Slide 1 / 50 Quantitative Review Emergence of Organic Molec Slide - PDF document

Slide 1 / 50 Quantitative Review – Emergence of Organic Molec Slide 2 / 50 1 A sample of glycogen contains the molecular formula C 120 H 202 O 101 . How many molecules of water will it require to hydrolyze this molecule into its glucose building blocks? Answer Slide 2 (Answer) / 50 1 A sample of glycogen contains the molecular formula C 120 H 202 O 101 . How many molecules of water will it require to hydrolyze this molecule into its glucose building blocks? Answer 19 [This object is a pull tab]

Slide 3 / 50 2 Basic peanut butter cookies can be made by using just three ingredients: 1 cup peanut butter, 1 cup sugar, and 1 egg. This recipe makes 24 cookies. Based on the nutritional information below, calculate how many calories, rounded to the nearest calorie, are consumed when you eat two cookies. Answer Biomolecule Calories per Gram Fat 9 Carbohydrate 4 Protein 4 Peanut Butter (1 Sugar (1 cup) Egg (1) cup) Fat (g) 128 0 5 Carbohydrates 48 192 1 (g) Protein (g) 54 0 7 Slide 4 / 50 3 There are 20 different possibilities for side chains in amino acids. Glycine is a side chain composed of one hydrogen atom. Alanine is a side chain composed of CH3. Serine is a side chain composed of a hydroxyl group, OH. If an amino acid chain, composed of glycine, alanine, and Answer serine is synthesized via dehydration synthesis, how many oxygen atoms will the molecule contain? Slide 4 (Answer) / 50 3 There are 20 different possibilities for side chains in amino acids. Glycine is a side chain composed of one hydrogen atom. Alanine is a side chain composed of CH3. Serine is a side chain composed of a hydroxyl group, OH. If an amino acid chain, composed of glycine, alanine, and Answer serine is synthesized via dehydration synthesis, 5 how many oxygen atoms will the molecule contain? [This object is a pull tab]

Slide 5 / 50 4 While the origins of Earth are predicted to have occurred 4.6 billion years ago, the earliest life forms did not evolve until 3.9 billion years ago. Eukaryotic organisms evolved 2.1 billion years ago, with multicellular organisms evolving 1.5 billion years ago. How many billion years elapsed Answer between the evolution of eukaryotes and the evolution of multicellular organisms? Slide 5 (Answer) / 50 4 While the origins of Earth are predicted to have occurred 4.6 billion years ago, the earliest life forms did not evolve until 3.9 billion years ago. Eukaryotic organisms evolved 2.1 billion years ago, with multicellular organisms evolving 1.5 billion years ago. How many billion years elapsed Answer between the evolution of eukaryotes and the 0.6 evolution of multicellular organisms? [This object is a pull tab] Slide 6 / 50 5 An average person who consumes 2,000 calories per day has a daily recommended intake of no more than 65 grams of fat. For lunch today, you take a trip to McDonald’s and have a double quarter pounder with cheese (43 g fat) and large Answer French fries (25 g fat). Knowing that there are 9 calories in each gram of fat, by how many calories have you exceeded your daily recommended intake of calories from fats?

Slide 6 (Answer) / 50 5 An average person who consumes 2,000 calories per day has a daily recommended intake of no more than 65 grams of fat. For lunch today, you take a trip to McDonald’s and have a double quarter pounder with cheese (43 g fat) and large Answer French fries (25 g fat). Knowing that there are 9 27 calories in each gram of fat, by how many calories have you exceeded your daily recommended intake of calories from fats? [This object is a pull tab] Slide 7 / 50 6 When the phospholipid shown below is hydrolyzed, how many hydrogen atoms will be in each fatty acid? Answer Slide 7 (Answer) / 50 6 When the phospholipid shown below is hydrolyzed, how many hydrogen atoms will be in each fatty acid? Answer 30 [This object is a pull tab]

Slide 8 / 50 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org Slide 9 / 50 Emergence of Organic Molecules Multiple Choice Review www.njctl.org Slide 10 / 50 1 Which of the following does not support the RNA world hypothesis, which states that RNA functioned as the first genetic material in early protobionts? Answer Many of the most critical elements of cells are composed A mostly or entirely of RNA. B RNA has been demonstrated to act as a catalyst in modern cells. C Modern cells use an RNA template when synthesizing proteins. D In modern cells, RNA provides the template on which DNA nucleotides are assembled.

Slide 10 (Answer) / 50 1 Which of the following does not support the RNA world hypothesis, which states that RNA functioned as the first genetic material in early protobionts? Answer D Many of the most critical elements of cells are composed A mostly or entirely of RNA. B RNA has been demonstrated to act as a catalyst in modern cells. [This object is a pull tab] C Modern cells use an RNA template when synthesizing proteins. D In modern cells, RNA provides the template on which DNA nucleotides are assembled. Slide 11 / 50 2 Curly hairstyles can be accomplished by getting a permanent, often called a perm. During this process, hair is wrapped around rods and then treated with a chemical, such as sodium thioglycolate. This chemical disrupts the disulfide bonds in the hair, which is composed of a protein called keratin. It then reforms disulfide bonds in different places, forcing the hair to be curly. At Answer what level of structure in the keratin protein does sodium thioglycolate work? A Primary Secondary B Tertiary C Quaternary D Slide 11 (Answer) / 50 2 Curly hairstyles can be accomplished by getting a permanent, often called a perm. During this process, hair is wrapped around rods and then treated with a chemical, such as sodium thioglycolate. This chemical disrupts the disulfide bonds in the hair, which is composed of a protein called keratin. It then reforms disulfide bonds in different places, forcing the hair to be curly. At Answer what level of structure in the keratin protein does C sodium thioglycolate work? A Primary Secondary B [This object is a pull tab] Tertiary C Quaternary D

Slide 12 / 50 3 Which statement is correct based on the structure of the macromolecule shown below? Answer A The long hydrocarbon chain makes it insoluble in water. B The hydroxyl groups make it soluble in water. C The carboxyl group makes it soluble in water. D The solubility is determined by the addition of an “R” group. Slide 12 (Answer) / 50 3 Which statement is correct based on the structure of the macromolecule shown below? Answer B A The long hydrocarbon chain makes it insoluble in water. B The hydroxyl groups make it soluble in water. C The carboxyl group makes it soluble in water. [This object is a pull tab] D The solubility is determined by the addition of an “R” group. Slide 13 / 50 4 Which of the statements concerning nitrogenous bases is incorrect? A Guanine and cytosine have a stronger bond than the other pairings. Answer B Purines always bond with purines and pyrimidines always bond with pyrimidines. C RNA uses uracil instead of thymine. D Purines are composed of two rings.

Slide 13 (Answer) / 50 4 Which of the statements concerning nitrogenous bases is incorrect? A Guanine and cytosine have a stronger bond than the other pairings. Answer B B Purines always bond with purines and pyrimidines always bond with pyrimidines. C RNA uses uracil instead of thymine. D Purines are composed of two rings. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 14 / 50 5 Many plant leaves have an outer layer, called the waxy cuticle, that aids in the prevention of dehydration via transpiration. When water falls on the waxy cuticle, it immediately beads up and rolls off. Based on this information, what must be true of the waxy cuticle? Answer A It is amphiphilic. It hydrolyzes the water molecules. B C It is hydrophobic. It has catalytic properties. D Slide 14 (Answer) / 50 5 Many plant leaves have an outer layer, called the waxy cuticle, that aids in the prevention of dehydration via transpiration. When water falls on the waxy cuticle, it immediately beads up and rolls off. Based on this information, what must be true of the waxy cuticle? Answer C A It is amphiphilic. It hydrolyzes the water molecules. B [This object is a pull tab] It is hydrophobic. C It has catalytic properties. D