ROTTERDAM G E R M A N Y B E LG I U M F R A N C E I N D U S T R I - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ROTTERDAM G E R M A N Y B E LG I U M F R A N C E I N D U S T R I - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 21, 2022 424 likes •976 views

N E T H E R L A N D S N O R T H S E A ROTTERDAM G E R M A N Y B E LG I U M F R A N C E I N D U S T R I A L P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L Z U S L AT E 2 0 T H C E N T U R Y Throughout its history of urban development, the idea of

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SLIDE 1
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SLIDE 2 N E T H E R L A N D S B E LG I U M F R A N C E G E R M A N Y N O R T H S E A ROTTERDAM
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SLIDE 3 Throughout its history of urban development, the idea of combining public and private spaces has always been evident as a strategy by architects to connect the city’s
  • population. Developments using this strategy have
become more prevalent as Rotterdam’s values have extended beyond industrialization. P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L Z U S L AT E 2 0 T H C E N T U R Y 2 0 0 1 I N D U S T R I A L
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SLIDE 4 I N D U S T R I A L

Rotterdam grew from a grassroots settlement around a dam to Europe’s gateway to the world.

The city was originally constructed as a dam in 1270, and grew to host Europe’s largest port in the 1800’s. Rotterdam’s port quickly became part of the city’s identity, along with the economic power it gave. This allowed Rotterdam to make a name for itself internationally, referred to by the rest of Europe as the Gateway to the World.
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SLIDE 5 I N D U S T R I A L

After the Rotterdam Blitz, the city prioritized industrial development.

In 1940, Rotterdam’s centre was heavily bombed by German forces. Rotterdam was reconstructed with haste in fear of Germany building a port larger than theirs. To combat this, the municipality of the city adopted the Basic Plan, which focused con economic development and promoted functional modernist architecture.
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SLIDE 6 This exhibition calls on the people of Rotterdam to take note of what we call the biggest urban operation our land has ever seen to express solidarity, to grow with the new city, and to contribute critical remarks, advice and ideas that provide ingredients to build the city of the future. Het Vrije Volk, 1947
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SLIDE 7 I N D U S T R I A L

v a n d e n b r o e k & b a k e m a 1 9 5 3

line path

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SLIDE 8 I N D U S T R I A L l i j n b a a n

The Lijnbaan was an isolated effort by architects & urban planners to integrate public and private spaces.

Opened in 1953, it became Europe’s first pedestrian-only shopping precinct. Developed with a high-rise residential area, it intended to be a living room for the city. It was a tangible gesture toward the future, expressing hope for a better life after the bombing of Rotterdam’s city centre.
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SLIDE 9 I N D U S T R I A L l i j n b a a n A PA R T M E N T S P E D E S T E R I A N S H O P P I N G S T R E E T PA R K P U B L I C S PA C E P R I VAT E S PA C E
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SLIDE 10 By the 1980s, a lack of respect for its original intent contributed to its environment becoming unwelcoming and dangerous. Its management is an example of attempts to integrate public and private space being overpowered by industrialist ideals.
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SLIDE 11 I N D U S T R I A L

1 9 5 9

shooting block

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SLIDE 12 I N D U S T R I A L s c h i e b l o c k

Developments of this time period time did not stitch together the urban fabric of the city.

The Schieblock was constructed in 1959; its form indicative of the modern brutalist architecture of the mid-to-late 20th century. Its planned occupants, an insurance company, never moved in. This wasted roughly 1,000 square metres the inner city.
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SLIDE 13 I N D U S T R I A L s c h i e b l o c k The Schieblock was not used by any other companies due to a global economic downturn and an oversaturation of office spaces. Its ownership shifted to the municipal government, who attempted to use it as a school. However, the Schieblock’s strict functionalist design prevented its repurposing, and it was abandoned.

The Schieblock failed to consider urban integration.

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SLIDE 14 P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L

Around the end of the 20th century, Rotterdam began a transition toward a post-industrial economy.

Cheap land, a highly educated populace, and changes to federal and municipal government urban planning policies contributed to a city which supported the growth of architecture and urban design firms. Among these internationally acclaimed firms are MVRDV, OMA, West 8, Van den Broek & Bakema and ZUS.
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SLIDE 15 Freedom was given to established and new architecture firms to experiment and innovate through policies and funding. Upon this foundation, these architecture firms chose to combine public and private spaces to direct Rotterdam’s urbanization toward an environment conducive to a creative and knowledge economy.
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SLIDE 16

O M A 1 9 9 2

art hall

P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L
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SLIDE 17 P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L k u n s t h a l

The Kunsthal is a multi-purpose space that blends its exhibition halls with public walkways.

OMA’s Kunsthal was constructed in 1992, and is an early example of an innovative way to combine urban planning and architecture. It is located between a main road and Rotterdam’s Museumpark, the building straddles pedestrian paths, bringing the public through the private exhibition halls.
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SLIDE 18 P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L k u n s t h a l E X H I B I T I O N H A L L WA L K WAY P U B L I C S PA C E P R I VAT E S PA C E R O A D
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SLIDE 19 P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L

w e s t 8 1 9 9 2

theater park

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SLIDE 20 P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L s c h o u w b u r g p l e i n

The Schouwburgplein is a public plaza in the centre of Rotterdam lit with an interactive lighting display.

In 1996, architecture firm West 8 constructed the Schouwburgplein. The project transformed the unusable space of the parking structure roof into an interactive public plaza with pedestrian-operated lighting
  • cranes. West 8 describes Schouwburgplein’s elevation as a strategy to
declare it the city’s stage, framing its festivals and installations with the city’s skyline and its audience of inhabitants.
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SLIDE 21 C O N C E R T H A L L C I N E M A P L A Z A P U B L I C S PA C E P R I VAT E S PA C E P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L s c h o u w b u r g p l e i n
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SLIDE 22 P O S T I N D U S T R I A L

M V R D V 2 0 1 4

market hall

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SLIDE 23 P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L m a r k t h a l

Rotterdam’s MVRDV architects innovatively use private housing to create public space.

In 2014, the Markthal opened as the Netherland’s largest indoor food market. The roof over the vendors is formed by privately owned apartments with inward facing windows, connecting the spaces with one another. MVRDV’s aim with the Markthal was to create “a building in which all functions are fully integrated to celebrate and enhance their synergetic possibilities”.
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SLIDE 24 P O S T - I N D U S T R I A L m a r k t h a l P U B L I C S PA C E P R I VAT E S PA C E A PA R T M E N T S PA R K I N G S H O P P I N G M A R K E T
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SLIDE 25 VAN NELLE FABRIEK MARKTHAL SCHOUWBURGPLEIN KUNSTHAL LIJNBAAN
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SLIDE 26 The imaginary power of architecture can contribute to a necessary shift of boundaries between private and public, short and long term, temporary and permanent. It’s within these paradoxes that true progressive projects can emerge that
  • n the one hand take a long-term responsibility and the other
hand offer possibility for user and civic engagement. ZUS
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SLIDE 27 Z U S

Z U S 2 0 0 9

shooting block

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SLIDE 28 Z U S s c h i e b l o c k

ZUS converted the previously unusable Schieblock into their innovative incubator for entrepreneurs.

The founders of ZUS moved into the Schieblock to prevent squatting. Instead of knocking it down, the owner of the building accepted ZUS’s proposal, alongside a 52 million euro investment from the municipal government, to use the building for 5 years as a startup incubator. Its ground floor is dedicated to local designers, a cafe and bar, while
  • ffice spaces are rented to small businesses.
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SLIDE 29
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SLIDE 30 Z U S s c h i e b l o c k

ZUS’s renovation of the Schieblock encouraged the creation and connection

  • f public spaces.
At the 2012 International Architects Rotterdam Biennale, ZUS unveiled Test Site Rotterdam. The project consisted of the Luchtsingel pedestrian bridge, the Biergarten, and the rooftop garden Dakakker. The goal of Test Site Rotterdam was to revitalize urban districts by interweaving public and private spaces.
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SLIDE 31 Z U S s c h i e b l o c k In 2012, the roof of the Schieblock was transformed into the Dakakker, Europe’s first urban farming roof. It cultivates fruits, vegetables, herbs, and honey bees. Being available to the public, Dakakker works to surround ZUS’s private workplaces with public spaces, inviting connections with Rotterdam citizens.
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SLIDE 32 Z U S

Z U S 2 0 1 2

air canal

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SLIDE 33 Z U S l u c h t s i n g e l

The Luchtsingel is a crowdfunded bridge that connects divided communities.

In 2012, construction began on the Luchtsingel, an elevated pedestrian
  • walkway. The Luchtsingel encourages the use of public places, and also
reconnects communities separated during industrialization by railway lines and highways. ZUS identified the needs of the community around the Schieblock, ideated a solution, and successfully crowdfunded it. This indicated their insights were accurate.
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SLIDE 34 Z U S l u c h t s i n g e l In its materials, form, and function, the Luchtsingel mirrors ZUS’ values. The bridge uses wood to be easily removed, employs walls which reveal
  • ccupants, and connects areas otherwise unreachable by walking; even
when passing through the Schieblock’s second floor. The Luchtsingel is designed to be temporary, while providing opportunities for permanent connections between communities in Rotterdam’s Central District.
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SLIDE 35 Z U S

Z U S 2 0 1 5

air park

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SLIDE 36 Z U S l u c h t p a r k

Luchtpark was built above Hofplein Station, a structure embedded in Rotterdam’s history.

Hofplein Station was constructed in 1908, destroyed during the Rotterdam Blitz in 1940, and rebuilt shortly after. After its reconstruction, the station did not recieve the same use as before. As a result, it was demolished again in 1990, with rail traffic to the station terminating permanently in 2010.
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SLIDE 37
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SLIDE 38 Z U S l u c h t p a r k Hofbogen BV, a community organization, purchased the railway viaduct; transforming it into a hub for local entrepreneurs. ZUS worked alongside Hofbogen to stitch the Hofplein’s roof into the urban fabric of its neighbourhood. By 2015, it had been developed into the Luchtpark: a public garden linked to the surrounding communities via the Luchtsingel bridge.
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SLIDE 39 VAN NELLE FABRIEK MARKTHAL SCHOUWBURGPLEIN KUNSTHAL SCHIEBLOCK LUCHTPARK LIJNBAAN LUCHTSINGEL
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SLIDE 40 2 0 1 2 L U C H T S I N G E L 2 0 1 5 L U C H T PA R K 2 0 0 1 Z U S 2 0 0 9 S C H I E B L O C K R E P U R P O S E D 1 9 4 0 R O T T E R D A M B L I T Z 1 9 5 3 L I J N B A A N 1 9 5 9 S C H I E B L O C K 2 0 1 4 M A R K T H A L 1 9 9 2 K U N S T H A L 1 9 9 6 S C H O U W B U R G P L E I N L AT E 2 0 T H C E N T U R Y
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SLIDE 41
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SLIDE 42
  • verlap
vibrance wayfind connect blend
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SLIDE 43
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SLIDE 46
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SLIDE 47 Bau Neue Haas Grotesk
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SLIDE 48 Bau Neue Haas Grotesk
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SLIDE 49 Neue Haas Grotesk is the modern revival of Helvetica’s predecessor, Akzidenz
  • Grotesk. Neue Haas Grotesk carries the same warmth of Akzidenz Grotesk; an
effect created by the subtle rounding of the bowl of ‘e’ and its wider character
  • width. Like Akzidenz Grotesk, Neue Haas Grotesk is designed for large point
sizes, but optimized for modern displays. The warmth of Neue Haas Grotesk contrasts against Bau’s sharp angularity and staccato rhythm.

These grotesk sans serif typefaces share similar geometry and low contrast stroke. n

ee u g k r e t

  • s

h s a a

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SLIDE 50

circular

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SLIDE 51 circular neue haas grotesk
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SLIDE 52 circular neue haas grotesk
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SLIDE 53 Corrie-Anne Rounding. Public space : Urban form and its effect on sociability Klass Kresse. Dutch architecture policy and infrastructure since the 1990’s Leo van den Berg. European cities in the knowledge economy.Localis.Neo-Localism Niki Frantzeskaki & Nadja Kabisch. Designing knowledge spaces for urban growth Elma V. Boxel & Kristian Koreman. Re-public: Towards a new spatial politics. Hans Karssenberg & Jeroen Laven. The city at eye level in the Netherlands Elma V. Boxel & Kristian Koreman. Inside: ZUS. IABR. Test-Site Rotterdam Dutch Profiles. Dutch design decoded, West 8, Zus: Zones Urbaines Sensibles
  • CNU. Nolli map as a tool for small developers
Andy Yu. Urban politics and spatial intervention
  • Arcadis. Global city focus: Rotterdam. MVRDV. Projects: Markthal
Adele Peters. Experimental City: Rotterdam A world leader in urban design
  • Maudbrock. The Schieblock: The urban laboratory
Michael Turtle. Urban rejuvenation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Public Space. Test Site Rotterdam: Permanent temporality

Our presentation draws from the following sources.