S CALABLE V IDEO C ODING IN C ONTENT -A WARE N ETWORKS Michael Grafl - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SCALABLE VIDEO CODING IN CONTENT-AWARE NETWORKS

Michael Grafl

Institute of Information Technology Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt, Austria

Michael Grafl 1 Scalable Video Coding in Content-Aware Networks

COMET-ENVISION workshop on Future Media Distribution Networks

• Nov. 10-11 2011, Slough, UK

OUTLINE

• Introduction
• ALICANTE
• Project Overview
• Conceptual Architecture
• Comparison to ICN
• Use Cases for SVC in CAN (Analysis wrt. ICN research

challenges)

• Unicast
• Multicast
• P2P Streaming
• Web/HTTP Streaming
• Step-by-Step Walkthrough
• Conclusions

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INTRODUCTION

• Information-Centric Networking (ICN)
• Revolutionary approach
• Content-Aware Networking (CAN)
• Evolutionary approach
• ALICANTE project
• Scalable Video Coding (SVC)
• Extension of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
• Spatial, temporal and quality (SNR) scalability
• Base layer + multiple enhancement layers
• Coding overhead: ~ 10% wrt. H.264

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ALICANTE

• Project Info:
• EU FP7-ICT project
• Duration: March 2010 – Aug 2013
• 20 partners
• "Media Ecosystem Deployment through Ubiquitous

Content-Aware Network Environments"

• Goal: New Home-Box layer and CAN layer with

distributed cross-layer adaptation and universal multimedia access enabling cooperation between providers, operators, and end-users

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http://ict-alicante.eu

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CAN CAN CAN CAN CAN CAN MANE MANE MANE MANE Physical Layer: autonomous systems CAN Layer: in-network components as overlay

Home-Box Layer

HB Layer: networked components as overlay HB HB HB HB HB

User Environment

Context- aware Content- aware Network- aware AS AS AS Service Environment: content and services User Environment: devices and end user

Service Environment Network Environment

ALICANTE CONCEPTUAL ARCHITECTURE

ALICANTE VS. FULL ICN APPROACH

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Degree of awareness on upper layer information at network level

Approaches:

• Best effort
• QoS-based virtual splitting
• Content-aware networks
• Content-type awareness
• Service-aware networking
• Full ICN
• Content/object awareness
• Name/location resolution,

routing of requests, caching at network nodes

ALICANTE approach

• Evolutionary approach for FI

(Mid-way to full ICN)

• Caching and storage
• In Home-Boxes (network edge)

and Content Servers

• Scalable and Cost-Efficient

Content Distribution

• Name/location resolution –

at Service level (not in routers)

• Content-awareness
• aggregated CA and associated

processing at network level

• Deployment
• Seamless/incremental deployment

USE CASES FOR SVC IN CAN

• Role of scalable media formats for enabling

content-aware networking

• Unicast, Multicast, Peer-to-Peer Streaming,

Web/HTTP Streaming

• Analysis wrt. ICN research challenges:
• Routing & Forwarding
• Caching & Buffering
• Quality of Service/Experience (QoS/QoE)

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SYSTEM OVERVIEW FOR USE CASES

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ICNN2

Buffer Buffer

ICNN1

SVC-Base Layer Enhancement Layer 1 Enhancement Layer 2

U1 U2 U3

Full-HD TV

R1 R3 R2 S1 S2

HD-Ready TV Mobile

USE CASES: UNICAST

• Example: Video on Demand (VoD)
• RTP (with SST of SVC) and RTSP
• Routing & Forwarding:
• ICN node can react to network fluctuations
• In-network adaptation of SVC at ICN node (for short-term fluctuations)
• Signal to sender for dropping SVC layers (for long-term fluctuations)
• Caching & Buffering:
• ICN node can perform prefix caching
• Reduce start-up delay
• Selective caching of SVC layers
• QoS/QoE: (applies to all use cases)
• Consider terminal capabilities when requesting SVC layers
• Monitor network conditions at ICN nodes (cf. ALICANTE)
• Smooth, undistorted playout

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USE CASES: MULTICAST

• Receiver-Driven Layered Multicast (RDLM) of SVC
• RTP in MST mode (each SVC layer in own session)
• Routing & Forwarding:
• ICN nodes adapt to network conditions through subscription

to SVC layers

• ICN nodes as bridges between native and overlay multicast

(ALICANTE: virtual content-aware network of ICN nodes)

• Selective treatment of SVC layers (MPLS, DiffServ)
• Caching & Buffering:
• Prefix caching to reduce start-up delay in non-live scenarios

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USE CASES: P2P STREAMING

• Receivers request pieces from multiple senders
• P2P network as overlay
• Receiver only requests SVC layers supported by

end-user terminal

• Routing & Forwarding:
• ICN nodes can act as peers, forming an in-network
• verlay
• Caching & Buffering:
• Aggregate requests and perform information-centric

buffering (during sliding window) at ICN nodes

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USE CASES: WEB/HTTP STREAMING

• Download via HTTP (partial) GET requests
• Content fragmented into segments (e.g., per SVC layer and GOP)
• Manifest file describes structure of segments and available

representations

• Standard: Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)
• Overcome NAT traversal & firewall issues
• Stateless sender
• Unicast, multicast, and multisource (P2P-like) scenarios
• Routing & Forwarding:
• ICN node signals network condition to receiver (implicit adaptation)
• Caching & Buffering:
• SVC-based prefix caching using HTTP-based CDN infrastructure
• Buffering during sliding window creates multicast tree
• Information-centric buffering in multisource scenario

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STEP-BY-STEP WALKTHROUGH

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HB HB HB CAN MANE MANE

SVC encoding 1st SVC Adaptation at MANE 2nd SVC Adaptation at MANE SVC to AVC transcoding SVC to AVC transcoding Source AVC decoding AVC decoding

1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9

Source Stream Base Layer (AVC) Enhancement Layer 1 Enhancement Layer 2

HB

CONCLUSIONS

• Towards ICN: Scalable media coding formats (e.g.,

SVC) in combination with in-network adaptation

• Routing & Forwarding
• Caching & Buffering
• QoS/QoE
• Enabling content-awareness within the (core)

network

• Context-awareness at receiver & sender (& ICN

node)

• ALICANTE
• Towards deployment of a networked "Media Ecosystem"
• Collaboration of CAN layer and Home-Box layer

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LITERATURE

[1] J. Pan, S. Paul, R. Jain, “A survey of the research on future internet architectures”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.49, no.7, pp.26-36, July 2011. [2] V. Jacobson, D. Smetters, J. Thornton, M. Plass, N. Briggs, R. Braynard, “Networking named content”, Proc. of ACM CoNEXT 2009, Rome, Italy, December 2009. [3] H. Koumaras et al., “Media Ecosystems: A Novel Approach for Content- Awareness in Future Networks,” Future Internet: Achievements and Promising Technology, Springer Verlag, pp. 369-380, May 2011. [4] ALICANTE Web site, http://ict-alicante.eu/. [5] M. Wien et al., “Performance Analysis of SVC,” Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1194-1203, 2007. [6] T. Stockhammer, “Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP – standards and design principles,” in Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Multimedia Systems, New York, NY, USA, pp. 133–144, February 2011. [7] M. Grafl, et al., “Scalable Video Coding in Content-Aware Networks: Research Challenges and Open Issues,” in: N. Blefari-Melazzi, G. Bianchi, and L. Salgarelli (eds.), Trustworthy Internet, Springer, pp. 349-358, June 2011.

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THANK YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Questions?

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