Sauna Bathing Habits in Finland Jari Laukkanen & Lassi A - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sauna Bathing Habits in Finland

Lassi A Liikkanen

Aalto University, Finland & Saunologia.fi

Jari Laukkanen & Tanjaniina Laukkanen

University of Eastern Finland, Finland

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

Session outline

1. What we know now : review (15 min) 2. What we don’t know (2 min) 3. Small group discussion (5 min) 4. Discussion (3 min)

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

Session goal

Provide an overview of Finnish habits, question the current scope and opportunities for comparative studies

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

INTRODUCTION

What we know now

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Motivation

• When discussing the effect of sauna on public health or the

environmental impact of sauna bathing, we need solid data

• n sauna usage to estimate overall impact
• Neither sauna bathing nor saunas are well covered by

Finnish statistics

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

METHODS

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Review: data sources

Origin year N Title Producer Sample type 1984-1989 2327 KIHD University of Kuopio Random (male) 1988-1989, 99-00, 09-10 Time use study Statistics Finland Random 2014 1000 Sauna ja olut Sinebrychoff / IPO Research Panel, not sauna specific 2016 1029 Harvia 2016 Harvia / Rianno ? 2016 394 Suomalainen saunassa Saunologia.fi Convenience, sauna specific 2017 100 Sauna ja sydän University of Jyväskylä Targeted

Commercial funding

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

A FINN IN A SAUNA

An electronic survey at Saunologia.fi in 2016

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Habits to investigate

• What motivates sauna going?
• What type of saunas are visited?
• How often?
• How much time under heat exposure?
• What are conditions alike?
• What happens during bathing?
• What other things besides sweating takes place?

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

FINDINGS

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Overview

• 1980’s: on average 2-3 times a week.
• 2000’s mode to be ‘once a week’, 67% of all sauna bath at

least so frequently. 2% did not use sauna.

• The survey from 2014 sample found that 31% of participants

used sauna on a less than a weekly basis.

• Duration in the 80’s sample was 14 minutes (mode 10 min).
• Time use study reports 9 minutes in the 80’s, 90’s and

10 minutes in 2010 sample across all participants.

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Key findings: frequency

• IPO research, 2014

Daily Many days a week Few times a month Less than monthly Almost daily Approximately weekly Once a month Never

Many days a week Appr. Weekly More seldom

%

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Frequency

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Frequency cont.

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Frequency, Saunologia (2016), N=396

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Key findings: duration

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Company, IRO (2014)

Frequently Sometimes Seldom Never Spouse/companion Alone With family With friends With friends (mixed sauna)

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Harvia

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Sheparding kids Read Watch tv Have sex Eat Use mobile Listen to music Apply cosmetics Sauna for storage Flex muscles & joints Socializaing Drinking Only relax Enjoy silence

Harvia 2016 habits by Rianno (N=1029)

Always Often Seldom Never

Four popular habits associated with Finnish sauna

• Relax
• Enjoy
• Drink
• Socialize

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

Saunologia.fi

Harvia

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Sheparding kids Read Watch tv Have sex Eat Use mobile Listen to music Apply cosmetics Sauna for storage Flex muscles & joints Socializaing Drinking Only relax Enjoy silence

Harvia 2016 habits by Rianno (N=1029)

Always Often Seldom Never

This almost never happens!

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Harvia (2016) by Rianno

• 15%-u
• 20%-u
• 13%-u
• 12%-u
• 14%-u
• 15%-u

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Harvia

Sauna for storage

12% of saunas are always or usually used for storage L

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Generalization: up to 300,000 sauna lockers in Finland

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Acceptable behaviors, Saunologia ( 2016, N=396)

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

WHAT WE DON’T KNOW

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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The unknowns

• Sauna visit duration: total time and time share between heat

and cooling off

• Sauna environment (temperature & average humidity) à

realistic heat exposure

• Use of whisks and other equipment
• How wood-fired stoves are operated
• Amount of exposure to allergens, small particles and other

health relevant factors present

• How does this compare internationally?
• ?

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Bathing behavior

Sauna environment

Sauna

• peration

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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What we don’t know

Sauna bathing

• Total time and

time share between heat and cooling off

• Use of whisks

and other equipment Sauna environment

• Temperature,

humidity, convection à heat exposure

• Exposure to

allergens, small particles and

• ther health

relevant factors present

Misc

• How are wood-

fired stoves

• perated?
• Comparative

studies globally

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

DEBATING THE OPEN QUESTIONS

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Within small groups

• What do you think about the

findings? – If you are a Finn, do these match your perceptions? – If you are not a Finn, what do you think the situation would be in your home country?

• What are the high level habits to

look into?

• Where some important items left
• ut? What should we ask about?

– Start individually, then share your thoughts

• What are valid ways to solve this

question? – Which questions are easy, which hard? – Is it possible that the data is already somewhere?

• If you are from outside Finland,

what else would you need to ask?

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

DISCUSSION

Summarize the debate

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

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Summary

• In a sauna Finns like to relax, enjoy silence and

conversation, have a drink

• Technology use uncommon and not welcomed
• Much of existing research is not random sampled and thus

poor basis for generalization

• Self-reporting biases in the domain are unknown
• How to go from context-sensitive studies of habits to global

scale?

Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen

Thank you! J

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Presented at the XVII International Sauna Congress in Haparanda, Sweden on June 9th 2018 by Lassi A Liikkanen