SEISMIC APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FIBER MATERIAL UEDA Tamon Hokkaido - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SEISMIC APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FIBER MATERIAL UEDA Tamon Hokkaido - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SEISMIC APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FIBER MATERIAL UEDA Tamon Hokkaido University US Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21 22 October 2009, Sapporo 1 Sustainable Infrastructures Minimize the

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SEISMIC APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FIBER MATERIAL

UEDA Tamon Hokkaido University

1 US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo

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SLIDE 2

Sustainable Infrastructures

Minimize the burden to

  • Natural environment

– Lessing burden by making structure durable

  • Social environment

– Financial burden, etc

Maximize the benefit to

  • Natural environment
  • Social environment

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 2

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SLIDE 3

Sustainable Infrastructure

Life Cycle Cost

  • Initial cost

– Still main issue for financial department – Important for social discount rate

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 3

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SLIDE 4

FRP

Disadvantage

  • High material cost

High initial cost

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 4

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Necessary Material Property

  • Strength/Stiffness or Deformability?
  • Property Necessary for Flexural and Shear

Reinforcement of Concrete Structures

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 5

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SLIDE 6

Strength/Stiffness or Deformability?

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 6

Fig.1

Carbon/Aramid high strength and stiffness Polyacetal Polyester high fracturing strain

Strength/ stiffness Fracturing strain (High cost) (Low cost) Low cost High cost

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Strength/Stiffness or Deformability?

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 7

Strength/stiffness can be replaced

2000 MPa strength with 100 mm2 cross section 200 MPa strength with 1000 mm2 cross section

equivalent

Deformability cannot be replaced

  • Material with 10% deformability cannot

be replaced by material with 1% deformability

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SLIDE 8

Strength/Stiffness or Deformability?

Consequently High deformability could be a better option than high strength/stiffness

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 8

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Necessary Property for Member Strength ‐ Flexural Reinforcement ‐

  • Case of other material (no yielding with a

moderate fracturing strain)

– Not only strength but also fracturing strain is required

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 9

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SLIDE 10

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 10

Necessary Property for Member Strength ‐ Flexural Reinforcement ‐

What is the strain at flexural strength?

Stress distribution Strain distribution

Strain compatibility and force equilibrium

⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ − ′ = 2

2 1 2 ,

x k d f xk bk M

c c fu

( )

c cu s s c cu s s cu s s

f b k k d E A f b k k E A E A x ′ ′ ′ + ′ + ′ − =

2 1 2 1 2

2 4 ε ε ε x x d

cu s

− ′ = ε ε

Strain at flexural strength

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SLIDE 11

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 11

Necessary Property for Member Strength ‐ Flexural Reinforcement ‐

  • Thus, fracturing strain εtu should be greater

than strain εs at flexural strength

x x d

cu s tu

− ′ = > ε ε ε εs depends on reinforcement amount and concrete strength.

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SLIDE 12

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 12

Necessary Property for Member Strength ‐ Shear Reinforcement ‐

  • Similarly, strain εw of shear reinforcement

at shear strength depends on (Sato et al

1997) – Stiffness of flexural reinforcement – Stiffness of shear reinforcement – Concrete strength

Reinf’t. stiffness Reinf’t. strain εw

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US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 13

Necessary Property for Member Deformability ‐ Flexural Reinforcement ‐

  • Steel is an excellent material

– Yielding energy dissipation – High fracturing strain (over 20%) deformability

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SLIDE 14

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 14

Necessary Property for Member Deformability ‐ Shear Reinforcement ‐

  • Shear reinforcement with a high fracturing

strain and without yielding gives Ductile shear failure

εw

Best!

steel carbon, etc

  • Examples of such material

– Polyacetal Fiber (PAF) with 6-9% fracturing strain – Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) with 13.8% fracturing strain

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SLIDE 15

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 15

Necessary Property for Member Deformability ‐ Shear Reinforcement ‐

  • New design concept for shear

– Shear failure is no longer brittle Shear failure is can be treated as flexural failure (same safety factor)

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SLIDE 16

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 16

New Retrofit Method

  • To enhance deformability by

shear reinforcement with high fracturing strain

– A‐P Jacketing (Duplex jacketing)

  • Material with high deformability in

hinge zone (PET)

  • Material with high stiffness in other

zone (Aramid)

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SLIDE 17

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 17

New Retrofit Method

  • Enhancement of deformability and strength

in shear

Flexure dominant case Shear dominant case Reference specimen Specimen with carbon

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US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 18

New Retrofit Method

  • PET shows good performance

– Confining cover concrete – No fracturing

I n a specimen we found a fracture of steel tie reinforcement but no fracture of PET sheet

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SLIDE 19

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 19

New Model for Ultimate Deformation ‐ Strength Model ‐

  • Potential shear strength

– Depending on stiffness of flexural and shear reinforcement stiffness – If it becomes less than flexural strength, it controls member strength

Potential shear strength dominant Potential flexural strength dominant

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SLIDE 20

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 20

New Model for Ultimate Deformation ‐ Deformation Model ‐

  • Shear deformation

– Expanded version of model before flexural yielding (Ueda, et al 2004) – Truss deformation

Deformation of compression and tension strut

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US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 21

New Model for Ultimate Deformation ‐ Deformation Model ‐

  • On‐going work

– Flexural deformation model in hinge zone

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Cost Comparison and Practical Application

  • There are practical applications.

– Seismic retrofit of railway viaduct

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 22

Tobu Line near Tokyo JR Line at Osaka station JR Line at Shin‐ Sapporo station

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Cost Comparison and Practical Application

  • Competitive to conventional fiber material

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 23

■ A&P Jacketing ■ Jacketing with Aramid Shear span to depth ratio La/D Direct construction cost （Yen/m2)

1000×1000 mm section

pt=0.86% pw=0.17% σN=1.0MPa

800×800 mm section

pt=1.00% pw=0.21% σN=1.0MPa

Shear span to depth ratio, La/D Direct construction cost （Yen/m2)

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Concluding Remarks

  • Sustainable infrastructure materials should be durable so

that life cycle cost of infrastructure would be less.

  • Many FRP materials have an advantage to steel due to the

non‐corrosiveness. However, the high material cost of FRP prevents the practical application from being spread widely.

  • The new type of fiber materials, whose fracturing strain is

high and cost is low, could be a good solution to reduce initial cost so as to reduce the barrier against FRP application.

  • Furthermore, the fiber with high fracturing strain can

provide a better solution for obtaining good seismic performance of structures than conventional fiber materials and steel.

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 24

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

  • The author would like to show his sincere

gratitude to Mr Hiroshi NAKAI of Maeda Kosen

  • Co. Ltd. who kindly provided him the

information on the cost and practical applications of seismic retrofit with PET fiber sheet.

US‐Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials, 21‐22 October 2009, Sapporo 25