SLIDE 1
Wind Integration
Challenges:
´ Variability ´ Uncertainty ´ Asynchronism
Solutions:
´ Demand Response ´ Energy Storage ´ Improved Wind Forecasting Techniques
Role of Power Electronics in Wind Integration and Reliability - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Role of Power Electronics in Wind Integration and Reliability - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Role of Power Electronics in Wind Integration and Reliability Issues Wind Integration Challenges: Variability Uncertainty Asynchronism Solutions: Demand Response Energy Storage Improved Wind Forecasting
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Types of Wind Turbine Generators
Type 1: Induction generator–fixed speed Type 2: Wound-rotor induction generator with adjustable external rotor resistance–variable slip
SLIDE 4
Types of Wind Turbine Generators
Type 3: Double-fed induction generators (DFIG)– variable speed Type 4: Full converter system with permanent magnet synchronous generator —variable speed, direct drive
SLIDE 5
Active Power Control
Swing Equation: Types of Active Power Control: ´ Inertial Control ´ Primary Frequency Control ´ Regulation and Automatic Generation Control
SLIDE 6
Active Power Control- Inertial Control
Inertial Control Characteristics of Wind Turbine Generators: Where 𝐾 is wind rotor inertia [𝑙·𝑛2], and Δ𝜕 is change in rotor speed. ´ Then, the power released can be estimated as Δ𝑄=Δ𝐹/Δ𝑢 [watt] ´ For instance, the 1.5 MW wind turbine is capable of releasing up to 200 kW from the inertia in 15 s when the wind rotors slow down by 5 RPM from initial speed.
SLIDE 7
Active Power Control- Inertial Control
Inertial Control Characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 WTG Model Design: Illustration of kinetic energy transfer during a frequency decline for Type 1 and 2 WTGs.
SLIDE 8
Active Power Control- Inertial Control
Inertial Control Characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 WTG Model Design: Simplified governor-based power system model.
- In this illustration, a large 2 MW
Type 1 wind turbine is used.
SLIDE 9
Inertial Control Characteristics of Type 1 WTG Model Design:
Frequency response of Type 1 WTG connected to a power system with large inertia.
- The inertial response energy
released is delivered at a peak power value of 40 kW with a duration
- f about 1 second.
- As the frequency drops, the output
power of the WTG increases from 1.94 MW up to 1.98 MW.
SLIDE 10
Inertial Control Characteristics of Type 1 WTG Model Design:
Frequency response of Type 1 WTG connected to a power system with low inertia.
SLIDE 11
Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Turbine Generator— Power Speed Characteristic
Output power versus rotor speed (Type 2 WTG).
Output power versus rotor speed (Type 1 WTG).
SLIDE 12
Active Power Control- Inertial Control
Inertial Control Characteristics of Type 3 and Type 4 WTG Model Design: Illustration of kinetic energy transfer during a frequency decline for Type 3 and 4 WTGs.
SLIDE 13
Inertial Control Characteristics of Type 3 and Type 4 WTG Model Design:
Frequency response of Type 3 and Type 4 WTG
SLIDE 14
Active Power Control- Primary Frequency Control
(frequency responsive reserve and governor droop service)
PFC implemented with a frequency droop on a wind power plant.
SLIDE 15
Active Power Control
When a disturbance occurs, the frequency of the electric power system deviates from its scheduled level. The frequency must be stabilized and returned to its scheduled level to avoid further reliability issues
SLIDE 16
Impact of Wind Penetration Levels and APC Strategies on Frequency response
WI frequency response for 15% wind power penetration.
SLIDE 17
Impact of Wind Penetration Levels and APC Strategies on Frequency response
WI frequency response for 50% wind power penetration.
SLIDE 18
Impact of Wind Penetration Levels and APC Strategies on Frequency response
Impact of wind power controls on frequency nadir
SLIDE 19
Impact of Wind Penetration Levels and APC Strategies on Frequency response
Impact of wind power controls on settling frequency
SLIDE 20