Salivary Gland Polytene Chromosomes Rapid Embryogenesis- 10 minute - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

salivary gland polytene chromosomes rapid embryogenesis
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Salivary Gland Polytene Chromosomes Rapid Embryogenesis- 10 minute - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Salivary Gland Polytene Chromosomes Rapid Embryogenesis- 10 minute cycles Variations in the cell cycle during Drosophila development Canonical S G1 G2 No gaps No mitosis M Imaginal tissues (adult eyes, wings, etc.) S S Posters 350B


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Salivary Gland Polytene Chromosomes

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Rapid Embryogenesis- 10 minute cycles

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Variations in the cell cycle during Drosophila development

Canonical S M G2 G1

Imaginal tissues

(adult eyes, wings, etc.) Adult nurse cells Larval tissues

S G No mitosis S M No gaps

Early embryos Posters 350B 340A

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..

Unregulated DNA replication and Absence of mitosis in png, plu, or gnu mutants

wild type png, plu, or gnu mutant

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early late

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The PNG kinase is inactive!

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PNG, PLU, and GNU form an active protein kinase complex

PNG GNU

P P

P

P P

PLU

P P P P

PNG- ser/thr protein kinase PLU- 19kDa ankyrin repeat protein, activating subunit GNU-27kDa protein; promotes dimerization and activation

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PNG, PLU, GNU [Cyclin B] / CDK1

DNA Replication Chromosome condensation Mitosis

Translation

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Is PNG required to inhibit PUM repression of cycli lin B translation throughout the embryo?

PNG GNU PLU png mutant No Translation

cyclin B 3’UTR

? PUM ? PUM

PNG GNU PLU

cyclin B 3’UTR

Translation

Does removal of PUMILIO in a png mutant restore translation?

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Mutations in pum umil ilio io suppress the png331

331 8 mutant

phenotype

png3318 pum/+ png3318 pum png3318 pum tubulin DNA

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M

Maternal- Zygotic Transition PNG Kinase

S

PUM Cyclin B SMG Deadenylation mRNA deg.

Tadros et al.

  • Dev. Cell 12,

143 (2007)

Transition from Meiosis to Embryonic Mitosis

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Primary Arrest Prophase I Secondary Arrest Metaphase I Completion

  • f meiosis as

egg passes through

  • viduct

Adapted from Xiang et al. PLoS Biol 5(12): e323

Oocyte Maturation Egg Activation

Meiosis in Female Drosophila

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Analysis of Protein Changes at Egg Activation

Adapted from: Xiang Y et al., PLos Biol, 2007

  • Quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins that

increase or decrease at activation

  • Polysome profiling-identify all mRNAs recruited or

released from polysomes

Iva Kronja Poster 174C

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3500 proteins scored in replicates 132 proteins upregulated at egg activation 230 proteins downregulated at egg activation (Zach Whitfield- Talk #10 today)

Proteomics Results

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Mature Oocyte (stage 14) Activated Egg

Downregulated Proteins-mRNAs move off polysomes Polysome Profiling Results- 5300 mRNAs analyzed Upregulated Proteins-mRNAs move from monosome to polysomes

Mature Oocyte (stage 14) Activated Egg

5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’ 3’ 3’

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Mature Oocyte (stage 14) Activated Egg

Downregulated Proteins Role of PNG in Translation at Egg Activation Upregulated Proteins

Mature Oocyte (stage 14) Activated Egg PNG Dependent Largely PNG Independent

3’ 3’ 3’ 3’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’

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PNG serves to activate translation generally at the developmental transition from oocyte to embryo

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  • Pursue biological problems in unbiased way.
  • Generosity of the community in providing

resources.

  • Application of varied approaches including

high throughput.

  • Drosophila is an amazing model organism

with many more exciting problems to solve.

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Fay Shamanski Myles Axton Debbie Burney-Sigman Janet Carminati Lisa Elfring Doug Fenger Helena Kashevsky Laurie Lee Leah Vardy Masatoshi Hara Iva Kronja (Poster 174C)

PNG and PLU

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Masatoshi Hara Iva Kronja (Poster 174C) Jared Nordman Belinda Pinto (Poster 325A) Jessica Von Stetina (Poster 350B) Yingdee Unhavaithaya PhD Students: Deborah Burney-Sigman Janet Carminati Julie Claycomb Doug Fenger Jane Kim Janice Lee Wes Miyazaki Daniel Moore Andrea Page-McCaw Eugenia Park Jillian Pesin Tamar Resnick Irena Royzman Fay Shamanski Albert Smith Tracy Tang Julie Wallace Allyson Whittaker Fang Xie Jessica Alexander Laura Frawley (Poster 340A) Brian Hua Zach Whitfield (Talk #10) Postdoctoral Fellows: Myles Axton Sharon Bickel Giovanni Bosco Astrid Clarke Hannah Cohen Kimberley Dej Lisa Elfring Aki Hayashi Cintia Hongay Irena Ivanovska Anne Kerrebrock Elaine Lahue Heidi LeBlanc Jacqueline Lopez Laura Lee Cristina Nogueira Bruce Reed Noa Sher Leah Vardy

Technical Support Raissa Fomina Helena Kashevsky