Sail DRYA DISCLAIMER The Plot Thickens: Basic Navigation for Racers & Cruisers By Kaye Soka Need to know where we are Categories of Navigation and where we are going • Piloting - Determining your position by reference to external aids • Day Sailing • Dead Reckoning – Determining position by • Dead Reckoning – Determining position by • Buoy Racing • Buoy Racing Course, Distance, and Speed • Destination Racing • Electronic – Loran (expires 2/8/2010), • Long Distance Cruising GPS, Radar, etc. • Celestial – Determining position using celestial bodies
Need to know where we are and where we are going Sail DRYA • Day Sailing • Buoy Racing • Buoy Racing • Destination Racing • Long Distance Cruising Need to know where we are and where we are going Sail DRYA • Day Sailing • Buoy Racing • Buoy Racing • Destination Racing • Long Distance Cruising
Need to know where we are and where we are going • Day Sailing • Buoy Racing • Buoy Racing • Destination Racing • Long Distance Cruising Sail DRYA Nautical Charts • Title Block • Number of Chart, Date • Latitude and Longitude Scales • Compass Rose • Colors • Aids to Navigation • Depth Contour Lines Sail DRYA • Other Charted Features and Information
NOT FOR NAVIGATION Latitude Describing Position Using measured north and north and Latitude and Longitude south from the equator B 97 05-04
Longitude measured east and west from and west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England B 97 05-05 Determining Latitude and L 42°21.6'N Longitude NOT FOR NAVIGATION • Find Desired Position on Chart • Read Latitude along Vertical Scale • Read Longitude along Horizontal Scale • Example – Peche Island Range Front Light – Latitude – L 42° 21.6'N – Longitude – Lo 82° 54.4'W Lo 82 °54.4'W
Find Chart Position of L 42°21.4'N Lo 82 °49.3'W Known Latitude and Longitude • Find Latitude on Vertical Scale NOT FOR NAVIGATION • Find the Longitude on the Horizontal Scale • Position is at Intersection of the Two Lines • Position is at Intersection of the Two Lines Find the Distance between Two Points • Draw a line between two points • Use dividers to measure the line • Determine the distance on • Determine the distance on – The latitude scale (nautical miles) – The statute mile scale (statute miles) – The longitude scale John Harbor L46°08.1'N Lo82°37.1'W
3.84 NM Aids to Navigation • Lateral Buoyage System IALA-B NOT FOR NAVIGATION – Red, Right, Returning • NA & SA Coasts, Great Lakes, Caribbean • Japan, Philippines, Korea • All the Rest, Green-Right-Returning – Distinct Pattern - Color, Numbering, Lights • Lowest Numbers Furthest Out 4.425 SM • Other Aids • Lighthouses, Range Lights, Structures • Cardinal Buoyage System IALA Regions
L50°22'N Lo04°30'W Kilarney East Light Strawberry Island Lighthouse On Red Rock Point L45°58.2'N Lo81°29.3'W L45°58.2'N Lo82°51.2'W
Toledo Harbor Light L41°45.7'N Lo83°19.7'W Iso W 6s Ht 72' Ht 72' Range 10 FOG HORN: 1 blast ev 30s Cardinal Buoyage System Cardinal Buoy Safe to the West
Compass Magnetic Compass • Important for Determining Course • True vs. Magnetic North (variation) • Compass Card – 360 degrees • Compass Card – 360 degrees • Lubber Lines
Magnetic North vs. True North Compass Rose Variation is found in the center of the compass rose compass rose
Correcting for Variation T 063° V V 15°W 15°W M 078° D 000° If allowance is not made for Correcting for compass error to C 078° compass error, the vessel will make good the correct course. make good the wrong course. Deviation Plotting A Course • Draw Line Between Point A and Point B • Caused by magnetic forces on your boat • Determine Course Heading from Compass Rose • Wiring, electronics, metal all can contribute • Correct for Variation to Get Magnetic Course • Actual deviation changes with the boat’s heading • Measure Distance in Miles Between Points Using Latitude Scale • Develop a deviation table to determine needed • Calculate Estimated Time Using 60D=ST correction on each point of sail Example: 60x13.3 = 6xT 798/6=T T= 133 minutes=2 hours 13 minutes
Taking a Bearing A bearing is a line of position sighted from your boat to another object • Sight Compass Bearing • Sight Compass Bearing • Correct for Variation • Plot True Bearing on Chart • You are somewhere on that LOP Determining Position Fix is a position obtained by two or more LOPs • Sight a second compass bearing • Sight a second compass bearing • Correct for variation • Plot true bearing on chart • Intersection of LOPs is a Fix, your most likely position
Plotting Tools Traditional Modern Dividers GPS Plotter Marine Radio Parallel Rules Depth Sounder Parallel Rules Depth Sounder Pencil Radar Pink Pearl Chart Plotter PC Internet TYC
Electronic Navigation Tools GPS Depth Sounder Marine Radio
Chart Plotter Radar Collision Bearings Navigation’s Golden Rule • Situation - Two vessels crossing • Note relative bearing of crossing vessel • If over time: • If over time: Does this make sense? – The relative bearing moves toward the bow, the vessel will pass clear ahead – The relative bearing moves toward the stern, the vessel will pass clear astern – The relative bearing remains the same, YOU ARE ON A COLLISION COURSE!!!
Piloting Books Navigation Resources Navigation Resources Date of Latest Editions Catalog of Charts http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/dole.htm
Navigation Software http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/chart1/chart1hr.htm Fugawi NavSim MaxSea Light Lists
Water Levels www.glakesonline.nos.noaa.gov/monitor Marinas.com Marinas.com
EarthNC.com EarthNC Plus Integrates Google Earth imagery with nautical vector charts •Vector charts (680) •With UBS GPS laptop, functions as a chart plotter EarthNC Raster EarthNC Raster •Includes all NOAA charts •Used in conjunction with EarthNC Plus EarthNC Online •Limited versions of approach, harbor and inland vector charts •Free Mills Trophy Race Sponsored by Toledo Yacht Club Overnight Race over 3 Courses Three Ideas for Practicing Your Navigation Skills Begins at Toledo Harbor Light Finishes at Put-in-Bay Friday, June 11, 2010 Friday, June 11, 2010 2 Nights Dockage Included Free Dockage at TYC Prior to Race Thursday Night Party at TYC Saturday Party at Put-in-Bay www.toledoyachtclub.com
Middle Bass Island The New Bay Week 2010 Sponsored by I-LYA Feeder Races On Thursday, August 5 Racing on Friday-Sunday, August 6-8 Racing on Friday-Sunday, August 6-8 Dockage Included 3 Courses Depending on Boat Type www.mbiyc.com 3 Night Social Package i-lya.com
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