Silent surfaces: an experience in Portugal Elisabete Freitas - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Silent surfaces: an experience in Portugal Elisabete Freitas - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 09, 2023 153 likes •386 views

Silent surfaces: an experience in Portugal Elisabete Freitas Elisabete Freitas & Paulo Pereira & Paulo Pereira Universidade do Minho, Portugal Universidade do Minho, Portugal Joel Paulo & Paulo & Bento

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SLIDE 1

Portorož, Slovenia

Silent surfaces: an experience in Portugal

  • Presented

Presented by by

  • Fabienne

Fabienne Anfosso Anfosso-

  • L

Lé éd dé ée e, , LCPC, France LCPC, France

  • fabienne.anfosso@lcpc.fr
  • Elisabete

Elisabete Freitas Freitas & Paulo Pereira & Paulo Pereira

  • Universidade do Minho, Portugal

Universidade do Minho, Portugal

  • Joel

Joel Paulo & Paulo & Bento Bento Coelho Coelho

  • I nstituto Superior T

I nstituto Superior Té écnico, Lisbon, Portugal cnico, Lisbon, Portugal

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SLIDE 2

Portorož, Slovenia

Organization

  • Overview of past Portuguese experiments
  • Experiment description
  • Properties of asphalt mixes
  • Noise measurement
  • Weather, Texture, Skid resistance
  • Results
  • Noise –

far field test

  • Noise –

near field test

  • Noise –

far field versus near field test

  • Noise –

near field test – spectra

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 3

Portorož, Slovenia

Overview of past Portuguese experim ents

  • Studies based on environm ental noise - Leq ( 1 5 -3 0 m in)
  • Gap graded asphalt rubber versus “rough” dense asphalt

noise reduction = 5 to 8 dB( A)

  • Gap graded asphalt rubber versus cement concrete

noise reduction = 8 to 1 0 dB( A)

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SLIDE 4

Portorož, Slovenia

Overview of past Portuguese experim ents

  • Studies based on Controlled Pass-By Method ( CPB)
  • Porous asphalt versus dense asphalt and dry versus wet

surfaces

Vehicle

  • Ref. speed

(km/h) PAw - PAd (dB(A)) DAw - DAd (dB(A)) DAd - PAd (dB(A)) DAw - PAw (dB(A))

L1 80 6.1 7.6 1.4 2.9 L2a 70 0.3 0.5 3.3 2.5 L2b 70 2.0 1.0 3.8 2.8 L1 110 6.2 7.3 2.5 3.6 L2a 85 3.2 4.9 1.3 0.0 L2b 85 2.6 2.2 0.5 0.1

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SLIDE 5

Portorož, Slovenia

Overview of past Portuguese experim ents

  • Studies based on Controlled Pass-By Method ( CPB)
  • Layers assessed: gap graded asphalt rubber, dense

asphalt, unconventional gap graded asphalt mixtures with small aggregate size (< 7 mm)

  • 4.6
  • 5.4
  • 5.7

2.9 0.1

  • 2.8
  • 5.3
  • 7.7
  • 1.2
  • 3.4
  • 2.4

5.4 1.3

  • 4.8
  • 6.1
  • 7.3

3.3

  • 1.4
  • 3.4
  • 5.8
  • 6.9
  • 3.5
  • 3.3
  • 4.6

3.4

  • 1.3
  • 2.8
  • 3.7
  • 4.7

4.1 1.6

  • 4.1
  • 3.0
  • 3.7

1.9 1.5 1.5 5.7 1.6 1.6 2.3 0.3

  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6 50 70 90 50 70 50 70 90 Light vehicle (P) Heavy vehicle Light vehicle (S) Speed level (km/h) Variation of the average noise level (dB(A))

S2(GG6) S5(GG7) S7(GGAR10) S1(GG12) S6(GGAR12) S3(GGAR14)

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SLIDE 6

Portorož, Slovenia

Overview of past Portuguese experim ents

  • Analysis
  • The big maximum aggregate size of conventional

Portuguese surface mixtures seems to control noise

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Sieve size (mm) Percentage passing (%) DA 0/16 PA 0/16 TL 0/12 (rough 1) TL 0/19 (rough 2) TL 0/10 (smooth) TL 0/8 (France) RA 0/19 (rough) GGAR

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SLIDE 7

Portorož, Slovenia

Experim ent description

  • Rehabilitation project: urban distribution road in the centre of

the city of Braga

  • Three surface layers constructed consecutively:
  • ne dense asphalt layer with 12 mm of maximum aggregate size
  • two very-thin surfaces with different grading

(adaptation of the very-thin layers, widely used in France, to Portuguese conditions)

  • Noise assessment methods
  • Controlled Pass-By method
  • Close Proximity Method
  • Other complementary tests
  • Macrotexture and skid resistance
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SLIDE 8

Portorož, Slovenia

Properties of asphalt m ixes

TL2 (DA1 0/12) TL1 DA2 (0/12) DA2 (0/12)

N

TL2 DA

PK 1+885m PK 1+770m PK 0+860m PK 0+950m PK 0+000m PK 0+550m PK 0+640m PK 0+000m PK 2+743m

DA1 (0/12)

PK 1+790m PK 2+743m

TL1 Microphone position

Type of mix Thickness (cm) Max. aggregate size (mm) Void content* (%) TL1 3 8 15.0 TL2 3 8 18.5 DA (0/12) 4 12 4.9

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Sieve size (mm) Percentage passing (%) TL2 DA 0/12 TL1

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SLIDE 9

Portorož, Slovenia

Testing vehicles and speed

  • 2 passenger cars
  • 2 pass-bys each at 50, 80, 110 km/ h
  • 1 tri-axle truck:
  • 2 pass-bys at 60, 80, 90 km/ h
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SLIDE 10

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise m easurem ent

  • CPX method
  • Based on ISO CD 11819-2
  • Captured signals in a dedicated audio module – Matlab
  • Test sections with more than 100 m
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SLIDE 11

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise m easurem ent

  • CPB method
  • Based on ISO 11819-1 (1.2 m, 7.5 m)
  • Simultaneous measurement in each direction

(2 microphones, 2 surface layers)

  • Tests carried out at night
  • Traffic closed in both directions
  • Vehicle’s engine switched on
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SLIDE 12

Portorož, Slovenia

W eather / Texture / Skid resistance

  • Air temperature ≈

surface temperature: [ 5.5; 7.9] º C

  • Wind speed: < 1 m/ s
  • Texture near microphone position:
  • TL 1 ≈

1.1 mm

  • TL 2 ≈

1.3 mm

  • DA1 ≈

0.8 mm

  • DA2 ≈

0.6 mm

  • Skid resistance: 0.6 (average)
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SLIDE 13

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – far field test

75 80 85 90 95 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Speed (km/h) Lmax (dB(A))

TL1 DA1 DA2 TL2

  • Heavy vehicle

1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th

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SLIDE 14

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – far field test

  • Light vehicles

1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th

60 65 70 75 80 85 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Speed (km/h) Lmax (dB(A))

TL1 DA1 DA2 TL2

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SLIDE 15

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – far field test

  • Noise level at reference speed

Type of vehicle Speed Noise level (dB(A)) (km/h) TL1 DA1 DA2 TL2 Max-Min Heavy 60 81.6 83.1 82.2 82.8 1.6 80 85.9 88.9 88.6 87.1 2.9 90 87.7 91.2 91.2 88.8 3.5 Light 50 65.5 67.0 67.7 63.8 3.9 80 69.5 73.4 74.1 68.5 5.6 110 72.2 77.8 78.5 71.7 6.8

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SLIDE 16

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – far field test

  • Comparison - TL2 with GG asphalt rubber (10 mm) and DA

Type of vehicle Speed Noise level (dB(A)) (km/h) DA (0/16) GGAR (0/10) DA (0/16) –TL2 GGAR (0/10) – TL2 Light 50 71.2 66.5 7.4 2.7 80 77.7 71.0 9.2 2.5 110 82.1 74.1 10.4 2.4

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SLIDE 17

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – near field test

  • CPX vehicle

80 85 90 95 100 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Speed (km/h) Lmax (dB(A))

TL1 DA1 DA2 TL2

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SLIDE 18

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – near field test

  • Noise level at reference speed

Speed Noise level (dB(A)) (km/h) TL1 DA1 DA2 TL2 Max-Min 50 81.0 83.8 82.7 80.9 2.9 80 87.4 90.5 90.0 87.1 3.1 110 91.8 95.0 95.0 91.3 3.3

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SLIDE 19

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – far field versus near field test

  • Noise level at reference speed

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 60 65 70 75 80 Lmax - CPX (dB(A)) Lmax - SPB (dB(A))

TL1 TL2 DA1 DA2 Linear (TL1) Linear (TL2) Linear (DA1) Linear (DA2)

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SLIDE 20

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – far field versus near field test

  • Noise attenuation

10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Speed (km/h) Noise attenuation (dB(A)) TL1 DA1 DA2 TL2

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SLIDE 21

Portorož, Slovenia

Noise – near field test – noise spectra

  • Example spectra at 80 km/ h

50,0 55,0 60,0 65,0 70,0 75,0 80,0 85,0 90,0 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 6300 8000 TL1 TL2 DA1 DA2

1/3 Octave Bands (Hz)

80 Km/h

L A m a x ( d B A )

Cancelling effect

  • n thin layers:

after device verification, further tests have shown similar trend

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SLIDE 22

Portorož, Slovenia

Conclusions

  • Silent surfaces need more attention in Portugal
  • With the use of the adapted thin layers important noise

reductions can be achieved (up to 7 dB(A))

  • Based on this experience, the thin layers studied may be

recommended to be used in all types of roads (rural and urban)

  • It is inttended to repeat noise tests every year