Hanoi, Viet Nam, 9 June 2016 Design Elements of the NAMA Programme: “Waste -to- Resources for Cities in Viet Nam” João Aleluia Project Coordinator Environment and Development Division
The concept of NAMA “ Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building , in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner ” Greenhouse gas emission reductions should be achieved alongside strong sustainable development benefits NAMAs should support a transformational change and a paradigm shift NAMAs require strong national-level support NAMAs should address clearly identified barriers 2
Solid waste management in Viet Nam Solid waste generation rates are increasing in Viet Nam, with waste disposal being the common practice Disposal of waste in landfill sites and open dumps is the current practice Solid waste collection rates are 83-85% of total generation Informal sector active along the waste management value chain Biodegradable organics are typically not recovered, leading to the emission of greenhouse gases Source : “Waste -to- Resource” NAMA Design Study 3
Policy framework The policy framework on solid waste management and climate change is supportive of waste recovery approaches and the principles of Reducing, Reusing and Recycling (3R) National Strategy for Integrated Management of Solid Waste up to 2025 and Vision towards 2050 (2009) By 2050, all types of waste are to be collected, reused, recycled and treated 100% waste collection rates in urban areas by 2025, with 90% of collected waste to be treated in an environmental friendly manner by 2025 National Climate Change Strategy (2011) By 2020, 90% of the total volume of urban waste domestic waste should be collected and treated, of which 85% it to be recycled and reused Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Viet Nam (2015) Recognizes the need to develop enhanced waste management capacities and the promotion of 3Rs 4
Barrier analysis Several barriers hinder the implementation of “waste -to- resource” initiatives in Viet Nam Lack of guidelines and regulations to stimulate and/or enforce the implementation of national targets Insufficient policy, regulatory and market incentives for stimulating investments in solid waste management Institutional arrangements for the climate change and waste sectors in Viet Nam are complex, often unclear, and suffer from overlapping roles and responsibilities Limited availability of funds to finance “waste -to- resource” initiatives at the local level Lack of capacities, know- how and expertise along the development cycle of “waste -to- resource” initiatives 5
Aim of the NAMA The Waste-to- Resource NAMA aims to… Support Viet Nam in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the solid waste sector through the implementation of waste management approaches that are in line with the principles of Reducing, Reusing, Recycling (3R) and the recovery of resources from waste , while at the same time contributing to sustainable development in Viet Nam. 6
Key measures to address identified barriers The NAMA will address the barriers hindering the solid waste sector of Viet Nam through the establishment of a policy and institutional framework that will: • Encourage cities to voluntarily propose their own targets for reusing, reducing and recycling solid waste, based on those laid out on the National Strategy for Integrated Management of Solid Waste up to 2025 and Vision towards 2050 • Establish a NAMA Management Board to operate as a “one - stop shop” and steering committee for the activities under the NAMA • Set up a dedicated financing vehicle to mobilize and channel funds from international and national sources to the implementation of measures aligned with those endorsed by the NAMA • Create incentive schemes at national, provincial and city level that enable the financial and economic viability of “waste -to- resource” initiatives • Provide technical, operational and managerial support to officials and practitioners 7
Scope of the NAMA Eligible measures of the NAMA include the following: Reduction of solid waste generated and implementation of waste segregation practices; Diversion of waste streams from final disposal sites, with diverted waste being treated through the following approaches: Biological treatment of the organic component of waste (composting and anaerobic digestion) Recovery, reuse and recycling of inorganic waste Physical and pelletization methods such as the production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) Implementation of integrated and sustainable waste management approaches along the waste management value chain in line with the principles of 3R, including “good practices” identified in Viet Nam Strategies and policies designed at city or provincial level for “zero waste” or a “carbon neutral waste sector”. 8
Good practices are supported by the NAMA The NAMA will support the dissemination of good practices for solid waste management in Viet Nam, one of them being the Integrated Resource Recovery Center (IRRC) model, which has been piloted in the cities of Quy Nhon and Kon Tum Composting boxes of Composting bags of IRRC IRRC in Quy Nhon in Kon Tum 9
Top-down and bottom-up approach The NAMA was conceptualized as an articulation of both “top - down” and “bottom - up” measures…. Establishment of a NAMA Management Board to act as a “one - stop shop” for the NAMA (DSTE, MoC) Establishment of a dedicated financial vehicle to fund activities of the NAMA (VEPF, MoNRE) Climate change core expertise and assistance to be provided by national level entities Waste-to-Resource NAMA Cities and provinces voluntarily take part on the NAMA and propose to come up with their own targets on 3R based on national plans and strategies Implementation of activities at sub-national level, which are subsequently subject to Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) 10
Project Development Process The NAMA programme will be developed along the following main steps: 1 NAMA is endorsed/approved at national level 2 3 City and provincial Establishment of NAMA government authorities Management Board and are informed about the capacity building NAMA 4 5 6 7 Activities eligible as Cities agreeing to Plan is evaluated by Eligible activities part of the NAMA join the NAMA NAMA Management are implemented are communicated submit detailed plan Board and subject to MRV to cities 11
Institutional arrangements Other Green Climate Development NAMA Facility international Fund Banks donors MoNRE MoC MARD MoIT DMHCC VEPF VEA DSTE National Level Sub-national Level Provincial Governments URENCOs Municipal Governments Project Developers
NAMA Financing Options The full implementation of the measures proposed under the NAMA are estimated to require an average minimum investment of 2.4 trillion VND per year Waste-to-Resource NAMA Sources of Funding Unilateral Supported (Domestic) (International) 60-80% 20-40% Provincial National Private Climate Private and city Banks government Sector financing Sector (FDI) governments 13
Greenhouse gas emission reductions The full implementation of the NAMA could reduce GHG emissions from the solid waste sector in 71% by 2030 in relation to a business-as-usual scenario 70 60 CO 2 eq (million tons) 50 40 30 20 10 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Year PE y ER comp,y ER paper recycling,y ER RDF,y ER AD,y 14
Sustainable development benefits Economic benefits Reduced costs with landfilling Extended landfill life Reduced subsidies on chemical fertiliser Improved crop yield Social benefits Environmental benefits Improved living conditions Reduced soil and water pollution Better job opportunities Reduced GHG emissions Reduced disease spread Improved soil quality Better environmental awareness Production of low-carbon fuel(s) 15
Relevance to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development The “Waste -to- Resource” NAMA can support Viet Nam achieving some of its Sustainable Development Goals … 16
Next steps 1 2 3 NAMA Design Piloting and testing NAMA up-scaling Obtain national endorsement and support for the NAMA Formal approval of the NAMA Identify cities that could pilot the NAMA Seek international support for piloting and full implementation Further elaborate on some of the NAMA elements 17
Issues for discussion Thoughts and considerations from workshop participants on NAMA design elements Process for national level endorsement and approval of the NAMA programme Next steps, including the interest of cities in piloting the programme 18
Thank you for the attention! http://www.unescap.org/our-work/environment-development/urban-development 19
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