The Role of Desalination in The Role of Desalination in Meeting - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Role of Desalination in The Role of Desalination in Meeting California Meeting California’ ’s Water s Water Needs Needs

Jerry Johns Jerry Johns Deputy Director Deputy Director California Department of Water Resources California Department of Water Resources June 15, 2006 June 15, 2006

Topics to be Discussed Topics to be Discussed

• California Water Plan

California Water Plan-

• How does

How does desalination fit in? desalination fit in?

• Costs, Opportunities, Challenges

Costs, Opportunities, Challenges

• Review by State Desalination Task

Review by State Desalination Task Force in 2003 Force in 2003

• $50 Million in Desalination

$50 Million in Desalination Grants Grants – – Proposition 50 Proposition 50

California Water Plan California Water Plan

• Done every 5 years

Done every 5 years

• Water Plan update 2005

Water Plan update 2005

• By 2030 California is projected to have 12 million more

By 2030 California is projected to have 12 million more people people

• Increased reliable water needs

Increased reliable water needs

• Conventional water resources are declining:

Conventional water resources are declining:

• Colorado River 4.4 Plan

Colorado River 4.4 Plan

• Local groundwater contamination in some areas

Local groundwater contamination in some areas

• Environmental Needs (Bay

Environmental Needs (Bay-

• Delta, Mono Lake,

Delta, Mono Lake, Etc.) Etc.)

• Possible effects of climate change on surface

Possible effects of climate change on surface runoff patterns runoff patterns

• http://

http://www.waterplan.water.ca.gov www.waterplan.water.ca.gov/ /

Framework for Action Framework for Action Sustainable & Reliable Water in 2030 Sustainable & Reliable Water in 2030

3 Foundational 3 Foundational Actions Ensure Actions Ensure Sustainable Sustainable Water Uses Water Uses

Use Use Water Water Efficiently Efficiently Protect Protect Water Water Quality Quality Support Support Environmental Environmental Stewardship Stewardship Implement Implement Integrated Integrated Regional Water Regional Water Management Management

2 Initiatives 2 Initiatives Ensure Reliable Ensure Reliable Water Supplies Water Supplies

Improve Improve Statewide Water Statewide Water Management Management Systems Systems Vital Economy Vital Economy Healthy Environment Healthy Environment High Standard of Living High Standard of Living

Vision Vision

• Foster regional

Foster regional partnerships partnerships

• Develop integrated

Develop integrated regional water regional water management plans management plans

• Diversify regional water

Diversify regional water portfolios using mix of portfolios using mix of strategies strategies

Initiative 1 Initiative 1

Implement Integrated Implement Integrated Regional Water Regional Water Management Management

Initiative 2 Initiative 2

Improve Statewide Water Improve Statewide Water Management Systems Management Systems

• Improve aging facilities

Improve aging facilities

• Implement CALFED

Implement CALFED Program Program

• Improve flood

Improve flood management management

• Sustain the

Sustain the Sacramento Sacramento-

• San Joaquin Delta

San Joaquin Delta

• Implement Statewide

Implement Statewide Water Management Water Management Programs Programs

• 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 Less Resource Intensive More Resource Intensive

Statewide Scenario Demand Changes Statewide Scenario Demand Changes Plus Groundwater Overdraft Plus Groundwater Overdraft

Current Trends Million Acre-Feet per Year Overdraft 2 MAF per year

Scenario Scenario Demand Demand Changes Changes by by Region Region

Resource Management Resource Management Strategies Strategies

Reduce Water Demand Reduce Water Demand

• Agricultural Water Use

Agricultural Water Use Efficiency Efficiency

• Urban Water Use Efficiency

Urban Water Use Efficiency Improve Operational Efficiency Improve Operational Efficiency & Transfers & Transfers

• Conveyance

Conveyance

• System Reoperation

System Reoperation

• Water Transfers

Water Transfers Increase Water Supply Increase Water Supply

• Conjunctive Management &

Conjunctive Management & Groundwater Storage Groundwater Storage

• Desalination

Desalination – –Brackish & Brackish & Seawater Seawater

• Precipitation Enhancement

Precipitation Enhancement

• Recycled Municipal Water

Recycled Municipal Water

• Surface Storage

Surface Storage – – CALFED CALFED

• Surface Storage

Surface Storage -

• Regional/Local

Regional/Local Improve Water Quality Improve Water Quality

• Drinking Water Treatment and

Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Distribution

• Groundwater/Aquifer

Groundwater/Aquifer Remediation Remediation

• Matching Quality to Use

Matching Quality to Use

• Pollution Prevention

Pollution Prevention

• Urban Runoff Management

Urban Runoff Management Practice Resource Stewardship Practice Resource Stewardship

• Agricultural Lands Stewardship

Agricultural Lands Stewardship

• Economic Incentives (Loans,

Economic Incentives (Loans, Grants, and Water Pricing) Grants, and Water Pricing)

• Ecosystem Restoration

Ecosystem Restoration

• Floodplain Management

Floodplain Management

• Recharge Areas Protection

Recharge Areas Protection

• Urban Land Use Management

Urban Land Use Management

• Water

Water-

• Dependent Recreation

Dependent Recreation

• Watershed Management

Watershed Management

Range of Additional Water Range of Additional Water for Eight Resource Management Choices for Eight Resource Management Choices

0.9 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 3.1 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Precipitation Enhancement Conveyance Ocean & Brackish Desalination Agricultural Water Use Efficiency (Net) Surface Storage - CALFED Recycled Municipal Water Conjunctive Mgmt & GW Storage Urban Water Use Efficiency (Applied) Additional Annual Water (million acre-feet per year)

Low Estimate High Estimate

Brackish and Ocean Water Desalination

Desalination Potential by 2030 Desalination Potential by 2030

• 500,000 acre feet

500,000 acre feet

• 200,000 acre feet ocean water

200,000 acre feet ocean water desalination desalination

• 300,000 acre feet brackish water

300,000 acre feet brackish water desalination desalination

• Total capital investment needed

Total capital investment needed-

• $1 to 2

$1 to 2 billion billion

Benefits of Desalination Benefits of Desalination

Can help meet water demand by introducing a new Can help meet water demand by introducing a new water supply component water supply component Diversify the State Diversify the State’ ’s water portfolio s water portfolio Drought Drought-

• proof

proof Ocean Water Desalination Ocean Water Desalination -

• Renewable

Renewable Brackish Water Desalination Brackish Water Desalination – – Use of previously Use of previously unusable water supplies unusable water supplies

Water Desalination Processes Water Desalination Processes

• Membrane processes

Membrane processes

• Reverse osmosis (RO)

Reverse osmosis (RO)

• Electrodialysis (ED)

Electrodialysis (ED)

• Nanofiltration

Nanofiltration (NF) (NF)

• Microfiltration

Microfiltration (MF) (MF)

• Thermal or Distillation processes

Thermal or Distillation processes

• Vapor Compression:

Vapor Compression: Thermal (TVC) & Mechanical (MVC) Thermal (TVC) & Mechanical (MVC)

• Multi

Multi-

• Stage Flash Distillation (MSF)

Stage Flash Distillation (MSF)

• Multi

Multi-

• Effect Distillation (MED)

Effect Distillation (MED)

• Other processes (not yet competitive)

Other processes (not yet competitive)

• Freezing

Freezing

• Membrane distillation

Membrane distillation

• Air

Air humidification/dehumidification humidification/dehumidification

Trends in Desalination Trends in Desalination

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Worldwide Capacity (MGD) Thermal Processes Membrane Processes

500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 $/ACF Trend in Desalinated Water Cost

[ ] Proposed Projects in California

Trend in desalinated seawater cost

Estimated Unit Cost

Brackish Water Desalination The total cost for brackish water desalination, including the amortized costs for planning, designing, and constructing such a facility and the costs for operation (e.g., energy, chemicals, disposal etc) will be based on site-specific conditions and range from $130 to $1,250 per acre-foot*. Oceanwater Desalination In California, the total amortized production cost of reverse osmosis desalination would be $860/AF to $1,300/AF (assuming electricity costs of $0.08/kWh). On the average, an increase in electric energy cost of $0.01 per kilowatt hour (kWh) would increase the total cost of desalination by $53 per acre-foot (AF) of desalinated water. In addition, there are distribution costs of $100 - $300 per acre-foot.

Operation and maintenance may vary from 50% to 70% of total cost

0.2 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.5 1 1.5 Investment (Billion $) to meet 2030 projections Brackish Ocean

46200 2000 200000 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 Current Projected (2030) Capacity (acf) Brackish Ocean

Desalination Projections & Associated Average Desalination Projections & Associated Average Capital Cost Capital Cost

Desalination in California Desalination in California

In Operation In Operation In Design & In Design & Construction Construction Planned Planned Feedwater Feedwater Source Source

• No. of
• No. of

Plants Plants Annual Annual Capacity Capacity

• No. of
• No. of

Plants Plants Annual Annual Capacity Capacity

• No. of
• No. of

Plants Plants Annual Annual Capacity Capacity Groundwater Groundwater 14 14 46,200 46,200 5 5 31,100 31,100 8 8 56,300 56,300 187,100 187,100 243,400 243,400 322,100 322,100 Seawater Seawater 4 4 1,150 1,150 1 1 250 250 9 9 Total Total 18 18 47,350 47,350 6 6 31,350 31,350 17 17 Cumulative Cumulative 24 24 78,700 78,700 41 41 (Χαπαχιτψ ιν Αχρε−φεετ περ ψεαρ)

Range of Water Supply Range of Water Supply Benefits by 2030 Benefits by 2030

1.1 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.05 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 U r b a n W U E C

• n

j u n c t i v e M g m t & G W S t

• r

a g e R e c y c l e d M u n i c i p a l W a t e r S u r f a c e S t

• r

a g e

• C

A L F E D A g r i c u l t u r a l W U E D e s a l i n a t i

• n

C

• n

v e y a n c e P r e c i p i t a t i

• n

E n h a n c e m e n t Additional Water Supply (MAF per year)

Low Estimate High Estimate

Challenges Facing Desalination Challenges Facing Desalination

• Environmental impacts

Environmental impacts

• Brine disposal / Feed water intake issues

Brine disposal / Feed water intake issues

• Cost

Cost

• Energy use

Energy use – – about 30% higher than Imports

about 30% higher than Imports

• Planning and regulatory issues

Planning and regulatory issues

• Permitting/Regulations

Permitting/Regulations

• Distribution Infrastructure Issues

Distribution Infrastructure Issues

• Aggressiveness of water

Aggressiveness of water

• Blending / treatment

Blending / treatment

• AB 2717, Hertzberg

AB 2717, Hertzberg – – Signed 09/26/2002 Signed 09/26/2002

• Task Force Formed by DWR

Task Force Formed by DWR

• Convened 05/29/2003

Convened 05/29/2003

• Report to Legislature 10/09/2003

Report to Legislature 10/09/2003

• Objectives:

Objectives:

• Identify potential opportunities and

Identify potential opportunities and impediments for using desalination impediments for using desalination

• Examine what role, if any, the State should

Examine what role, if any, the State should play in furthering the use of desalination play in furthering the use of desalination

Desalination Task Force: Desalination Task Force:

Background & Objectives Background & Objectives

Among the Task Force Among the Task Force’ ’s 29 Major s 29 Major Recommendations: Recommendations:

• Include desalination, where economically and

Include desalination, where economically and environmentally appropriate, as an element of a balanced environmentally appropriate, as an element of a balanced water supply portfolio water supply portfolio, which also includes , which also includes conservation and water recycling to the maximum extent conservation and water recycling to the maximum extent practicable practicable

• Provide

Provide funding funding for research and development projects for research and development projects

• Evaluate all new water supply strategies including

Evaluate all new water supply strategies including desalination based desalination based integrated planning integrated planning, growth and , growth and water supply/demand projection water supply/demand projection

• Ensure desalination projects are designed and operated

Ensure desalination projects are designed and operated to avoid, reduce or to avoid, reduce or minimize environmental impacts minimize environmental impacts

• Ensure adequate

Ensure adequate public involvement public involvement

Provisions Provisions Grant Grant Amount Amount (m$) (m$) a a 50 50 50 50 b&c b&c Treatment or removal of Treatment or removal of contaminants / Disinfection using contaminants / Disinfection using UV & ozone treatment UV & ozone treatment DHS DHS Admin. Admin. by by

• Desal. of Ocean or brackish waters
• Desal. of Ocean or brackish waters

DWR DWR

Proposition 50 Chapter 6

“Contaminant and Salt Removal Technologies”

Proposition 50 Chapter 6(a) Proposition 50 Chapter 6(a) “ “Desalination of Ocean or Brackish waters Desalination of Ocean or Brackish waters” ”

Program Objectives Program Objectives

Assist local public agencies with the Assist local public agencies with the development of development of new local potable new local potable water water supplies through the construction of supplies through the construction of brackish water and oceanwater brackish water and oceanwater desalination projects and help advance desalination projects and help advance water desalination technology and its use water desalination technology and its use by means of feasibility studies, research by means of feasibility studies, research and development, and pilot and and development, and pilot and demonstration projects. demonstration projects.

Proposal Solicitation Guidelines Proposal Solicitation Guidelines

• Proposition 50 Language

Proposition 50 Language-

• November 2002

November 2002

• AB 1747 Trailer Bill (statute of 2003)

AB 1747 Trailer Bill (statute of 2003)

• Water Desalination Task Force

Water Desalination Task Force Findings & Recommendations Findings & Recommendations

• Other relevant laws

Other relevant laws

• Public Input

Public Input

Eligible Applicants Eligible Applicants

• California public entities involved with water

California public entities involved with water management activities including: management activities including:

• Cities, Counties, Cities and counties, Joint power

authorities, Public water districts, Tribes, State agencies, and other political subdivisions of the State.

• The following California and non

The following California and non-

• California entities:

California entities:

• Non-profit organizations, including California

watershed management groups, Universities and colleges, and Federal agencies.

Funding Criteria / Preferences Funding Criteria / Preferences

• Comprehensive conservation and recycling programs

Comprehensive conservation and recycling programs

• New and improved technology

New and improved technology

• Public information, education, and outreach

Public information, education, and outreach

• Multiple

Multiple-

• benefits

benefits

• Ensure equitable access to benefits

Ensure equitable access to benefits-

• address

address environmental justice impacts environmental justice impacts

Feasibility studies Feasibility studies $250,000 / project $250,000 / project Research & development Research & development $1.0 million / project $1.0 million / project Pilot or demonstration projects Pilot or demonstration projects $2.5 million / project $2.5 million / project Construction projects Construction projects $5.0 million / project $5.0 million / project

Eligible Project Types

• Funds Appropriated: $25 million; 50 % matching funds required.
• Matching fund is not required of qualified projects serving disadvantaged

community (SB 117, Machado).

Collaboration and Coordination Collaboration and Coordination

• California Energy Commission

California Energy Commission

• US Bureau of Reclamation

US Bureau of Reclamation

• US Desalination Coalition

US Desalination Coalition

• Northern California Salinity Coalition

Northern California Salinity Coalition

• Southern California Salinity Coalition

Southern California Salinity Coalition

• Universities

Universities

• Research institutions

Research institutions

• Sandia Labs (National Desal and Water Purification

Sandia Labs (National Desal and Water Purification Technology Roadmap) Technology Roadmap)

• Office of Naval Research (Demonstration on Energy Recovery

Office of Naval Research (Demonstration on Energy Recovery Systems) Systems)

• Non

Non-

• profit organizations (WateReuse,

profit organizations (WateReuse, … …) )

• Environmental & Consumer advocacy groups

Environmental & Consumer advocacy groups

• Private sector

Private sector

• Other stakeholders and interested parties

Other stakeholders and interested parties

2005 Funding Cycle 2005 Funding Cycle Awarded Grants Awarded Grants

Project Category Project Category (Number of (Number of Funded Funded Projects / Total Projects / Total Projects) Projects) Project Total Project Total Cost Cost ($) ($) Requested Requested ($) ($) Grant Grant Amount Amount ($) ($) Construction Projects Construction Projects ( (3 3/8) /8) 104,359,043 104,359,043 15,000,000 15,000,000 8,930,744 8,930,744 Pilot and Pilot and Demonstration Demonstration Projects Projects ( (6 6/14) /14) 26,438,272 26,438,272 10,474,232 10,474,232 7,974,516 7,974,516 Research and Research and Development Development ( (7 7/11) /11) 13,804,295 13,804,295 6,004,746 6,004,746 6,004,746 6,004,746 Feasibility Studies Feasibility Studies ( (8 8/9) /9) 4,437,061 4,437,061 2,089,994 2,089,994 1,840,453 1,840,453 Total Total ( (24 24/42) /42) 149,038,671 149,038,671 33,568,972 33,568,972 24,750,459 24,750,459

Feasibility studies Feasibility studies $250,000 / project $250,000 / project 7 7 13 13 17 17 12 12 Research & Research & development development $500,000 / project $500,000 / project Pilot or Pilot or demonstration demonstration projects projects $1.5 million / project $1.5 million / project Construction Construction projects projects $3.0 million / project $3.0 million / project

2006 Funding Cycle In Progress

~$21.5 million (50 % matching funds required) Eligible Project Types and Funding Caps

Received 49 applications Requesting $57,511,684

2006 Funding Cycle 2006 Funding Cycle -

• Anticipated Schedule

Anticipated Schedule

10/04/05 10/04/05 Draft Draft PSP released on website for public comment PSP released on website for public comment 11/07/05 11/07/05 2 Public Workshops: Sacramento 10/25/05 2 Public Workshops: Sacramento 10/25/05 San Diego 11/07/05 San Diego 11/07/05 11/14/05 11/14/05 Public Comment Period ends Public Comment Period ends 06/06 06/06 DWR makes final funding decision DWR makes final funding decision 01/26/06 01/26/06 Final PSP released on website to accept proposals Final PSP released on website to accept proposals 02/10/06 02/10/06 Public Workshop for Final PSP Public Workshop for Final PSP 03/24/06 03/24/06 Proposals Due Proposals Due 05/31/06 05/31/06 Review process completed Review process completed

2006 2006 Draft Draft Funding Recommendations Funding Recommendations

Project Project Category Category (Number of (Number of Funded Funded Projects / Total Projects / Total Projects) Projects) Awarded Awarded Projects Projects Total Cost Total Cost Funds Funds Requested Requested Awarded Awarded Grant Grant Construction Construction Projects Projects ( (3 3/12) /12) $43,015,000 $43,015,000 $9,000,000 $9,000,000 $9,000,000 $9,000,000 Pilot and Pilot and Demonstration Demonstration Projects Projects ( (9 9/17) /17) $22,873,787 $22,873,787 $9,811,209 $9,811,209 $8,954,577 $8,954,577 Research and Research and Development Development ( (7 7/13) /13) $7,951,510 $7,951,510 $2,860,964 $2,860,964 $2,860,964 $2,860,964 Feasibility Feasibility Studies Studies ( (4 4/7) /7) $1,463,000 $1,463,000 $724,000 $724,000 $724,000 $724,000 Total Total ( (23 23/49) /49) $75,303,297 $75,303,297 $22,396,173 $22,396,173 $21,539,541 $21,539,541

Prop 50 Desalination Grants Prop 50 Desalination Grants Outcome Outcome

• Mix of R&D, pilot/demonstrations, and construction

Mix of R&D, pilot/demonstrations, and construction projects projects

• Ocean / Bay water and Brackish water desalination

Ocean / Bay water and Brackish water desalination projects projects

• Statewide

Statewide

• Northern California Salinity Coalition

Northern California Salinity Coalition

• Southern California Salinity Coalition

Southern California Salinity Coalition

• Universities / Research institutions

Universities / Research institutions

• A balanced distribution of fund to brackish water

A balanced distribution of fund to brackish water desalination projects and ocean/bay water desalination projects and ocean/bay water desalination related projects with a statewide desalination related projects with a statewide geographically balanced distribution. geographically balanced distribution.

Helpful Links Helpful Links

Department of Water Resources Department of Water Resources

www.water.ca.gov www.water.ca.gov

Recycling and Desalination Branch Recycling and Desalination Branch

www.owue.water.ca.gov/recycle/ www.owue.water.ca.gov/recycle/

OWUE Grants and Loans OWUE Grants and Loans www.owue.water.ca.gov www.owue.water.ca.gov/finance/ /finance/

Contact Contact – – Fawzi Karajeh Fawzi Karajeh – – (916) 651 (916) 651-

• 9669

9669