Role of Sport Science in Performance Enhancement: Strength, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Role of Sport Science in Performance Enhancement: Strength, Conditioning & Nutritional Considerations

Richard B. Kreider, PhD, FACSM, FISSN, FACN, FNAK

Professor & Executive Director, Human Clinical Research Facility Director, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab Department of Health & Kinesiology Texas A&M University rbkreider@tamu.edu exerciseandsportnutritionlab.com essentialsofsportnutrition.com hcrf.tamu.edu

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

The Foundation of Performance

• We all marvel when we see

athletes break records and do what was once thought impossible.

• When we see the cumulative

efforts of sustained excellence.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

The Foundation of Performance

• Behind every athlete, team,

victory and celebration, there are coaches and support staff who spend countless hours helping athletes and teams be successful.

• In high-level sport, success is
• ften determined by how

effective support staff and coaches were in applying the latest science and psychology to peak performance.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Performance Enhancement Team

• Optimizing athletic performance

requires professionals from a number of areas working together to improve individual and team performance.

• Teams that have developed a multi-

disciplinary approach to optimizing performance and athlete care generally experience greater long-term success.

• Strength, conditioning and nutrition

serve as the foundation in preparing athletes to perform to the best of their ability.

Peak Performance

Coaching

Sport Psychology Team Analytics & Biomechanics Athletic Training & Sports Medicine

Performance Nutrition Strength & Conditioning

Team Support Personnel

• Athletic Administration
• Operations & Facilities
• Equipment Managers
• Travel & Logistics
• Communications & Video
• Academic Support
• Marketing & Event

Management

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Relationship of Training & Nutrition to Performance

Performance Training Volume/Intensity

Undertraining/Poor Diet Optimal Training/Diet Overtraining / Inadequate Diet

Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

History of Strength & Conditioning

• Strength training dates back to 3,600 BC when

Chinese emperors made subjects exercise daily and pass weight-lifting tests to enter military.

• Evidence that weight training was part of life in

ancient Greece and India.

• Weight training books began to be published in the

16th century.

• Training methods of “strongman” like Eugen

Sandow and Dr. Vladislav Krayevsky from Russia in the 19th century increased interest in strength training.

• Popularity of bodybuilders in the early to mid-20th

century helped popularize strength training and bodybuilding.

Siff MC. Supertraining. 2000 Hale J. History of strength and conditioning science. Ezine Articles. 2006

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

History of Strength Coaching

• Up to 1969, many coaches discouraged athletes from strength

training for fear it was detrimental to athletic performance.

• Although some athletes lifted on their own, there were relatively

few strength coaches working with athletic teams and many were volunteers.

• In 1969, Boyd Epley was hired as the University of Nebraska’s first

full-time strength where he quickly gained national notoriety as a successful strength coach after Nebraska won ’70 and ’71 national championship in football.

• In the 1970s, several other universities and a few professional

teams began hiring strength coaches.

• In 1978, Epley and 76 other strength coaches founded the NSCA

and worked to forge a profession for strength and conditioning specialists.

• Today, nearly every team employs full-time strength coaches and

many universities have curriculum preparing students for careers in strength & conditioning.

Shurley JP, JS Todd. JSCR 26(12):3177-88, 2012.

Available December 2019

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Principles of Strength Training

• Specificity
• Overload
• Progression
• Variation
• Diminishing Return
• Reversibility

Sands WA, JJ Wurth, JK Hewitt. NSCA Strength and Conditioning Manual. 2012

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Components of Strength & Conditioning

• Mobility and Flexibility Training
• Dynamic Warm-up
• Flexibility Training
• Periodized Resistance Training (2-8 weeks)
• Muscular Endurance
• Hypertrophy Phase
• Strength Phase
• Power Phase
• Cardiovascular Training
• Core/Stability Training
• Speed & Agility Training

Strength Training Variables

• Sets per exercise
• Reps per exercise
• Rest between sets
• Load (% 1RM)

Sands WA, JJ Wurth, JK Hewitt. NSCA Strength and Conditioning Manual. NSCA Foundations of Fitness Programming. 2015

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Periodization

• Macrocycle (52 weeks)
• Mesocycle (2-12 Weeks)
• General Physical Preparation Phase
• Specific Preparation Phase
• Pre-Competitive Phase
• Competitive Phase
• Peak Phase
• Microcycle (1-2 Weeks)
• Smaller training cycles
• Individual Training Sessions
• Exercises, hours, minutes
• Different types of training

Sands WA, JJ Wurth, JK Hewitt. NSCA Strength and Conditioning Manual. NSCA Foundations of Fitness Programming. 2015

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Periodization Phases

Muscular Endurance Muscular Endurance Variables Beginner Intermediate Advanced

Duration 2-4 weeks 2-4 weeks 2-4 weeks Sets per Exercise 1-3 ≥3 ≥3 Reps per Set 10-15 10-15 10-25 Rest between Sets ≤30 seconds ≤30 seconds ≤30 seconds Load/Intensity (% 1 rm) 65% 70% 75% Volume/Intensity Relationship Moderate/Low Moderate/Low Moderate/Low

Sands WA, JJ Wurth, JK Hewitt. NSCA Strength and Conditioning Manual.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Periodization Phases

Hypertrophy Hypertrophy Variables Beginner Intermediate Advanced

Duration 2-4 weeks 2-4 weeks 2-4 weeks Sets per Exercise 1-3 ≥3 ≥3 Reps per Set 8-12 6-12 6-12 Rest between Sets 30s –1.5 min 30 s–1.5 min 30s–1.5 min Load/Intensity (% 1 RM) 67-80% 67-85% 67-85% Volume/Intensity Relationship Moderate/Moderate Moderate/Moderate Moderate/Moderate

Sands WA, JJ Wurth, JK Hewitt. NSCA Strength and Conditioning Manual.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Periodization Phases

Strength Strength Training Variables Beginner Intermediate Advanced

Duration 2-4 weeks 2-4 weeks 2-4 weeks Sets per Exercise 1-3 ≥3 ≥3 Reps per Set ≤6 ≤6 ≤6 Rest between Sets 2-5 min 2-5 min 2-5 min Load/Intensity (% 1 RM) ≥70% ≥80% ≥85% Volume/Intensity Relationship low-high low-high low-high

Sands WA, JJ Wurth, JK Hewitt. NSCA Strength and Conditioning Manual.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Periodization Phases

Power Power Variables Beginner Intermediate Advanced

Duration 2-4 weeks 2-4 weeks Sets per Exercise

• 1-3

3-6 Reps per Set

• 3-6

1-6 Rest between Sets

• 2-5 min

2-5 min Load/Intensity (% 1 rm)

• 30-60%

30-70% Volume/Intensity Relationship

• Low/High

Low/High

Sands WA, JJ Wurth, JK Hewitt. NSCA Strength and Conditioning Manual.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Training Session / Microcycle Options

• Single-set system: performing one set of a given

exercise (as opposed to performing multiple sets)

• Multiple-set systems (standard exercise order):

performing multiple sets of an exercise before moving on to subsequent exercises

• Complex set: combining a strength exercise followed

by a power exercise (e.g., squats followed by depth jumps)

• Compound set: performing 2 – 3 exercises for similar

muscle groups

• Circuit training: performing one set of multiple

exercises before repeating

• Supersets: performing alternating exercises for
• pposing muscle groups
• Pyramid loading: increasing training load progressively

and then decreasing

• Drop sets: performing a set to muscular failure with a

given load and continuing immediately with additional sets at a lighter load

• Heavy negatives: performing eccentric-only work with

a load greater than concentric 1RM

• Forced reps: performing additional reps past volitional

fatigue with the help of a spotter

• Cluster sets: also known as rest-pause sets, utilize

inter-repetition rest intervals of 10 – 30 s

• Accommodating resistance: incorporating bands and

chains to free weight exercises to exert isokinetic resistance throughout the full range of motion

• Partial range of motion: performing an exercise in

partial ranges of motion to increase strength at a particular joint angle

NSCA Foundations of Fitness Programming. 2015

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Speed and Agility Training

• Plyometrics
• Eccentric Phase
• Amortization / Transition Phase
• Concentric Phase
• Deceleration and Jump Training
• Jumps in Place
• Multiple Hops
• Distance Jumps
• Speed and Agility
• Reactive Speed
• Active / Acceleration Speed
• Frequency Speed
• Complex Speed

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Speed and Agility Training

• Linear Speed
• Sprinting Technique
• Acceleration Sprints
• Agility
• Perceptual/Decision Making Factors
• Technical Factors
• Physical Factors
• Anthropometric Factors
• Interval Training
• Repeated Sprints
• Progressively Decreasing Work to Rest

Ratios (e.g., 1:10, 1:8, 1:6, etc.)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Impact of Strength and Conditioning

• Numerous studies indicate that incorporating these types of

conditioning programs increase strength, power, speed, agility, and muscle mass in male and female athletes.

• Kraemer et al. (2003) reported that 9 months of RT increased FFM;

anaerobic power; grip strength; jump height; 1-RM strength; serve, forehand, and backhand ball velocities in female tennis players.

• Smith et al. (2014) reported that nonlinear RT prioritized to specific

athletic goals during off-season training in American football players promoted significant improvements in strength and power.

• Vantarakis et al. (2017) reported that 8-weeks of RT in naval academy

cadets promoted significant improvements in 1RM strength, push-ups, abdominal crunches, time to complete 30-m distance, and time to complete the Navy Obstacle Course.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Davis Football Player Development Center Aggie Soccer Data Analytics

Advances in Strength Training Facilities & Technology

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

History of Sport Nutrition

• Ancient Greek and Roman athletes reported to ingest

whole grains, fruits, cheeses, wine diluted with water, and sporadic fish and meat.

• Spartan athlete Charmis purported to consume dried figs

before competition.

• Long-distance runner Dromeus of Stymphalos purportedly

ingested meat before events.

• Milo of Croton purported to eat “nine kilos of meat, nine

kilos of bread, and nine liters of wine” before competition.

• Marathon winner of 2nd Olympic games reportedly

consumed egg whites, brandy and strychnine (stimulant in small quantities) during the run.

Milo of Croton

Juzwiak CR. Rev. Nutr. 29(3): 201 6; Rawson E. ISSN 2019 Keynote Presentation; Applegate EA , LE Grivetti. J Nutri. 127(5) 869-73S, 1997

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

History of Sport Nutrition

• Research linking nutrition to athletic performance began

appearing in the literature in the mid 1800s.

• Michel Eugène Chevreul (1832) discovered creatine in muscle.
• Justus von Liebig suggested that:
• protein influenced exercise metabolism (1842);
• creatine increased in muscle 10 fold in foxes killed in chase (1847);
• consuming a meat extract that he developed (Liebig’s Extract of

Meat Company) could increase strength, performance, and health.

• Sarokow (1863) and Sczelkow (1866) reported that increased

muscle creatine after work and tetanus.

• First studies showing creatine ingestion (with and without

carbohydrate) increased muscle creatine, weight gain, and exercise capacity (1909 & 1912).

Michel Eugène Chevreul Justus von Liebig

Juzwiak CR. Rev. Nutr. 29(3): 201 6; Rawson E. ISSN 2019 Keynote Presentation; Applegate EA , LE Grivetti. J Nutri. 127(5) 869-73S, 1997

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

History of Sport Nutrition

• Scandinavian studies in the 1920s and 1930s showed the influence
• f diet and use of carbohydrates and fats as substrates at rest and

during exercise.

• During the 1940s – 1950s research into role of vitamins and

minerals on health and exercise.

• Development of the muscle biopsy technique by Bergström in 1962

paved the way for studies to understand how macronutrient ingestion affects muscle glycogen, phosphagens, exercise capacity, recovery, and training.

• In 1965, Dr. Robert Cade and colleagues created Gatorade and

showed that ingesting a GES helps prevent dehydration and improve performance.

• Studies conducted by Hultman, Bergstrỏm, Harris, Costill and others

the 60s & 70’s provided the scientific foundation of sport nutrition.

• Over the last 50 years, there has been an explosion of research on

the role of nutrition on exercise.

Juzwiak CR. Rev. Nutr. 29(3): 201 6; Rawson E. ISSN 2019 Keynote Presentation; Applegate EA , LE Grivetti. J Nutri. 127(5) 869-73S, 1997

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Professional Development of Sport Nutrition

• Williams book in 1976 on nutritional aspects of physical activity

and athletics increased interest in sport nutrition.

• During the 1980s, a number of academic programs added sports

nutrition courses to their curriculum.

• In 1991, the International Journal of Sport Nutrition was launched

by Human Kinetics which was renamed the IJSNEM in 2001.

• In early to mid-1990s, several teams and universities hired full-

time sport dietitians or partnered with sport nutrition research groups to provide support.

• In 2003, the International Society of Sport Nutrition was founded.
• JISSN (2004) – ISSN Review & Position Stands
• CISSN (2007) & ISSN-SNS (2015) Certifications
• In the early 2000s, several universities began exercise & nutrition

PhD programs and/or sport nutrition MS programs.

• In 2009, the Collegiate and Professional Sports Dietitians

Association (CPSDA) was founded.

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Components of Sport Nutrition Program

• Assessment & Goal Identification
• Diet
• Body Composition
• Resting Energy Expenditure
• Nutrition Education & Cooking
• General Nutrition for Athletes
• Nutrient Timing
• Shopping & Food Selection
• Cooking Techniques
• Dietary Supplement Education
• Training Table
• Food Selection and Ordering
• Design Dining Hall Meal Plans
• Catered Meals / Snacks
• Travel Food Preparation and Planning
• Game Day Nutrient & Hydration
• Recovery Nutrition

Science-Based, Safe, & Legal Supplements

Recovery Diet Competition Nutrition & Hydration Nutrient Timing

Energy & Macronutrient Sufficient Diet

Adapted from Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Energy Needs

• General Fitness Training (e.g., 30 - 40 min/d; 3 d/wk)
• Exercise energy expenditure generally 200 – 400 kcals/workout
• Energy needs can be met on normal diet (e.g., 1,500 – 3,150 kcals/day or about 30 -

35 kcals/kg/day for a 50 – 90 kg individual)

• Moderate Training (e.g., 2-3 hr/d; 5-6 d/wk)
• Exercise energy expenditure generally 600 – 1,200 kcals/hour
• Caloric needs may approach 40 – 70 kcals/kg/day (2,000 – 7,000 kcals/day for a 50 –

100 kg athlete)

• Elite Athletes (e.g., 3-6 hr/d; 5-6 d/wk)
• Caloric needs are typically 70 – 90 kcals/kg/day (3,500 – 9,000 kcals/day for a 50 – 100

kg athlete) with energy expenditure in Tour de France reported as high as 12,000 kcals/day (150 - 200 kcals/kg/d for a 60 – 80 kg athlete)

• Caloric needs for large athletes (i.e., 100 – 150 kg) may range between 6,000 – 12,000

kcals/day depending on the volume/intensity of training

• Often difficult for athletes to eat enough food in order to meet caloric needs

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018 Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Macronutrient Guidelines

Athletes

• Carbohydrate (55%-65% of calories)
• 3 – 5 g/kg/d – Resistance / Power
• 5 – 8 g/kg/d – Field / Endurance
• 8 – 10 g/kg/d – heavy training
• Protein (15-20% of calories)
• 0.8 – 1.2 g/kg/d - general fitness
• 1.2 – 2.0 g/kg/d - moderate training
• 1.7 – 2.2 g/kg/d - heavy training
• Fat (25-30% of calories)
• 1 – 2.2 g/kg/d
• Meal Timing Important
• Use of energy supplements helpful

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Nutritional Guidelines

Athletes

Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

General Fitness Training Moderate Training Power Athletes Endurance Athletes (50 – 90-kg) (50 – 100-kg) (60 – 120-kg) (50 – 80 k0) Energy Intake (kcals/day) 1,500 – 3,150 2,000 – 5,000 2,700 – 7,200 2,500 – 6,400 Carbohydrate (%) 45 – 55 % 50 – 60% 40 – 50% 55 – 65% (grams/kg/day) 3 – 5 5 – 8 5 – 8 7 – 13 Protein (%) 11 – 14 % 10 – 16 % 10 – 15 % 10 – 12 % (grams/kg/day) 0.8 – 1.2 1.2 – 2.0 1.7 – 2.2 1.5 – 2.0 Fat (%) < 30 % 22 – 30 % < 30 % 25 – 30 % (grams/kg/day) 1.0 – 1.2 1 – 1.5 1.5 – 2.0 1.5 – 2.2

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Nutritional Guidelines

Nutrient Timing

• Pre-exercise meals (4-6 h)
• Pre-exercise snack (30-60 min)
• 30-50 g CHO, 5-10 g PRO
• Water and/or Sports drinks during exercise (> 60 min)
• 0.5 – 1.0 L/h or water or 6%-8% GES
• Sports gels/bars at half-time
• Post-exercise snack (within 30 min)
• 1 g/kg CHO, 0.5 g/kg PRO
• Post-exercise meal (within 2 hrs)
• CHO loading (2-3 days prior to competition)
• Taper training by 30%-50%
• Ingest 200-300 extra grams of CHO

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018 Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

• Strong Evidence to Support Efficacy

and Apparently Safe

• Limited or Mixed Evidence to

Support Efficacy

• Little to No Evidence to Support

Efficacy and/or Safety

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids

Categories

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Muscle Building Supplements

Strong Evidence to Support Efficacy and Apparently Safe

* Beginners and elderly initiating training

• Creatine monohydrate
• Essential amino acids (EAA)
• Protein
• HMB*

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018 Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Muscle Building Supplements

Limited or Mixed Evidence to Support Efficacy

* Trained populations

• Adenosine-5’-Triphosphate (ATP)
• BCAA
• HMB*
• Phosphatidic acid

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018 Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Performance Enhancement Supplements

Strong Evidence to Support Efficacy and Apparently Safe

• β-alanine
• Caffeine
• Carbohydrate
• Creatine Monohydrate
• Sodium Bicarbonate
• Sodium Phosphate
• Water and Sports Drinks

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018 Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Performance Enhancement Supplements

Limited or Mixed Evidence to Support Efficacy

• L-Alanyl-L-Glutamate
• Arachidonic acid
• BCAA
• Citrulline
• Essential amino acids (EAA)
• Glycerol
• HMB
• Nitrates
• Post-exercise CHO and PRO
• Quercetin
• Taurine

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018 Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Recovery Nutrition

• Goals
• Rehydrate
• Replenish Glycogen
• Promote Anabolism and Reduce Catabolism
• Manage Inflammation
• Support the Immune System
• Additional Strategies
• Pre-Sleep Nutrition
• Neuroprotection
• Creatine
• Citicoline
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

• Strength/Power/Sprint Athletes
• Moderate to High CHO/PRO diet
• Water/GES
• Post-Exercise PRO/EAA
• Creatine
• β-alanine
• Sodium Bicarbonate
• Nitrates (Beet Root Juice)
• Endurance Athletes
• High CHO diet/CHO loading
• Water/GES
• Caffeine
• Sodium Phosphate
• Nitrates (Beet Root Juice)
• Creatine

Performance Enhancement Nutrition

Summary

• Recovery Nutrition
• Rehydrate
• CHO
• Post-Exercise PRO/EAA
• Creatine
• Tart Cherry
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Kerksick et al., JISSN. 15: 38, 2018 Kreider RB. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice (2019)

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

• Strength, conditioning, nutrition, and data analytics will

play an increasingly important role in optimizing performance of high-level athletes.

• There will be a greater emphasis on using strength,

conditioning, and nutrition to develop young athletes as they mature into adulthood.

• Greater application of performance enhancement

principles for recreationally competitive sport.

• Greater application of performance enhancement practices

in older populations to maintain strength and muscle mass; strengthen bones and improve balance; and, promote recovery from illness and surgery.

• Expanding interest in nutrigenomics and nutraceutical

development to promote physical and cognitive health and performance and reduce risk to concussion, TBI, and CTE.

Future Directions

89th Annual Meeting | Optimization of Human Performance | September 12 – 14, 2019 |Bellevue, Washington

Role of Sport Science in Performance Enhancement: Strength, Conditioning & Nutritional Considerations

Richard B. Kreider, PhD, FACSM, FISSN, FACN, FNAK

Professor & Executive Director, Human Clinical Research Facility Director, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab Department of Health & Kinesiology Texas A&M University rbkreider@tamu.edu exerciseandsportnutritionlab.com essentialsofsportnutrition.com hcrf.tamu.edu