Science within constraints Science within constraints Mihriban - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

MAGNESIUM ALLOY MAGNESIUM ALLOY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT MAGNESIUM ALLOY MAGNESIUM ALLOY MAGNESIUM ALLOY MAGNESIUM ALLOY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

Mihriban Mihriban O. Pekguleryuz

• O. Pekguleryuz

McGill University McGill University Mihriban Mihriban O. Pekguleryuz

• O. Pekguleryuz

McGill University McGill University

Science within constraints Science within constraints

SLIDE 2

Magnesium alloy development challenges the scientist & engineer 3600

performance requirements

End user constraints Cost & availability Processing requirements

skepticism skepticism

Mg myth myth

lack of knowledge base lack of knowledge base

WHAT IS REQUIRED ? WHAT IS REQUIRED ?

Business savvy Industry knowledge

Knowledge base

SLIDE 3

BODY BODY

e.g Inner door panel, pillar structures

• Wrought products (formability)
• Structural casting alloys (ductility)

Requires new alloys and processes

SHORT TERM : POWERTRAIN SHORT TERM : POWERTRAIN

e.g . Transmission case, engine parts

• Creep resistance (150-200C)
• Corrosion resistance
• Mg-Al-RE & Mg-Al-Si

Requires new alloys

CURRENT USE: INTERIOR CURRENT USE: INTERIOR COMPONENTS COMPONENTS

e.g. Instrument Panel, steering wheel

• Stiffness, high ductility
• Energy absorption

AM alloys AM alloys

MID-TO-LONG-TERM MID-TO-LONG-TERM MID-TO-LONG-TERM

CHASSIS CHASSIS

e .g.

Wheel, suspension arm

• Strength
• High ductility, fatigue
• Corrosion resistance

Requires new alloys

• Yield strength

Mg ALLOY REQUIREMENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS Mg ALLOY REQUIREMENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

SLIDE 4

CASTING ALLOYS

• Creep resistant (175 C or above)
• Improved castability (thin-walled)

ALLOY TYPES NEEDED IN THE SHORT-TO-MID-TERM WROUGHT ALLOYS

• improved formability, rollability,

workability at room temperature

• corrosion resistance
• low cost processes

1990s-o-present

New challenges

SLIDE 5

DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS BAC BACKGRO GROUND ND BAC BACKGRO GROUND ND

• 1990s: potential use of Mg in the

1990s: potential use of Mg in the powertrain powertrain North America: oil North America: oil-

• pan, transmission case

pan, transmission case Europe: engine block and transmission case Europe: engine block and transmission case

• Requirements

Requirements : : Creep Creep-

• resistance

resistance and and tensile yield strength tensile yield strength at and above at and above 150 150° °C, C, castability castability and others and others… …. .

SLIDE 6

DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS DEVELOPMENT OF Mg CREEP RESISTANT CASTING ALLOYS BAC BACKGRO GROUND ND BAC BACKGRO GROUND ND

• Mg alloys have been traditional considered for die

Mg alloys have been traditional considered for die-

• casting

casting (HPDC)

(HPDC)

• Conventional alloys (Mg

Conventional alloys (Mg-

• Al, Mg

Al, Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Zn) HPDC alloys lose creep resistance above

Zn) HPDC alloys lose creep resistance above 120C. 120C.

• Traditional creep resistant alloys of Mg (HPDC) perform between

Traditional creep resistant alloys of Mg (HPDC) perform between 120 120-

• 150C.

150C.

• Aerospace alloys (WE42): not die

Aerospace alloys (WE42): not die-

• castable

castable; expensive ; expensive

T T ° °C C

ALLOY ALLOY Creep resistance Creep resistance

TRADITIONAL ALLOYS TRADITIONAL ALLOYS

AS41

medium

AS21 medium AE42

good up to 150C

AEROSPACE ALLOYS AEROSPACE ALLOYS

WE42

High (200-250C)

• 1990s to 2003: alloy development activities in North America, E

1990s to 2003: alloy development activities in North America, Europe, urope, Israel, Australia, China, Japan Israel, Australia, China, Japan

SLIDE 7

* PD: public domain ** NK: status not known

COMMERCIAL AND NEW Mg CREEP RESISTANT ALLOYS (HPDC) COMMERCIAL AND NEW Mg CREEP RESISTANT ALLOYS (HPDC)

ALLOY ALLOY DESIGNATION DESIGNATION INVENTOR STATUS / COMMENTS INVENTOR STATUS / COMMENTS Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Si

Si AS41 (Mg AS41 (Mg-

• 4Al

4Al-

• 1Si)

1Si) VW VW Commercial Commercial AS21 (Mg AS21 (Mg-

• 2Al

2Al-

• 1Si)

1Si) Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Si

Si (RE) (RE) AS21x AS21x Hydro Hydro Mag

• Mag. PATENTED

. PATENTED Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• RE

RE AE42 (Mg AE42 (Mg-

• 4Al

4Al-

• 2 RE)

2 RE) Dow Dow Commercial Commercial Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Ca

Ca AX51 {Mg AX51 {Mg-

• 5Al

5Al-

• (.2

(.2-

• .8)Ca}

.8)Ca} ITM ITM WO96/25529 (1995), PD* WO96/25529 (1995), PD* Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• RE

RE-

• Ca

Ca AEX AEX Nissan Nissan-

• UBE

UBE EP 0799901 A1 (1997) EP 0799901 A1 (1997) NK** NK** ACM522 ACM522--

• -(Mg

(Mg-

• 5Al

5Al-

• 2RE

2RE-

• 2Ca)

2Ca) Honda Honda EP 0791 662A1 (NK**) EP 0791 662A1 (NK**) Mg Mg-

• RE

RE-

• Ca (

Ca (Mn Mn) ) EX {Mg EX {Mg-

• (2

(2-

• 5)RE

5)RE-

• (0

(0-

• 1)Ca}

1)Ca} MEL MEL WO96/24701 (NK**) WO96/24701 (NK**) Mg Mg-

• Zn

Zn-

• Al

Al-

• Ca

Ca ZAX850 ZAX850 IMRA IMRA US 5855697 (1999) US 5855697 (1999) Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• RE

RE-

• Ca (

Ca (Sr Sr) ) MRI 153, MRI 230D MRI 153, MRI 230D DSM DSM-

• VW US 6139651 (2000)

VW US 6139651 (2000) Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Sr

Sr AJ {Mg AJ {Mg-

• (2

(2-

• 9)Al

9)Al-

• (.5

(.5-

• 7)Sr}

7)Sr} Noranda Noranda US 6322644 (2001) US 6322644 (2001) Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Ca

Ca-

• Sr

Sr AXJ {Mg AXJ {Mg-

• 5Al

5Al-

• (2

(2-

• 3)Ca

3)Ca-

• 0.07Sr

0.07Sr GM GM US 6264763 (2001) US 6264763 (2001) Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Sr

Sr-

• Ca

Ca AJX {Mg AJX {Mg-

• (2

(2-

• 9)Al

9)Al-

• (.2

(.2-

• .6)Sr

.6)Sr-

• (.15

(.15-

• .3Ca)

.3Ca) Noranda Noranda US 6342180 (2002) US 6342180 (2002)

SLIDE 8

Mg-Al-Ca ALLOYS BY ITM (INTERMAG)-1995-96 Mg-Al-Ca ALLOYS BY ITM (INTERMAG)-1995-96 Mg-Al- Mg-Al- Mg-Al- Mg-Al-Ca Ca Ca Ca ALLOYS BY ITM (INTERMAG)-1995-96 ALLOYS BY ITM (INTERMAG)-1995-96 ALLOYS BY ITM (INTERMAG)-1995-96 ALLOYS BY ITM (INTERMAG)-1995-96

* Source: J.F. King, ‘’Development of Magnesium * Source: J.F. King, ‘’Development of Magnesium Diecasting Diecasting Alloys,’’ Magnesium Alloys and their Applications, B.L. Alloys,’’ Magnesium Alloys and their Applications, B.L. Mordike Mordike, K.U. , K.U. Kainer Kainer, , Eds Eds, , Proc Proc. . Vol

• Vol. Sponsored by Volkswagen……April 1998, p. 43

. Sponsored by Volkswagen……April 1998, p. 43

DATE OF DATE OF APPLICATION / APPLICATION / ORIGINATOR ORIGINATOR AI AI Zn Zn Mn Mn RE RE Ca Ca Si Si CLAIMS CLAIMS COMPOSITION (wt%) COMPOSITION (wt%)

Alloys with composition to give AI Ca precipitation Alloys with composition to give AI Ca precipitation good creep resistance (WO96/25529) good creep resistance (WO96/25529)

2 2

1996 - ITM Inc 1996 - ITM Inc 2 - 6 2 - 6 0.1-0.8 0.1-0.8

Very good properties but Very good properties but Castability Castability issues issues

CREEP EXTENSION (%) CREEP EXTENSION (%) 150°C, 35 MPA FOR 200 HOURS 150°C, 35 MPA FOR 200 HOURS

ALLOYS AX506 AX508 AX51 AZ91D AE42 0.31 0.26 0.33 2.54 0.33 A X 5 6 A X 5 8 A X 5 1 A E 4 2 AZ91D

CREEP EXTENSION (%) CREEP EXTENSION (%)

SLIDE 9

Mg Mg Mg Mg-

• Al

Al Al Al-

• Sr

Sr Sr Sr Alloys ( Alloys ( Alloys ( Alloys (Noranda Noranda Noranda Noranda ) )

AJ52x AJ52x AJ62x AJ62x α α-

• Mg

Mg and and Type A Type A Type B Type B intermetallics intermetallics

2 2-

• 10% Al, 1.2

10% Al, 1.2-

• 7%Sr

7%Sr One of the compositions commercialized in automotive engine bloc One of the compositions commercialized in automotive engine block k

Al 390 alloy insert Mg J alloy Al 390 alloy insert Mg J alloy BMW hybrid engine block

SLIDE 10

• Creep involves thermally activated recovery

Creep involves thermally activated recovery processes: processes: dislocation motion, dislocation motion, diffusion) diffusion)

• To be prominent above 0.3 T

To be prominent above 0.3 Tm

m of Mg and of the solute

• f Mg and of the solute
• The scientific fall out

The scientific fall out The scientific fall out The scientific fall out

Creep induced Creep induced Creep induced Creep induced Mg Mg Mg Mg17

17 17 17

Al Al Al Al12

12 12 12 ppt

pptn ppt pptn

Grain boundary Grain boundary Grain boundary Grain boundary migr migration ation migr migration ation

• Mg alloys especially

Mg alloys especially diecast diecast alloys have different alloys have different mechanisms at room to moderate temperatures mechanisms at room to moderate temperatures and moderate stress regimes: and moderate stress regimes: Stress and/or thermally induced precipitation from the Stress and/or thermally induced precipitation from the supersaturated primary phase (e.g. Mg supersaturated primary phase (e.g. Mg17

17 Al

Al12

12 ), or through

), or through decomposition of decomposition of intermetallics intermetallics (in AE alloys) (in AE alloys) which facilitates grain boundary migration which facilitates grain boundary migration

• Hence we need to prevent this type of

Hence we need to prevent this type of pptn pptn

• Use

Use metallurgically metallurgically stable precipitates in alloy design stable precipitates in alloy design

• For higher temperatures: more strategies

For higher temperatures: more strategies and alloy phase diagrams need to be and alloy phase diagrams need to be developed. developed.

SLIDE 11

COMMERCIAL USE OF CREEP RESISTANT ALLOYS IN COMMERCIAL USE OF CREEP RESISTANT ALLOYS IN COMMERCIAL USE OF CREEP RESISTANT ALLOYS IN COMMERCIAL USE OF CREEP RESISTANT ALLOYS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS 1970s VW use of AS (Mg 1970s VW use of AS (Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Si

Si) alloys ) alloys 1990s: Use of the Honda alloy (Mg 1990s: Use of the Honda alloy (Mg-

• Al

Al-

• RE

RE-

• Ca) in oil

Ca) in oil-

• pan

pan Recent: Recent:

• Use of AS31 in transmission case

Use of AS31 in transmission case

• Use of DSM (Mg

Use of DSM (Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Ca

Ca-

• Sr

Sr-

• RE) alloys in VW

RE) alloys in VW

• Use of the AJ (Mg

Use of the AJ (Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Sr

Sr) alloys in the BMW engine block ) alloys in the BMW engine block (in all 330 and 630 series coupe models) (in all 330 and 630 series coupe models)

SLIDE 12

Exampl Example of Alloy development proj e of Alloy development project that led to ect that led to commerci commercializati alizati Exampl Example of Alloy development proj e of Alloy development project that led to ect that led to commerci commercializati alization

• n
• n
• n

AJ alloy for automotive AJ alloy for automotive powertrain powertrain

• Grasp of Performance requirements

Grasp of Performance requirements

• Creep resistance (tensile & compressive) up to 175

Creep resistance (tensile & compressive) up to 175° °C (min creep rate) C (min creep rate)

• Bolt

Bolt-

• load retention

load retention up to 175 up to 175° °C ( C (50% 50% min min) )

• Metallurgical / thermal stability

Metallurgical / thermal stability

• Tensile yield strength

Tensile yield strength up to 175 up to 175° °C ( C (100 100 MPa MPa) )

• Fatigue resistance

Fatigue resistance (fatigue limit at 175 (fatigue limit at 175 °

° C :

C : 45 45 MPa MPa min min) )

• Ultimate tensile strength up to 175

Ultimate tensile strength up to 175° °C ( C (130 130 MPa MPa) )

• Salt

Salt-

• spray corrosion resistance (0.1

spray corrosion resistance (0.1-

• 0.25 mg/cm

0.25 mg/cm2

2/day)

/day)

• Elongation (min 3% at room temperature)

Elongation (min 3% at room temperature)

• Acceptable

Acceptable diecastability diecastability (comparable to AM or AE) (comparable to AM or AE)

• Acceptable cost

Acceptable cost (5 (5-

• 10

10 ¢over alloy prices)

• ver alloy prices)
• Availability of raw materials

Availability of raw materials

• Alloy production

Alloy production (compatibility with plant processes) (compatibility with plant processes)

• Melt handling (oxidation, sludge formation)

Melt handling (oxidation, sludge formation)

• Recyclability

Recyclability

Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary team team team team

• Importance of prior knowledge: Exposure to industry problems, i

Importance of prior knowledge: Exposure to industry problems, issues (research inst.) ssues (research inst.)

SLIDE 13

Alloy development and patenting: Alloy development and patenting:

1 year 1 year

(creep resistance above 150C (creep resistance above 150C

Stable Al Stable Al-

• Sr

Sr intermetallics intermetallics, , control of Al/ control of Al/Sr Sr ratio prevents Mg ratio prevents Mg17

17 Al

Al12

12 pptn

pptn) )

Evaluation & casting process Evaluation & casting process development, recycling, reliability, development, recycling, reliability, supplier certification, supplier certification, carried out jointly with the carried out jointly with the alloy company and alloy company and the automotive company the automotive company (internal foundry) : (internal foundry) :

2 years 2 years

Commercial production: Commercial production:

4 4th

th year

year

• Important to maintain expertise in the form of institutes, clus

Important to maintain expertise in the form of institutes, clusters ters

• Important to maintain positive perspective on challenges

Important to maintain positive perspective on challenges

SLIDE 14

What did w e learn as alloy developers ? What did w e learn as alloy developers ? What did w e learn as alloy developers ? What did w e learn as alloy developers ?

• We need to have a full grasp of the performance requirements,

We need to have a full grasp of the performance requirements, industry constraints, Creep behavior of Mg before we start all industry constraints, Creep behavior of Mg before we start alloy

• y

development projects development projects

• Build a multivalent team (mechanical, materials science and

Build a multivalent team (mechanical, materials science and engineering, applications, production, manufacture, supply) engineering, applications, production, manufacture, supply)

• Materials scientist should sit very close to the industry, list

Materials scientist should sit very close to the industry, listen to them en to them continuously continuously

• Once you have done that, do not listen to the traditional exper

Once you have done that, do not listen to the traditional experts, follow ts, follow your own train of thought. Be creative your own train of thought. Be creative… …

• If we want alloy to be commercialized in the short

If we want alloy to be commercialized in the short-

• to

to-

• midterm

midterm

• If we want to contribute to the knowledge base

If we want to contribute to the knowledge base

• Study creep behavior and creep mechanisms, alloy phases,

Study creep behavior and creep mechanisms, alloy phases, equilibria equilibria

SLIDE 15

Gear Gear-

• box, QE22

box, QE22 sand cast by sand cast by Hayley Hayley Gear Gear-

• box, ZE41

box, ZE41 sand cast by sand cast by Hayley Hayley

NEW INTEREST: CREEP NEW INTEREST: CREEP RESISTANT MAGNESIUM GRAVITY CASTING ALLOYS RESISTANT MAGNESIUM GRAVITY CASTING ALLOYS 1) COMMERCIAL AEROSPACE ALLOYS 1) COMMERCIAL AEROSPACE ALLOYS

• Y, R.E. (

Y, R.E. (Ce Ce, , Nd Nd), Ag, Cu, Zn CONTAINING ALLOYS ), Ag, Cu, Zn CONTAINING ALLOYS

• WE43, WE54, QE22, ZE41, ZC63, RZ5, ZRE1

WE43, WE54, QE22, ZE41, ZC63, RZ5, ZRE1

2) NEW DEVELOPMENT FOR AUTOMOTIVE 2) NEW DEVELOPMENT FOR AUTOMOTIVE MEL and DSM ALLOYS MEL and DSM ALLOYS NEW Yttrium CONTAINING ALLOYS NEW Yttrium CONTAINING ALLOYS Silicon CONTAINING EXPERIMENTAL ALLOYS Silicon CONTAINING EXPERIMENTAL ALLOYS

SLIDE 16

MAGNESIUM GRAVITY CASTING ALLOYS MAGNESIUM GRAVITY CASTING ALLOYS

ALLOY ALLOY DESIGNATION DESIGNATION COMPANY / RESEARCHER COMPANY / RESEARCHER STATUS / COMMENTS STATUS / COMMENTS Mg-Y-RE WE43, WE54 MEL MEL Commercial Commercial Mg-Gd-Y-Zr

• Prof.
• Prof. Kamado

Kamado Experimental Experimental

• Mg-Y-Zn-Zr
• Prof.
• Prof. Mordike

Mordike Experimental Experimental Mg-Y-Zn-Nd-Zr

• Prof.
• Prof. Mordike

Mordike Experimental Experimental Mg-Zn-RE (Zr) ZE41, EZ33, ZE62 ZE41, EZ33, ZE62 MEL MEL Commercial Commercial MEZ (2.5RE, 0.5Zn) MEZ (2.5RE, 0.5Zn) MEL MEL US 6193817 (2001) Mg-Zn-Cu (Mn) ZC63 ZC63 MEL MEL

• Mg

Mg-

• Si

Si (Al,Ca, RE) (Al,Ca, RE)

• S. Beer et al

Experimental Experimental hypereutectic hypereutectic Mg Mg-

• Al

Al-

• Si

Si-

• (Ca)

(Ca) ASX410 ASX410 M.Pekguleryuz M.Pekguleryuz et al Experimental et al Experimental MRI 201S, MRI 201S DSM DSM-

• VW

VW

SLIDE 17

MODIFICATION OF MG MODIFICATION OF MG-

• Al

Al-

• Si

Si ALLOYS FOR GRAVITY CAST APPLICATIONS ALLOYS FOR GRAVITY CAST APPLICATIONS MODIFICATION OF AS41 ALLOY WITH TRACE MODIFICATION OF AS41 ALLOY WITH TRACE CALCIUM ADDITIONS (ITM, 1993) CALCIUM ADDITIONS (ITM, 1993)

• CHINESE SCRIPT MORPHOLOGY OF THE MG

CHINESE SCRIPT MORPHOLOGY OF THE MG2

2 SI

SI PHASE LEADS TOLOW DUCTILITY WHEN GRAVITY PHASE LEADS TOLOW DUCTILITY WHEN GRAVITY CAST CAST

• WHEN DIECAST ALLOYS, THE HIGH FREEZING RATE

WHEN DIECAST ALLOYS, THE HIGH FREEZING RATE REFINES THE CHINESE SCRIPT IMPROVING THE REFINES THE CHINESE SCRIPT IMPROVING THE DUCTILITY DUCTILITY

• O.05

O.05-

• 0.1WT %Ca ADDITIONS TO GRAVITY CAST AS41

0.1WT %Ca ADDITIONS TO GRAVITY CAST AS41 REFINES THE CHINESE SCRIPT AND IMPROVES THE REFINES THE CHINESE SCRIPT AND IMPROVES THE DUCTILITY DUCTILITY

SLIDE 18

NEW CHA NEW CHALLENGE : DEV LLENGE : DEVELOPMEN LOPMENT OF NEW Mg C T OF NEW Mg CASTING ALLOY STING ALLOYS NEW CHA NEW CHALLENGE : DEV LLENGE : DEVELOPMEN LOPMENT OF NEW Mg C T OF NEW Mg CASTING ALLOY STING ALLOYS FOR THIN FOR THIN FOR THIN FOR THIN -

• WALLED STRUCTURAL CASTINGS

WALLED STRUCTURAL CASTINGS WALLED STRUCTURAL CASTINGS WALLED STRUCTURAL CASTINGS Alloy compositions should lead to Alloy compositions should lead to

• improved mold/die filling (low surface tension,

improved mold/die filling (low surface tension, low viscosity, appropriate low viscosity, appropriate freezing range, low freezing range, low liquidus liquidus) )

• Improved ductility

Improved ductility Challenges: Challenges:

• Fluidity

Fluidity

• Melt cleanliness

Melt cleanliness

• As

As-

• cast microstructure

cast microstructure

• Hot

Hot-

• tearing

tearing

• Thermal properties

Thermal properties

SLIDE 19

NEW CHA NEW CHALLENGE : DEV LLENGE : DEVELOPMEN LOPMENT T OF NEW WROUGHT Mg ALLOYS OF NEW WROUGHT Mg ALLOYS NEW CHA NEW CHALLENGE : DEV LLENGE : DEVELOPMEN LOPMENT T OF NEW WROUGHT Mg ALLOYS OF NEW WROUGHT Mg ALLOYS Alloy compositions should lead to Alloy compositions should lead to

• formability, workability at moderate temperatures below 400C

formability, workability at moderate temperatures below 400C

• strength and formability at room temperature

strength and formability at room temperature

• corrosion resistance

corrosion resistance

• mass production at low cost

mass production at low cost

• viable

viable thermomechanical thermomechanical processing for sheet processing for sheet

• viable forming technology for extrusions

viable forming technology for extrusions

• viable joining

viable joining Challenges: Challenges:

• HCP crystal structure of Mg

HCP crystal structure of Mg

• High critical resolved shear stress of non

High critical resolved shear stress of non-

• basal slip systems below 250C

basal slip systems below 250C

• Lack of in depth understanding of deformation mechanisms in Mg

Lack of in depth understanding of deformation mechanisms in Mg alloys alloys

• Lack of industry

Lack of industry-

• research cooperation and international programs

research cooperation and international programs in this field in this field

• Only one or two viable sheet alloys (AZ31)

Only one or two viable sheet alloys (AZ31)

• Moderate corrosion resistance of wrought alloys

Moderate corrosion resistance of wrought alloys

• High cost of sheet production

High cost of sheet production

SLIDE 20

CURRENT : Mg ALLOY DEVELO CURRENT : Mg ALLOY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN CANADA PMENT RESEARCH IN CANADA CURRENT : Mg ALLOY DEVELO CURRENT : Mg ALLOY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN CANADA PMENT RESEARCH IN CANADA MCGILL UNIVERSITY MCGILL UNIVERSITY MCGILL UNIVERSITY MCGILL UNIVERSITY

• CRD ON Mg SHEET (Prof. S.

CRD ON Mg SHEET (Prof. S. Yue Yue) )

• CRD ON MULTICOMPONENT ALLOY SYSTEMS (Prof. R.

CRD ON MULTICOMPONENT ALLOY SYSTEMS (Prof. R. Gauvin Gauvin) )

• INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH CHAIR IN AUTOMOTIVE LIGHT METALS AND

INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH CHAIR IN AUTOMOTIVE LIGHT METALS AND ADVANCED Mg MATERIALS (Prof. M. ADVANCED Mg MATERIALS (Prof. M. Pekguleryuz Pekguleryuz) ) (wrought alloys, phase diagram studies) (wrought alloys, phase diagram studies) ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL

• CRD ON ALLOY PHASE EQUILIBRIA (Prof. A.

CRD ON ALLOY PHASE EQUILIBRIA (Prof. A. Pelton Pelton) ) CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY

• ALLOY PHASE EQUILIBRIA (Prof. M.

ALLOY PHASE EQUILIBRIA (Prof. M. Medraj Medraj) ) CANMET CANMET CANMET CANMET-

• MTL

MTL MTL MTL

• MG SHEET, ALLOY PHASES

MG SHEET, ALLOY PHASES