SCP and Climate Change - JICAs Cases - DAC-UNEP Workshop on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SCP and Climate Change

• JICA’s Cases-

DAC-UNEP Workshop on Sustainable Consumption and Production for Development Tomonori SUDO, Ph.D Office for Climate Change Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Facts & Figures of JICA

• Staff:

– 1,664 staff. They are supplemented at any one time by thousands of Japanese experts and young and senior volunteers on both short-term and long-term contracts.

• Operational Volume:

– It is the world’s largest bilateral development assistance agency with a size of estimated $10.3 billion dollars.

Comparison with other Major Donor Agencies

World Bank

Number of Staff 8,600 Volume of Operation US$19,634mil

Asian Development Bank

Number of Staff 2,443 Volume of Operation US$6,851mil

USAID

Number of Staff 2,227 Volume of Operation US$3,976mil

New JICA

Number of Staff 1,664 Volume of Operation* US$10,280mil

Exchange Rate used: JPY100.10/US$ (IFS rate for 2008 March end) *estimated based on FY2008 budget (full year)

Economic Development

Poverty

Industrialization

Forest Conservation

Biodiversity

Agriculture

Climate Change

Health & Sanitation

Use of fossil fuels =Increasing GHG Emission

Environmental SD Economic SD Social SD

Rural Development Urban Development Water Resource Management

Development Agenda and Climate Change

• Toward “Low Carbon Society”

Transport Energy

Education Waste management

Secure Developmental benefit Toward Low Carbon Society

Long-term vision

Climate change benefit as co-benefits of development

Cooperation for Sustainable Development from various levels

Projects Programs

Sector Policies Development Plan Integrate Climate Change Concerns into Development Actions Donor’s Assistance

• Financial

Assistance

• Technical

Assistance

Generating Developmental benefit GHG Reduction as co-benefit

5

Identification of factors to increase CO2Emission by economic growth and its forecast

Design of Social – Economic system with high resource productivity

Quantification of possible reduction of energy consumption by recycle use and/or cascade use of resource Possibility of CO2Emission Reduction by alternative resource use (esp. focus

• n Renewable resources)

Breakdown of Kaya Identity in resource consumption aspect

CO2Emission＝POP× × × GDP Energy Consumption CO2Emission POP GDP Energy Consumption CO2Emission Resource Cons Energy Cons CO2Emission GDP GDP Resource Cons Energy Cons ＝ × ×

Possibility on Compact city, “Rental/Lease society Service economy, use of ICT Resource recovery from waste and stocks International division of labour and International material cycle

Alternate fossil fuels by use of biomass, energy from waste

Factor analysis of CO2Emission focus on resource consumption Analysis on possible Leapfrogging development path for dev’ing countries

Hypothesis：「Society with high resource productivity≒Low Carbon Society

・Seeking possible style on production and consumption, Instead of consumeristic development. ・It is fundamentally recognized that increase of energy consumption and GHG emission in the lifecycle has been led by Increase of production/consumption of goods, that is, resource saving and low carbon development are deeply related.

Toward Low-Carbon Development

JICA’s approach

Policy Level Institution Level Program/Project Level

JICA’s approach

Towards Sustainable Consumption & Production Financial Assistance Technical Cooperation Top Down approach (Policy formation & implementation) Bottom-up effort (Program/Project activities)

To generate “co-benefit”

Co-benefit!

Policy  Project

Developmen t Objectives

Project Implementation Increase of power supply GHG Reduction

New Technology +

ODA （Finance and T/A）

Needs to Increase Power supply  Construction

• f New Power

Stations Increase of Power Demand, Rural Electrifications

Developmental benefit

Mitigation of Climate Change (Global Benefit）

Could it reduce GHG?

<Sample case>

Introduce climate friendly technology

New Technology +

ODA （Finance and T/A）

Pillar 1: Mitigation

1.1: LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry)

• Reforestation
• REDD
• Forest management

1.2: Energy

• Power plant
• Industry, domestic and

commercial

• Others

Pillar 2: Adaptation Pillar 3: Cross-cutting Issues

3.1:Understandin g the Impact of Climate Change 3.2: Mainstreaming Climate Change in the National Development Program

Example of the Policy Matrix formulated based on the policy dialogue

2.1: Water Resource Management 2.2: Water Supply and Sanitation 2.3: Agriculture 3.3: CDM 3.4: Co-Benefit 3.5: Fiscal Incentive 3.6: Early Warning System

Monitor, Review and advice

Steering Committee Partner country’s Government Donors Financial Assistance (General Budget Support, Project Loans, Grant Assistance) , Technical Cooperation Coordination among line ministries

Case program (1): Top-down approach (Policy formation & implementation)

Case program(2) Demand side approach

JICA

WB/GEF Gov of Australia

EGAT DSMO

• Implement Demand Side Management Program
• High energy efficient home appliances, light
• Green Building Program
• Thermal Energy Storage
• ESCO

Co-finance

US$25m US$9.5m US$5.4m

<Promotion of Electricity Energy Efficiency Project>

– Project objective:

• To build sufficient institutional capacity in Thailand’s

power sector, and energy-related private sector, so as to deliver cost-effective energy services throughout its economy,

• To pursue policies and implement actions which

would lead to the development, manufacture and adoption of energy efficient equipment and processes within Thailand. – Impact of the Project

• Approx 4,160 GWh of total energy consumption

were saved

• Over 3 million t-CO2 was reduced.

(During 8years project period) <The Project on the Practical Energy Management Training Center>

• Management system for Practical Energy Management

Training Center

• State examination system for PRE
• Pre-examination training courses
• Implementing structure for pre-exam training
• PRE support system

Current Situation of Energy Sector in Viet Nam

Rapid Increase of Energy consumption since 1986

→Appx 8% of GDP growth （Energy consumption marked 6 times from 1990 to 2006 due to its Economic growth） →This may continue because of its rapid economic growth （Energy consumption in 2025 is expected to be 5 times larger than that of 2006)

Estimated Energy consumption in Viet Nam （2005- 2025） Trend of Energy Consumption in Viet Nam （1990- 2006）

k TOE k TOE 年

（Ref）JICA Survey on National Energy Master Plan

年

20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

運輸分野 産業分野 その他 BAU case

年

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

運輸分野 産業分野 その他

6倍 1990年： 4 k TOE 2006年： 25 k TOE

年

5倍 2006年：25k TOE 2025年：118k TOE

Transport Industry Others Transport Industry Others

Case project(3) Production side approach <Viet Nam: EE &RE promoting project (EEREP)>

JICA’ assistances （Institutional development, awareness raising,

financial assistance & capacity development） EE master Plan

・Institutional development ・CD through Universities ・CD for EE Center

EEREP

・Mid-Long term financial assistance in EE/RE ・Awareness raising to private sectors

Issues on promotion of EE/RE in Viet Nam

＝Lack of institution, awareness, finance and capacity

Special Program responding Climate Change（SP- RCC）

Assistance for Institutional development such as legal framework for EE, preparation of RE master plan

CD for VDB

Development of capacity for Loan appraisal of VDB

ODA Loans TC

Case program(3) Production side approach <Viet Nam: EE &RE promoting project (EEREP)>

Outline of EEREP

Vietnam Dev Bank （VDB）

JICA

ODA Loan （JPY4billion）

Gov of Vietnam VDB Branch

Objective：Assist implementation & promotion of EE/RE by private sector in Viet Nam by providing Mid-Long term Finance

Lending Repayment Repayment

Target enterprises =SOEs, SMEs investing in EE/RE project

Support for CDM Project identification

ＣＤＭ 事業 CDM CDM activity

MONRE （ＤＮＡ）

List of sub- projects Support for update

Consulting services

TC CD of VDB for appraisal List of EE equipments Awareness raising (Seminars) EE Diagnosis

EEREP

Institute

• f Energy

EE Center

MOCI

TC EEMP

Conclusion

• Green Growth/Economy and SCP can be achieved in a

same way.

• Approach through development cooperation is a key for

implementation of SCP.

– Paris Declaration & Accra Agenda for Action are fundamental concepts

• Ownership of developing countries
• Alignment (Development policy, Country system-Green public

expenditure & Green Procurement)

• Capacity Development

Integration of SCP into development policy is needed.

• Well-coordinated Policies (Top-down) &

Programms/projects (Bottom-up) can change both consumption & production patterns in sustainable manner.