Security Engineering Based on Atomically Thin Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Davood Shahrjerdi Electrical and Computer Engineering Department , New York University
Our team at NYU Nano Lab Abdullah Alharbi Ting Wu PhD student PhD student Zhujun Huang Sirius You PhD student PhD student 2
Laboratory for Nano-engineered Integrated System Nanoelectronics Material & Materials Device (Bio-)Sensing security Innovations 3 Flexible Electronics
22 nm ETSOI CMOS on plastic 28% efficient flexible III-V solar cells DS, et al. Nano Lett 2013 DS, et al., J. Advanced Energy Materials, 2013 Nanoscale devices for bio-sensing Heterogeneous graphene+CMOS for bio-sensing TW, DS et al. ACS Nano, 2017 4 BN, TW, DS et al. ISSCC , 2017 BN, TW, DS et al. IEEE TBioCAS 2017
Transition metal dichalchogenides (TMD) Hexagonal lattice structure with chemical formula of MX 2 M= Transition metal (Mo, W, etc) X = Chalcogen atom (S, Se, or Te) - Strong spin-orbit coupling - Valley degeneracy at k and k’ points 5
Negative quantum capacitance S. Larentis, et al., Nano Lett., 2014 6
Proximity effects: Inducing spin-orbit in graphene 7 Z. Wang, et al., Nat. Comm., 2015
RF-switches from 2D TMDs 8 M. Kim, et al., Nat. Comm., 2018
2-D Van der Waals heterostructures - Substrate agnostic - Stacking a wide range of materials (insulators, semiconductors, etc) - Rotational alignment - No need for epitaxy Ajayan, Kim, Physics Today, 2016 9
Mechanical exfoliation: Isolation of monolayer 2-D materials Nobel prize in Physics, 2010 Andre Geim, and Konstantin Novoselov 10
Large-area synthesis of TMDs CVD growth of WS 2 and MoS 2 • Structural heterogeneity revealed by PL and Raman studies Alharbi, DS, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016 11 Alharbi, DS, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2017
Understanding inherent properties of TMDs - Highest mobility reported for CVD MoS 2 and WS 2 - Mobility is limited by disorders Alharbi, DS, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016 Alharbi, DS, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2017 12 Alharbi, et al. IEEE TED, 2018 Alharbi, et al. IEEE EDL, in press
Healing defects using superacids M. Amani, et al. Science, 2015 13
Healing S-vacancy defects using superacids Alharbi, DS, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2017 14
1 in 10 medical products in developing countries is substandard or falsified 15 World Health Organization Report, 2017
Our Goal: Creating Optical tags for securing pharmaceutical supply chain 1- Unique nano-tags 2- Physically transient 3- Easy readout 16 A. Alharbi, DS, US Patent pending
Atomically thin optical nano-tags Leverage two fundamental materials properties: 1- Dependence of TMD bandgap size and type on number of layers 2- Possibility to tune growth mode and achieve layer-plus-island growth (Spatial Poisson’s distribution) 17 A. Alharbi, DS, US Patent pending
Atomically thin optical nano-tags 18
Thin-film growth modes - Depends on deposition rate and growth temperature - Beyond critical growth condition, the growth mode is layer-plus-island 19
Atomically thin optical nano-tags 20 Alharbi, DS, ACS Nano , 2017 (Research highlight by Nature Nano)
Understanding dynamics of the growth 21
Large-area synthesis of nano-tags 10 um - Clark-Evans test suggests complete spatial randomness - Avarami equation suggests a 2D disk-shaped growth governed by the 22 surface diffusion
Physical implementation of nano-tags (Nanofabrication) 20 um Raman fingerprint of 1L, 2L, and >2L MoS 2 23
Edge recombination in 2-D TMDs P. Zhao, et al. Nano Lett., 2017 24
Optical properties of MoS 2 layers 25
Conversion of the analog response to a binary response Integrated photoemission of a pixel covered by 50% monolayer 26
Security metrics of nano-tags 4x10 17 worst-case number of attempts to guess an unknown (64-bit) key from another known key. 27
Physical unclonability of nano-tags 28
Conclusions Unique physical properties of 2-D layered materials together with fundamental properties of thin-film growth can create new paradigms for securing supply chain of valuable goods (electronics or otherwise). 29
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