Six classes 9 1. Highly fluorinated chemicals F water and oil - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
six classes
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Six classes 9 1. Highly fluorinated chemicals F water and oil - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 08, 2023 44 likes •198 views

Six classes 9 1. Highly fluorinated chemicals F water and oil repellants, surfactants 17 Cl 2. Antimicrobials triclosan, triclocarban 35 Br 3. Flame retardants brominated, chlorinated, phosphate 4. Bisphenols and phthalates

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Six classes

  • 5. Organic solvents

benzene, methylene chloride...

  • 6. Certain metals

lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic...

  • 4. Bisphenols and phthalates

plastic additives…

1

  • 1. Highly fluorinated chemicals

water and oil repellants, surfactants…

  • 2. Antimicrobials

triclosan, triclocarban…

  • 3. Flame retardants

brominated, chlorinated, phosphate

9

F

17

Cl

35

Br

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Toxics Use Reduction Institute

Organic Solvents

Six Chemical Classes Webinar Series

Liz Harriman Toxics Use Reduction Institute

harriman@turi.org 978-934-3387 October 2013

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Solvents – basic functions

  • Dissolve or disperse materials
  • Carrier solvents
  • Cleaning and stripping
  • Mixing medium

3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Hydrocarbon Solvents

  • Aliphatic organic

solvents

– Petroleum distillates, mineral spirits, hexane

  • Aromatic organic

solvents

– Toluene, xylene, benzene

4

  • Paints, coatings,

thinners

  • adhesives, printing

inks

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Chlorinated Solvents

  • Methylene chloride

(dichloromethane)

  • perchloroethylene

(perc)

5

  • Paint strippers
  • Dry cleaning

Credit: Making it mine blogspot

slide-6
SLIDE 6
  • Nail polish and polish

remover

  • Janitorial cleaners,

personal care products

Oxygenated Solvents

  • Examples:
  • ethyl acetate
  • Acetone
  • glycol ethers
  • alcohols

6

slide-7
SLIDE 7
  • Dry Cleaning
  • cosmetics, hair conditioners,

personal care products

Volatile Methyl Siloxanes: cyclosiloxanes

  • Examples:
  • D5 cyclic

siloxane

  • D4 and D5

cyclic siloxanes

(cyclomethicone, cyclosiloxanes) 7

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Water

Nature’s original solvent

8

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Human Health Concerns

Broad, diverse category with various concerns

  • Neurotoxicity – most organic solvents
  • Carcinogenicity – Chlorinated/brominated
  • Liver and kidney toxicity - many organic

solvents

  • Reproductive toxicity

– e.g., ethylene glycol ethers, N methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)

  • Contact dermatitis, defatting of skin – many
  • rganic solvents

9

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Other Concerns

Broad, diverse category with various concerns

  • Environmental Concerns

– Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contribute to ground level ozone pollution – Potential groundwater contamination from spills – Persistence – siloxanes, chlorinated solvents

  • Safety Concerns

– Flammability – many organic solvents

10

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Examples of Exposure

  • Methylene Chloride paint strippers

– Very volatile, high inhalation exposure – High vapor density – vapor “sinks” – Worker deaths from bathtub refinishing

  • Cyclosiloxanes

– Volatile, inhalation exposure – Used widely in personal care products and found throughout the environment – Health and environmental concerns

11

Credit: Making it mine blogspot

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Siloxanes - Current activity and concerns There’s no such place as “away”

  • Cyclic Siloxanes – D4, D5, D6

– EPA negotiating exposure monitoring agreement with

  • industry. Risk Assessment is planned.

– Biomonitoring California

  • D5: Canadian Siloxane D5 Board of Review

– concluded that although persistent, unlikely to cause environmental effects

  • D4: - Canada requires pollution prevention planning

– EU Determination of Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic 12

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Solutions? Safer Alternatives

  • Paints and coatings: water-based products
  • Paint strippers: dibasic esters
  • Garment dry cleaning: wet cleaning
  • Ethylene based glycol ethers: propylene

based glycol ethers

13

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Take Away Points for Solvents

  • Diverse set of substances
  • Many known health, environmental and

safety concerns

– Neurotoxicity, flammability, Liver and kidney toxicity, respiratory, eye and skin irritants

  • Some emerging concerns or questions

– E.g., cyclosiloxanes

  • Safer alternatives available
  • Move forward using Green Chemistry

14

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Contact Information: Liz Harriman Toxics Use Reduction Institute UMass Lowell harriman@turi.org 978-934-3387 www.turi.org

15

Book recommendation: Materials Matter By Dr. Kenneth Geiser “The products we purchase and use are assembled from a wide range of naturally occurring and manufactured materials. But too often we create hazards for the ecosystem and human health as we mine, process, distribute, use and dispose of these materials… This book argues that the safest and least costly point at which to avoid environmental damage is when materials are first designed and selected for use…”