Renewable Energy for Desalination Source: Gerindtec (India) Dr. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Renewable Energy for Desalination Source: Gerindtec (India) Dr. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 11, 2024 123 likes •412 views

Renewable Energy for Desalination Source: Gerindtec (India) Dr. Jrgen Rheinlnder Solar Thermal Power Adviser - Germany Solar GHI utilized for non- concentrating collection of irradiance PV FPC ETC Solar still Solar DNI

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Renewable Energy for Desalination

  • Dr. Jürgen Rheinländer – Solar Thermal Power Adviser - Germany

Source: Gerindtec (India)

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Solar GHI

utilized for non- concentrating collection of irradiance 

PV FPC ETC Solar still

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Solar DNI

utilized for concentrating collection of irradiance 

parabolic trough and dish heliostat + central receiver Fresnel-collector CPV

mind the difference!

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SLIDE 4

Source: Harvard University

Annual Average Wind Power Potential

 The tropical belt is not really promising for wind power utilization!

White areas indicate exclusion of sites in rain forests

Source: Stanford University

Based on design WEC power > 1 MW (hub height > 60 m)

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SLIDE 5

Annual Average Wave Power Levels

Figures = Power in kW/m²

The tropical belt is not promising for wave power utilization!

Source: ETSU (UK)

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Water can be pasteurized at temperatures well below boiling, as can milk, which is commonly pasteurized at 71°C (160°F) for 15 seconds

Solar Water Pasteurization

in solar cookers at end user’s place

Source: www.atlascuisinesolaire.com Source: www.cookwiththesun.com Source: Punjab energy development agency (India)

Large potential for local manufacturing in developing countries

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SLIDE 7

Flow Rate (30mJ/cm2 Dose): 340 l/h Operating Pressure Range: max. 7 bar Reactor Material: Stainless Steel

Cost (without PV power generator): up to 600 US$ (version for 12 V DC) + regular replacement of cartridges & lamp

sediment filter (5 micron) cartridge removes suspended particles. carbon filter (5 micron) cartridge removes volatile organic hydrocarbons. UV water purifier utilizes a germicidal short wave radiation lethal to microorganisms.

Example for Combination of UV water purification with dual cartridge filter

Source: Bio-Logic

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Solar Still (one effect)

up to 6 liters/m²/day

Source: Chaibi and El-Nashar Source: Chaibi and El-Nashar Source: USM (Chile) Source: USM (Chile)

1872 first plant in northern Chile for 22 m³/day 40 years of operation at mining site evaporation from porous wick basin type double slope glass cover north-south axis orientation basin type single slope cover tilted wick type

large local share of manufacturing, but continuous user‘s care required! glass (not PE!) required for cover to achieve “greenhouse effect”

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Pilot plant Oman - 1 m³/day

Source: MAGE Water Management GmbH

Commercial plant - 5 m³/day

Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH)

PV for power Flat plate collectors for heat

up to 30 l/day/m²collector ~ 120 kWh/m³ heat demand

Heat exchanger collector-circuit / brine and hot water storage advisable

80°C

Source: MAGE Water Management GmbH

Suitable for hybrid

  • peration

with waste heat

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(MD) Membrane Distillation

Heat exchanger collector-circuit / brine and hot water storage advisable

Suitable for hybrid

  • peration

with waste heat

Pilot plants up to 2 m³/day in operation

Source: Fraunhofer ISE (Germany)

up to 20 l/day/m²collector ~ 200 kWh/m³ heat demand

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Typically: 60 bar for SW 20 bar for BW Typically: 56 bar for SW 18 bar for BW Typically: 2 bar

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Source: Fraunhofer ISE (Germany) Source: IONICS (USA)

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Integration of SWRO with (hybrid) Power Supply

  • ptional
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PV for BWRO at Aqaba (Jordan)

Source: NERC (Jordan)

50 m³/day PV+Grid

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With SWRO reduction of power demand by 30 to 60% through:

  • Pelton turbine on HP-pump shaft (>10 m³/h), conventional)
  • Pressure Exchanger (>2 m³/h), ERI, ENERCON a.o.)
  • Axial Piston Motor (>0.2 m³/h), Danfoss A/S
  • Pressure Intensifier (>0.03 m³/h), “Clark pump”

SWRO: Power Recovery from Concentrate

70 bar 5 bar 2 bar 60 bar typical process pressure values 65 bar

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SLIDE 15

Source: MEDRC report 97-AS-006a

Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR)

driven by DC power  PV Power demand rises with salinity  brackish water

  • nly

Germs are not removed  „clean“ BW only Reversal of polarity and exchange of product / concentrate paths  reduction of scaling on membranes

Typical dissolved ions: anions (charge -): Cl, NO3, SO4 cations (charge +): Na, K, Ca cathode anode

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Source: ARCADIS G&M Inc Source: pca-GmbH Source: GE power+water

EDR - Stack

DC power ~ 3 kWh/m³ (10,000 ppm TDS)

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Integration of SWRO with (hybrid) Power Supply

WEC

AC_out

  • ptional
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Erection and Lowering of WEC without Large Crane

(source: VERGNET) (source : GTZ)

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Power and control RO Desalination Product storage Pretreatment

Modular Design of RO Plant

Source: ENERCON (Germany) Source: Canary Islands Institute of Technology

Small PV – wind RO plant all in one container and autonomous

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(#) upper value for small number of effects

  • r TVC

>100 m³/d 200 kWhm³ (#)

Source: PRODES – Roadmap 2010 (EU) – without remarks in red

Summary: Renewable Energy for Desalination

Owner‘s labor not included ! Owner‘s labor not included ! =Humidification-Dehumidification thermal: ~700 kWh/m³ < 50 m³/d feasible > 0.1 m³/d feasible

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Systems Analysis

RESYS

pro

DESAL

21

Thank You for Your Attention!

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Source: Hamworthy Serck Como

Thermal Vapor Compression Driven by Steam from Solar Parabolic Trough Collectors

Direct Solar Steam Generation on Plataforma Solar de Almería (Spain)

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SLIDE 23

Source: Hamworthy Serck Como

Process flow diagram of 2 Effect TVC-HTE evaporator

solar

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IPSEpro:

Design, Analysis, Optimisation

PSExcel:

Day, Month, Year Balances Fractions of RES Emissions

PSEconomy:

Life Cycle Cost Present Value of Project Levelised Costs of Power and Water Cost of CO2-Avoidance

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

solar hour of day in July [h]

water [m³/h]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

power [kW]

water power

Investment

0.5% 13.9% 3.1% 0.0% 1.3% 6.0% 29.2% 46.0%

BWED PV CW

Systems Analysis Environment

RESYSproDESAL

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Time Series Simulation of Power Supply

Example: Performance of WEC on Typical Day of July

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Contributions to Energy Supply for SWRO

  • 0.40
  • 0.20

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

fraction of load from Diesel to SWRO from RES to SWRO from RES to Village

Monthly Contributions to Energy Supply

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SLIDE 27

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Invest O&M Consum. Replace

present value [kEuro]

Site+Civil Power System RO System

Breakdown of Present Value of Cost for Total Water and Power Supply to Village

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An internet version of the Systems Analysis Environment

RESYSproDESAL

is accessible

  • free of charge -

via:

www.RESYSpro.net#

  • ffering:

several reference configurations, RO, ED and HDH integrated with PV, WEC, SOT, Diesel and Grid,

  • n-line pre-feasibility studies.

# the development of RESYSproDESAL_WEB was supported by the Middle East Desalination Research Center (MEDRC) and by the Commission of the European Community (CEC)