Sind ndh Dr Drough ught Ne Needs ds Assessm sment Presentation on Findings of Assessment (Draft) January 18, 2019 Islamabad
Objectives and Methodology of Assessment Objectives The assessment was conducted by Natural Disasters Consortium (NDC) with the following specific objectives: • To assess the impact of the drought on agriculture (crop cultivation, production, water availability and livestock), livelihoods and food security, access to water and sanitation and hygiene practices of the households and communities. • To provide recommendations to the Government of Sindh, NDC partners, and other decision/policy makers to prioritize actions (short, medium and long term) in relevant sectors and geographic areas to address immediate needs, build back better and increase future resilience to drought. Methodology • Assessment was conducted in 69 sampled drought notified revenue villages (Dehs) of the eight districts, namely, Tharparkar, Umerkot, Sanghar, Thatta, Badin, Jamshoro, Dadu and Kambar Shahdadkot. • Assessment was carried out in October 2018, and used a multi-sector household level questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) tools. • Total 1,229 households were interviewed in 69 Dehs of 53 Union Councils, located in 24 sub-districts (Talukas/Tehsils) of the 8 districts. • Of 1,229 surveyed households, 92% were interviewed in desert/arid areas, and 12% were headed by women.
Agriculture (Crops and Livestock Sectors)
Land Ownership, Crop Cultivation and Production • On average, the surveyed households own 3.1 acres Water Availabilty for Agriculture Compared to Last Year of land whereas cultivate 2.8 acres only. UMERKOT 2% 96% 2% • Water availability is reported very low by the surveyed households. 98% in Umerkot, 93% in Tharparkar and 82 % in Sanghar reported water THARPARKAR 60% 33% 2% 5% either not available or very less available compared to 2017. SANGHAR 18% 64% 9% 9% • Compared to 2016-17 seasons, cultivation area KAMBAR SHAHDADKOT 65% 2% 8% 26% (measured in acres) for wheat reduced by 17% in 2017-18, rice by 70% , cotton by 16% , cluster beans by 30% , millet by 38% and pulses by 45% . JAMSHORO 34% 16% 23% 27% • Compared with the 2016-17 agricultural season, DADU 30% 36% 21% 12% overall crop production (measured in maunds) for wheat reduced by 23% , sorghum by 33% , rice by 35% , cotton by 18% , cluster beans, millet and BADIN 56% 11% 8% 25% sesame each by 83% and pulses by 95% . OVERALL 50% 30% 7% 13% • Own production of cereals for household consumption was only sufficient for about 2.8 Water not available at all Very less water available months (lowest 2.3 months in Tharparkar). Water available to some extent Less/no shortage of water
Livestock/Poultry Ownership Ownership of Livestock/Poultry 94% 91% 90% 87% 87% 84% 83% 81% 78% 36% 31% 25% 22% 14% 12% 10% 9% 2% OVERALL BADIN DADU JAMSHORO KAMBAR SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT SHAHDADKOT Districts Households Own Livestock Households Own Poultry Ownership of Livestock/Poultry by Households-Currently 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% OVERALL BADIN DADU JAMSHORO SHAHDADKOT SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT KAMBAR Cattle Buffaloes Goats Sheep Camels Donkeys Poultry
Livestock/Poultry Deaths and Sale Percentage of Households Reported Livestock/Poultry Deaths during Past Six Months 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% OVERALL BADIN DADU JAMSHORO KAMBAR SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT SHAHDADKOT Cattle Buffaloes Goats Sheep Camels Donkeys Poultry Percentage of Households Sold Livestock/Poultry during Past Six Months 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% OVERALL BADIN DADU JAMSHORO KAMBAR SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT SHAHDADKOT Cattle Buffaloes Goats Sheep Camels Donkeys Poultry
Livelihood/Income Sources, Food Consumption and Food Security
11% reduction in average monthly income compared to six months ago 45.3% Non-agricultural OVERALL 10,581 wage labour 9,401 12.0% Agricultural wage labour Primary Sources of Livelihood Currently Sale of 8,702 10.3% BADIN agriculture 7,967 produce (sale… 7.6% Sale of livestock Income from all sources six month ago Household Main Sources of Livelihood Currently 9,212 DADU Sale of livestock 4.2% 8,871 products Small 4.0% JAMSHORO business/self 16,601 employed 12,983 16.6% Other SHAHDADKOT KAMBAR 8,063 21.5% Non-agricultural wage labour 7,182 17.0% Agricultural wage labour SANGHAR Income from all sources currently 8,256 Secondary Sources of Livelihood Currently 14.3% 7,983 Sale of livestock THARPARKAR 9.2% BISP support 10,303 9,672 Sale of livestock 7.8% products THATTA 13,901 Sale of 6.7% agriculture 10,592 produce (sale… 6.7% Handicrafts UMERKOT 12,049 9,934 16.9% Other
Food Consumption, Coping Strategies and Access to Markets Food od C Con onsumption ion 67 % households spend more than 65% (‘high’ and 3.2% 4.6% 11.1% 18.1% 18.6% 19.2% ‘very high’) of total HHs expenditure on acquiring food 26.9% 34.6% 35.0% 32.5% 45.4% 20.0% 41 % households each have ‘poor’ and ‘borderline’ 55.0% 40.8% whereas 18% have ‘acceptable’ food consumption 50.0% 21.2% 52.7% 43.6% 83% households used at least one livelihood-based 64.3% 60.8% coping strategy to meet their food needs during past 50.0% 44.2% 40.6% 34.0% 30 days 31.9% 21.4% 20.4% 55% of the households travel for more than 10 km to Badin Dadu Jamshoro Kambar shadadkot Sanghar Tharparkar Thatta Umerkot Overall access markets to buy food and non-food items Poor Borderline Acceptable
Food Insecurity based on Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) Prevalence of Moderate and Severe Food Insecurity 90% 81% 79% 77% 72% 71% 64% 64% 58% 45% 43% 37% 35% 32% 29% 28% 27% 21% OVERALL BADIN DADU JAMSHORO KAMBAR SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT SHADADKOT Moderate or Severe Severe FIES is used to compute SDG 2-Zero Hunger indicator 2.1.2: Prevalence of Moderate and Severe Food Insecurity among Population. Overall, 71% of surveyed households are moderately or severely food insecure, whereas 32% are severely food insecure.
Migration, Health and Nutrition and Access to Water and Sanitation
Migration Migration of Household Members/Entire Family Main Reasons for Migration UMERKOT UMERKOT 66% 3% 19% 6% 3% 3% 17% 10% 74% THATTA 100% THARPARKAR 81% 11% 3% 3% THARPARKAR 25% 75% SANGHAR 58% 8% 17% 8% 8% 0% SANGHAR 14% 86% DADU 100% KAMBAR SHADADKOT 100% BADIN 74% 10% 0% 10% 3% 3% JAMSHORO 100% Less Livelihood Opportunities Loss of Livelihood DADU 99% Lack of Drinking Water Lack of fodder / grazing for livestock BADIN 26% 74% Disease / Illness non availability of irrigation water Other Yes, Seasonal Yes, Migration Due to Drought No Migration
Health and Nutrition Main Problems faced by households in Average Distance to Health Facility Mostly Accessed by Households (KMs) accessing health facilities/providers 41.4 are: Long distance to health • facility/providers 20.8 20.6 19.8 18.2 16.0 13.3 13.5 11.4 High cost of health services • Limited availability of transport • OVERALL BADIN DADU JAMSHORO SHADADKOT SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT KAMBAR Limited availability of health staff, • medicines and medical equipment at health facilities GAM by Weight for Height (WFH) % Children 0 to 59 months Ref: NNS-2018 (un published/preliminary data) 29.1% 26.6% 22.8% 22.7% 18.0% 17.5% 16.7% 14.3% BADIN DADU JAMSHORO SHAHDADKOT SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT KAMBAR
Access to Water and Sanitation • Overall, only 72% of the surveyed households currently have access to improved water sources, while 28% forced to rely on unimproved sources of drinking water. • 64 % of those surveyed in Thatta, 44% in Tharparkar and 42% in Sanghar relying on unimproved sources of water. • Overall 38 % of surveyed households indicated that the drinking water available is insufficient for their household needs, with 61%, 58% and 43% of households from Tharparkar, Sanghar and Thatta respectively reporting as such. One Way Time Taken to Travel to Water Source Households Reporting Water Treatment 7% Measures at Household Level 21% 27% 20% 35% 37% 52% 73% 24% 79% 21% 13% 42% 33% 18% 14% 8% 29% 34% 0% 40% 15% 37% 71% 25% 14% 10% 2% 5% 3% 2% BADIN DADU JAMSHORO KAMBAR SANGHAR THARPARKAR THATTA UMERKOT SHADADKOT No measure Boiling In the house/on the compound Less than 10 minutes’ walk Chlorination Cloth filtration 10-30 minutes’ walk More than 30 minutes’ walk • Surveyed population overwhelmingly (82%) has no access to a household toilet and therefore practice open defecation; 96% in Thatta, 94% in Kambar Shahdadkot, 88% in Dadu, 86% in Badin , 81% in Umerkot and 75% in Tharparkar
Balochistan Drought Assessment With same objectives as in Sindh, NDC is also conducting assessment in 14 districts of Balochistan, namely, Pishin, Killa Abdullah, Loralai, Kachhi (Bolan), Dera Bugti, Jhal Magsi, Nushki, Chagai, Kharan, Washuk, Awaran, Panjgur, Kech (Turbat) and Gwadar districts. First phase of assessment in 10 districts has already completed, whereas it will be completed in 4 districts (Nushki, Kharan, Awaran and Jhal Magsi ) by January 20. Around 5,150 households were interviewed in 14 districts. Preliminary findings of the Balochistan Assessment will be ready in first week of February.
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