one is an incorrect assumption?

A High energy input in the form of lighting and/or UV

radiation

B Oxygen gas present in the atmosphere C The presence of inorganic molecules D The Earth is 4.6 billion years old, allowing sufficient time

for evolution to occur.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 15 (Answer) / 50

7 When glycogen is hydrolyzed, it forms

A Cellulose B

Sucrose

C

Polysaccharides

D

Glucose

Answer

Slide 16 / 50

7 When glycogen is hydrolyzed, it forms

A Cellulose B

Sucrose

C

Polysaccharides

D

Glucose

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 16 (Answer) / 50

8 DNA and RNA are composed of several nucleotide monomers bonded together. Where does this bond occur between two nucleotides?

A Between the sugar and the phosphate B Between adjacent nitrogenous bases C Between the sugar and the neighboring nitrogenous base D Between the phosphate and the neighboring nitrogenous

base

Answer

Slide 17 / 50

8 DNA and RNA are composed of several nucleotide monomers bonded together. Where does this bond occur between two nucleotides?

A Between the sugar and the phosphate B Between adjacent nitrogenous bases C Between the sugar and the neighboring nitrogenous base D Between the phosphate and the neighboring nitrogenous

base

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 17 (Answer) / 50

9 Scientific experiments strive to be both accurate and reliable. Which of the following techniques does not do so?

A Increasing the sample size B Being precise in all procedures and measurements C Decreasing control variables D Repeating the experiment several times Answer

Slide 18 / 50

10 Soap is used to wash soluble and insoluble substances off of surfaces. While the water used with soap is able to dissolve soluble substances, it has no effect on insoluble substances. A hydrophobic molecule in soap is able to dissolve insoluble substances. Which of the following could be a molecule used in soap?

A Polysaccharide B

Fatty acid

C

Chitin

D

Pyrimidine

Answer

Slide 19 / 50

10 Soap is used to wash soluble and insoluble substances off of surfaces. While the water used with soap is able to dissolve soluble substances, it has no effect on insoluble substances. A hydrophobic molecule in soap is able to dissolve insoluble substances. Which of the following could be a molecule used in soap?

A Polysaccharide B

Fatty acid

C

Chitin

D

Pyrimidine

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 19 (Answer) / 50

11 Galactose and glucose are both monosaccharides with the molecular formula

• C6H12O6. When these two molecules undergo

dehydration synthesis, they form lactose, milk

• sugar. What is the structural formula of lactose?

A

C11H22O12

B

C12H24O12

C

C12H23O11

D

C12H22O11

Answer

Slide 20 / 50

11 Galactose and glucose are both monosaccharides with the molecular formula

• C6H12O6. When these two molecules undergo

dehydration synthesis, they form lactose, milk

• sugar. What is the structural formula of lactose?

A

C11H22O12

B

C12H24O12

C

C12H23O11

D

C12H22O11

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 20 (Answer) / 50

12 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the macromolecule shown below?

A The molecule is amphiphilic. B The molecule contributes to high cholesterol. C The molecule is used for energy storage. D The molecule can fold in on itself because of its polar “R”

group.

O O P O

• O

CH

2

O H H H H CH O – C – C – C – C – C – H H H H H H H H H CH

2 O – C – C – C – C – C – H

O H H H H

Answer

Slide 21 / 50

12 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the macromolecule shown below?

A The molecule is amphiphilic. B The molecule contributes to high cholesterol. C The molecule is used for energy storage. D The molecule can fold in on itself because of its polar “R”

group.

O O P O

• O

CH

2

O H H H H CH O – C – C – C – C – C – H H H H H H H H H CH

2 O – C – C – C – C – C – H

O H H H H [This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 21 (Answer) / 50

13 Some scientists believe that the first monomers

• n early Earth came from meteorites that fell to
• Earth. What evidence do scientists use to support

this theory?

A

An experiment conducted by Stanley-Miller simulated meteorite conditions and were able to produce important monomers.

B Pieces of meteorites that have been found to contain a

variety of organic chemicals.

C The astronomer Edward Hubble observed this happening

• n other planets.

D Meteorites are amphiphilic and therefore are capable of

carrying foreign molecules through Earth’s atmosphere.

Answer

Slide 22 / 50

13 Some scientists believe that the first monomers

• n early Earth came from meteorites that fell to
• Earth. What evidence do scientists use to support

this theory?

A

An experiment conducted by Stanley-Miller simulated meteorite conditions and were able to produce important monomers.

B Pieces of meteorites that have been found to contain a

variety of organic chemicals.

C The astronomer Edward Hubble observed this happening

• n other planets.

D Meteorites are amphiphilic and therefore are capable of

carrying foreign molecules through Earth’s atmosphere.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 22 (Answer) / 50

14 When a strand of DNA is unfolded, the bases on

• ne side read as follows:

5’ – TCAG – 3’ What will the complimentary strand read?

A 5’ – AGUC – 3’ B

5’ – AGTC – 3’

C

3’ – AGUC – 5’

D

3’ – AGTC – 5’

Answer

Slide 23 / 50

14 When a strand of DNA is unfolded, the bases on

• ne side read as follows:

5’ – TCAG – 3’ What will the complimentary strand read?

A 5’ – AGUC – 3’ B

5’ – AGTC – 3’

C

3’ – AGUC – 5’

D

3’ – AGTC – 5’

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 23 (Answer) / 50

15 Which of the following levels of protein structure is not interrupted during denaturation?

A Primary B

Secondary

C

Tertiary

D

Quaternary

Answer

Slide 24 / 50

15 Which of the following levels of protein structure is not interrupted during denaturation?

A Primary B

Secondary

C

Tertiary

D

Quaternary

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 24 (Answer) / 50

16 A scientist is working with a polysaccharide that consists of 15 monosaccharides. How many molecules of water will be required to completely hydrolyze the molecule?

A 13 B

14

C

15

D

16

Answer

Slide 25 / 50

16 A scientist is working with a polysaccharide that consists of 15 monosaccharides. How many molecules of water will be required to completely hydrolyze the molecule?

A 13 B

14

C

15

D

16

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 25 (Answer) / 50

17 The first cells are thought to have been an accumulation of organic molecules. Called protobionts, these first cells contained all of the following capabilities, except

A Metabolism B

Separation from the outer environment

C

Replication

D

Photosynthesis

Answer

Slide 26 / 50

17 The first cells are thought to have been an accumulation of organic molecules. Called protobionts, these first cells contained all of the following capabilities, except

A Metabolism B

Separation from the outer environment

C

Replication

D

Photosynthesis

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 26 (Answer) / 50

18 A nucleoside is composed of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar linked to a nitrogenous base. What else is required in order for the nucleoside to become a nucleotide?

A One of 20 R groups. B

Either a purine or a pyrimidine

C

A phosphate group

D

Glycerol

Answer

Slide 27 / 50

18 A nucleoside is composed of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar linked to a nitrogenous base. What else is required in order for the nucleoside to become a nucleotide?

A One of 20 R groups. B

Either a purine or a pyrimidine

C

A phosphate group

D

Glycerol

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 27 (Answer) / 50

19 Most biomolecules are polymers composed of monomer building blocks. Which category of biomolecules does not follow this plan?

A Lipids B

Carbohydrates

C

Proteins

D

Nucleic Acids

Answer

Slide 28 / 50

19 Most biomolecules are polymers composed of monomer building blocks. Which category of biomolecules does not follow this plan?

A Lipids B

Carbohydrates

C

Proteins

D

Nucleic Acids

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 28 (Answer) / 50

20 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the molecule shown below?

A The molecule is a double helix in structure. B The molecule contributes to high LDL cholesterol. C The molecule is solid at room temperature. D The molecule is stored as glycogen in the body.

H H H H H H H O C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C - - H O H H H H H H H H

Answer

Slide 29 / 50

20 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the molecule shown below?

A The molecule is a double helix in structure. B The molecule contributes to high LDL cholesterol. C The molecule is solid at room temperature. D The molecule is stored as glycogen in the body.

H H H H H H H O C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C - - H O H H H H H H H H

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 29 (Answer) / 50

21 Which of the following statements about protein structure is incorrect?

A A change in one amino acid in the primary structure will

cause a change in the entire protein.

B Secondary structure uses hydrophobic interactions and to

create folds in the polypeptide backbone.

C Tertiary structure is the result of interactions between the

side chains.

D Quaternary structure folds several polypeptides into a

functional protein.

Answer

Slide 30 / 50

21 Which of the following statements about protein structure is incorrect?

A A change in one amino acid in the primary structure will

cause a change in the entire protein.

B Secondary structure uses hydrophobic interactions and to

create folds in the polypeptide backbone.

C Tertiary structure is the result of interactions between the

side chains.

D Quaternary structure folds several polypeptides into a

functional protein.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 30 (Answer) / 50

22 Which of the following is not true concerning the differences between RNA and DNA?

A RNA contains pyrimidines while DNA contains purines. B The sugar in DNA contains one less oxygen than the sugar

in RNA.

C DNA forms a double helix while RNA is able to fold in on

itself.

D RNA is thought to have evolved before DNA. Answer

Slide 31 / 50

22 Which of the following is not true concerning the differences between RNA and DNA?

A RNA contains pyrimidines while DNA contains purines. B The sugar in DNA contains one less oxygen than the sugar

in RNA.

C DNA forms a double helix while RNA is able to fold in on

itself.

D RNA is thought to have evolved before DNA.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 31 (Answer) / 50

23 There are several similarities that are found among all living organisms. For example,

• rganisms use ATP as the source of energy. A

universal genetic code is found in all organisms. Sodium and potassium ion pumps are used as the method to create potential. What theory do these pieces of evidence support?

A Protobionts B

Endosymbiosis

C

RNA world

D

LUCA

Answer

Slide 32 / 50

23 There are several similarities that are found among all living organisms. For example,

• rganisms use ATP as the source of energy. A

universal genetic code is found in all organisms. Sodium and potassium ion pumps are used as the method to create potential. What theory do these pieces of evidence support?

A Protobionts B

Endosymbiosis

C

RNA world

D

LUCA

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 32 (Answer) / 50

24 Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about denaturation.

A Denaturation can be reversible. B Denaturation affects primary, secondary, and tertiary

structure but not quaternary structure.

C Denaturation can occur as a result of inadequate pH levels. D Denaturation disrupts all hydrogen bonding. Answer

Slide 33 / 50

24 Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about denaturation.

A Denaturation can be reversible. B Denaturation affects primary, secondary, and tertiary

structure but not quaternary structure.

C Denaturation can occur as a result of inadequate pH levels. D Denaturation disrupts all hydrogen bonding.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 33 (Answer) / 50

25 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the molecule shown below?

A The monomer is always polar. B When several of these are linked together, they represent

the first out of four levels of structure.

C The unique order of nitrogenous bases gives the

macromolecule its function.

D The monomers of this type of macromolecule are

connected via phosphodiester bonds.

R N O H – C – C N OH H

Answer

Slide 34 / 50

25 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the molecule shown below?

A The monomer is always polar. B When several of these are linked together, they represent

the first out of four levels of structure.

C The unique order of nitrogenous bases gives the

macromolecule its function.

D The monomers of this type of macromolecule are

connected via phosphodiester bonds.

R N O H – C – C N OH H

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 34 (Answer) / 50

26 Chitin is a polysaccharide similar to cellulose, except that one hydroxyl group is replaced with a nitrogen group. In its natural state, chitin is strong but pliable. When paired with calcium carbonate, however, it becomes very strong and inflexible. Which of the following statements must also be true concerning chitin?

A It is composed of glucose. B It is double stranded. C

It can be denatured at high temperatures.

D

It is liquid at room temperature.

Answer

Slide 35 / 50

26 Chitin is a polysaccharide similar to cellulose, except that one hydroxyl group is replaced with a nitrogen group. In its natural state, chitin is strong but pliable. When paired with calcium carbonate, however, it becomes very strong and inflexible. Which of the following statements must also be true concerning chitin?

A It is composed of glucose. B It is double stranded. C

It can be denatured at high temperatures.

D

It is liquid at room temperature.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 35 (Answer) / 50

27 Starch and glycogen are important

• polysaccharides. In what way are they different?

A Starch is soluble in water while glucose is not. B Starch is composed of cellulose while glycogen is

composed of glucose.

C Glycogen is found in animals while starch is found in

plants.

D They both function as a source of energy. Answer

Slide 36 / 50

27 Starch and glycogen are important

• polysaccharides. In what way are they different?

A Starch is soluble in water while glucose is not. B Starch is composed of cellulose while glycogen is

composed of glucose.

C Glycogen is found in animals while starch is found in

plants.

D They both function as a source of energy.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 36 (Answer) / 50

28 Which of the following is not involved in the tertiary structure of a protein?

A Hydrogen bond B

Disulfide bridge

C

Peptide bond

D

Ionic bond

Answer

Slide 37 / 50

28 Which of the following is not involved in the tertiary structure of a protein?

A Hydrogen bond B

Disulfide bridge

C

Peptide bond

D

Ionic bond

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 37 (Answer) / 50

Questions 36- 40 refer to the experiment described below. Cellulase is an enzyme used in fungi and bacteria to catalyz hydrolysis of cellulose. To measure the effect of pH on the effectiveness of cellulase, three vials of cellulase are treated different pH solutions: one vial at pH 3, one vial at pH 7, and vial at pH 11. Cellulose is then introduced into each vial and amount of cellulose after every 30 seconds is measured.

Slide 38 / 50

29 Animals store fat in adipose tissue. Which of the following pairs has the same relationship as fat and adipose tissue?

A Sugar and the liver B

Amino acid and protein

C

RNA and DNA

D

Glucose and starch

Answer

Slide 39 / 50

29 Animals store fat in adipose tissue. Which of the following pairs has the same relationship as fat and adipose tissue?

A Sugar and the liver B

Amino acid and protein

C

RNA and DNA

D

Glucose and starch

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 39 (Answer) / 50

30 Cholesterol and estrogen are different types of

• steroids. Cholesterol is an important component
• f animal cell membranes. Estrogen, on the other

hand, is the primary female sex hormone. What do these two molecules have in common?

A They are both composed of peptide bonds. B Their levels in the body are impacted by levels of

saturated fats.

C They are isomers of each other. D They are both composed of four carbon rings fused

together.

Answer

Slide 40 / 50

30 Cholesterol and estrogen are different types of

• steroids. Cholesterol is an important component
• f animal cell membranes. Estrogen, on the other

hand, is the primary female sex hormone. What do these two molecules have in common?

A They are both composed of peptide bonds. B Their levels in the body are impacted by levels of

saturated fats.

C They are isomers of each other. D They are both composed of four carbon rings fused

together.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 40 (Answer) / 50

31 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the macromolecule shown below?

A The kinks in the chain make the molecule insoluble in

water.

B The molecule is amphiphilic. C The molecule is solid at room temperature. D The molecule contributes to high LDL cholesterol.

H H H H H H H O H H H C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C O C – C – C – H H H H H H H H H H

Answer

Slide 41 / 50

31 Which statement is correct based on the structure

• f the macromolecule shown below?

A The kinks in the chain make the molecule insoluble in

water.

B The molecule is amphiphilic. C The molecule is solid at room temperature. D The molecule contributes to high LDL cholesterol.

H H H H H H H O H H H C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C O C – C – C – H H H H H H H H H H

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 41 (Answer) / 50

32 In his 1953 experiment, Stanley Miller successfully created which of the following from NH3, CH4, and H2?

A Amino acids B

Simple monosaccharides

C

Hydrocarbons

D

RNA

Answer

Slide 42 / 50

32 In his 1953 experiment, Stanley Miller successfully created which of the following from NH3, CH4, and H2?

A Amino acids B

Simple monosaccharides

C

Hydrocarbons

D

RNA

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 42 (Answer) / 50

33 How many levels of structure does a single polypeptide chain require to perform a function?

A 1 B

2

C

3

D

4

Answer

Slide 43 / 50

33 How many levels of structure does a single polypeptide chain require to perform a function?

A 1 B

2

C

3

D

4

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 43 (Answer) / 50

34 Birds are known to migrate long distances throughout the year. The Manx Shearwater, for example, migrates 8,700 miles between the northern breeding grounds and the southern

• cean. During migrations, when food is not

available, birds use what type of stores in their body to fuel their flight?

A Amino acids B

Phospholipids

C

Chitin

D

Triglycerides

Answer

Slide 44 / 50

34 Birds are known to migrate long distances throughout the year. The Manx Shearwater, for example, migrates 8,700 miles between the northern breeding grounds and the southern

• cean. During migrations, when food is not

available, birds use what type of stores in their body to fuel their flight?

A Amino acids B

Phospholipids

C

Chitin

D

Triglycerides

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 44 (Answer) / 50

35 When the monomers of most macromolecules are linked together, a molecule of water is one of the

• products. Listed below are several names by

which this process is known. Which of the following is not a correct name?

A Peptide bond B

Hydrolysis reaction

C

Glycosidic linkage

D

Dehydration synthesis

Answer

Slide 45 / 50

35 When the monomers of most macromolecules are linked together, a molecule of water is one of the

• products. Listed below are several names by

which this process is known. Which of the following is not a correct name?

A Peptide bond B

Hydrolysis reaction

C

Glycosidic linkage

D

Dehydration synthesis

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 45 (Answer) / 50

36 When cellulose is hydrolyzed, what is the result?

A Starch B

Glycogen

C

Glucose

D

Amylopectin

Answer

Slide 46 / 50

36 When cellulose is hydrolyzed, what is the result?

A Starch B

Glycogen

C

Glucose

D

Amylopectin

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer C

Slide 46 (Answer) / 50

37 What is the independent variable?

A Amount of cellulase B

pH

C

Temperature

D

Amount of cellulose

Answer

Slide 47 / 50

37 What is the independent variable?

A Amount of cellulase B

pH

C

Temperature

D

Amount of cellulose

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer B

Slide 47 (Answer) / 50

38 What is the dependent variable?

A Amount of cellulase B

pH

C

Temperature

D

Amount of cellulose

Answer

Slide 48 / 50

38 What is the dependent variable?

A Amount of cellulase B

pH

C

Temperature

D

Amount of cellulose

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 48 (Answer) / 50

39 In this experiment, what is the control group?

A The vial at pH 7 B Maintaining a constant temperature C The initial amount of cellulose in each vial D Cellulase Answer

Slide 49 / 50

39 In this experiment, what is the control group?

A The vial at pH 7 B Maintaining a constant temperature C The initial amount of cellulose in each vial D Cellulase

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer A

Slide 49 (Answer) / 50

40 How could this experiment be redesigned to increase its reliability?

A The amount of cellulose could be measured every 15

seconds.

B The temperature could be measured in addition to

cellulose.

C Additional cellulase could be added throughout the

experiment.

D Larger sample sizes at each pH could be used. Answer

Slide 50 / 50

40 How could this experiment be redesigned to increase its reliability?

A The amount of cellulose could be measured every 15

seconds.

B The temperature could be measured in addition to

cellulose.

C Additional cellulase could be added throughout the

experiment.

D Larger sample sizes at each pH could be used.

[This object is a pull tab]

Answer D

Slide 50 (Answer) / 50