RENEW RENEWABLE ENERG BLE ENERGY TECHNOL TECHNOLOGIES GIES AN - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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May 07, 2023 304 likes •899 views

RENEW RENEWABLE ENERG BLE ENERGY TECHNOL TECHNOLOGIES GIES AN OVER AN OVERVIEW VIEW Vipin Bhandari ED (Projects) Engineers India Limited 1 EIL BACKGROUND One of Indias leading engineering consultancy and EPC companies Marquee

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RENEW RENEWABLE ENERG BLE ENERGY TECHNOL TECHNOLOGIES GIES

AN OVER AN OVERVIEW VIEW

Vipin Bhandari ED (Projects) Engineers India Limited

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One of India’s leading engineering consultancy and EPC companies Nearly five decades of experience on landmark projects with global

energy majors

Significant track record across entire Oil & Gas value chain including 10

Green-field Refineries, 37 Oil & Gas Processing Plants, 40 Offshore Process Platforms, 42 Pipelines and 7 Petrochemical Complexes

Focused diversification into other sectors: Nuclear and Solar Energy Strategic Crude Oil Storage E&P Fertilizer LNG Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Infrastructure Over 2,900 highly experienced professional and technical workforce In-house and collaborative R&D support with 14 registered patents Expanding overseas presence in Middle East, Africa & South East Asia Zero debt firm with track record of healthy earnings and consistent

dividend payout

EIL BACKGROUND

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BPCL Refinery, Kochi 125 MW Solar Thermal Power Project Panipat Naphtha Cracker Unit Guru Gobind Singh Refinery, Bathinda Marquee Projects

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LINES OF BUSINESS

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Oil & Gas Chemicals & Metallurgy Infrastructure Power Oil and Gas Processing Offshore & Onshore Strategic Storage, Terminals and Pipelines Refinery Petrochemicals Fertilizer Mining and Metallurgy Solar Thermal Nuclear City Gas Urban Development Water and Waste Management

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EIL IN RENEWABLES

Engineering

and Technical consultancy services to Areva Solar for 125 MWe Solar Thermal Power Project

  • f

Reliance Infrastructure Limited (ADAG)

Project Management Services

for 5 MWe Solar PV Project of GAIL under NSM Phase-1 Batch-2

WABLE

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EIL IN RENEWABLES

DPR

for pilot plant

  • f

Compressed Biogas from Municipal Sewage for Swedish Energy Agency

Report on Cost Reduction

for Wind Mills and Aerogenerators for MNRE

EIL

is a Member

  • f

Technical Committee

  • f

C-WET

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This is why we need to work on CO2

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WHY RENEWABLES

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CLIMATE CHANGE IMPERATIVES

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PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND FORECASTS

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TOTAL FINAL ENERGY BY SOURCES BY 2060

PV 13% CSP 18% Solar fuels 1% Solar heat 4% Wind 18% Hydropower 6% Geothermal heat 1% Biomass heat 6% Biofuels 13% Baseload 7% Gas and coal 8% Oil 5%

SOURCE: IEA

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GLOBAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY 2060

SOURCE: IEA

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CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS

  • BASELINE –
  • Business-as-usual

Growth 2005 - 2050 GDP x 4 Final & Primary energy use x 2 Electricity demand x 2.5 Energy CO2 emissions x 2.3

  • Global Warming- by about 6ºC
  • ACT -

Bring back carbon emissions to 2005 levels by 2050

  • BLUE - Reduce carbon emissions by 2050 to a level that is

half of level in 2005 to limit global warming to 2 to 2.4ºC

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GLOBAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION UNDER SCENARIOS

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SHARE OF RENEWABLES UNDER SCENARIOS

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EMISSION REDUCTIONS BY RENEWABLES

Courtesy: ETP 2010

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RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION FOR BLUE MAP SCENARIO

Courtesy: ETP 2008

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EMISSION ABATEMENT BY RENEWABLES

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PRESENT STATUS OF RENEWABLES IN INDIA AND WORLD

TECHNOLOGY CUMULATIVE INSTALLED TILL JUL 13 (MW) INDIA CUMULATIVE INSTALLED TILL 2012 (MW) WORLD SOLAR 1,889 1,02,500 WIND 19,661 2,83,000 SMALL HYDRO 3,707 9,90,000 (Hydro) BIOGAS 1,265 3,50,000 WASTE TO ENERGY 96

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RENEWABLE ENERGY MEDIUM TERM POTENTIAL INDIA

TECHNOLOGY CAPACITY (MW) SOLAR PV 50,000 WIND 45,000 SMALL HYDRO 15,000 BIOGAS 6,100 COGENERATION BAGASSE 5,000 WASTE TO ENERGY 7,000

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RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLATIONS PLANNED IN FUTURE

TECHNOLOGY 12th FIVE YEAR PLAN (MW) 13th FIVE YEAR PLAN (MW) SOLAR 9,000 16,000 WIND 11,000 11,000 SMALL HYDRO 1,600 1,500 BIOGAS, BAGASSE AND WASTE TO ENERGY 2,100 2,000

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KEY GROWTH DRIVERS FOR RENEWABLES IN INDIA

  • Increased energy demand
  • Climate Change
  • Government Initiatives
  • Substantial Potential for Renewable Energy in India
  • Faster and Efficient Implementation of Renewable

Energy Certificates

  • Carbon Trading as a Source of Revenue
  • Economics
  • Insurance against future price of fuel

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INDIA’S NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE Eight National Missions of the National Action Plan

  • National

Solar Mission

  • National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
  • National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
  • National Water Mission
  • National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
  • National Mission for a Green India
  • National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
  • National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate change

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SOLAR ENERGY PERSPECTIVES

In 90 Minutes, enough sunlight strikes the earth to provide the entire planet’s energy needs for

  • ne year……..IEA

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SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY

In April 2013, Solar Impulse -- a solar-powered plane that could

fly day and night without the use of fuel -- completed its historic cross-country journey at New York City’s John F. Kennedy International Airport

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SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY

The Turanor PlanetSolar, the world's largest solar boat, travels

  • n the Seine river in Sevres, outside Paris on Sept. 10, 2013.

The PlanetSolar with its 537 square meters of photovoltaic panels powering 6 blocks of lithium-ion batteries, accomplished the first around the world trip powered only by solar energy in May 2012

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PV TECHNOLOGY STATUS AND PROSPECTS

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SOLAR PV ENERGY

In April 2013, Solar Impulse -- a solar-powered plane that flies

day and night without the use of fuel -- completed its historic cross-country journey at New York City’s John F. Kennedy International Airport.

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SOLAR PV ENERGY TRENDS

  • Three Junction (Concentrator) – 43.5 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Three Junction (Non-Concentrator) – 34.1 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Two Junction (Concentrator) – 32.6 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Single Junction Single Crystal– 26.4 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Single Junction Concentrator– 29.1 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Single Junction Thin Film– 28.8 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Crystalline Si Cells Single Crystal –25.0 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Crystalline Si Cells Multi-crystalline –20.4 % efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Crystalline Si Cells Si Hetero Structure–23.0 % efficiency targeted to

achieve

  • Thin Film Technology Cu Se2-20.3% efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Thin Film Technology Cd Te-17.3% efficiency targeted to achieve
  • Thin Film Technology Amorphous Si-13.4% efficiency targeted to achieve

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PV Cells…..Theoretical projections

PROS

  • Multi junction devices are one of the approaches to exceed single junction

efficiencies

  • For 50% efficiency,

5 junctions shall be needed assuming 80% absorption is possible CONS

  • The tandem approach is limited by the availability of stable materials of desired

band gaps

  • Concentration poses challenges in acceptance angle and thermal management

as the degree of concentration is increased

# Junctions in Cells 1 Sun µ Maximum Concentration µ

1 Junction 30.8% 40.8% 2 Junction 42.9% 55.7% 3 Junction 49.3% 63.8% n Junctions 68.2% 86.8%

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SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES

PARABOLIC TROUGH CENTRAL TOWER CLFR PARABOLIC DISH

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SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY CLASSIFICATION

TROUGH

FEATURES

  • Bankability
  • Limited Efficiency
  • End of Engineering

CLFR TOWER DISH

FEATURES

  • High Temperature
  • High Efficiency
  • Less ground area

FEATURES

  • Lower cost solution
  • Most land efficient
  • Ease of construction

FEATURES

  • Much higher temperature
  • High maintenance

requirement

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CSP TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON Parameter

Solar Thermal (CSP) Technologies

Parabolic Trough Solar Tower Fresnel Reflector (CFLR) Solar Dish Site Solar Characteristics/ Solar radiation required Generally sites with annual sum of DNI larger than 1800 kWh/m2 Land Requirement Typically 5-7 acres/ MW Typical shape of solar plant Rectangle Sector of a circle/ Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Water Requirement Typically 4 cu.m/ MWhr Maximum Temperature 400 deg C 270 deg C possible up to 560 deg C 400 deg C 800 deg C Efficiency

~ 14% ~ 17% possible

up to 22%

~ 15% ~ 22-24%

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EFFICIENCY COMPARISON

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WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

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Top 10 wind power countries Country Total capacity end 2012 (MW) China 75,564 United States 60,007 Germany 31,332 Spain 22,796 India 19,564 United Kingdom 8,445 Italy 8,144 France 7,196 Canada 6,200 Portugal 4,425 Rest of world 39,852 Total 282,482

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WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 6 MW offshore wind turbines (Siemens) installed at the UK's Gunfleet Sands wind farm Enercon's E126 7.5 MW is the biggest wind turbine in the world

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TRENDS IN OFFSHORE WIND POWER

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WIND ENERGY

Courtesy : RolandBerger

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WIND ENERGY

Courtesy : RolandBerger

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SOLAR TO HYDROGEN

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SOLAR TO HYDROGEN

CO2/C SEQUESTRATION

SOLAR ENERGY

CONCENTRATED THERMAL ENERGY

PHOTOVOLTAIC

BIO‐PHOTOLYSIS MECHANICAL TO ELECTRICAL WATER SOLAR THERMOLYSIS

SOLAR THERMO CHEMICAL CYCLES

FOSSIL FUEL (Natural gas, coal,

  • il)

ELECTROLYSIS

PHOTO‐ ELECTROLYSIS

SOLAR GASIFICATION SOLAR CRACKING SOLAR REFORMING

SOLAR HYDROGEN

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MICROGRID AND SMART GRID

A microgrid is a shared network of distributed generation and storage that can operate in “island mode” during grid

  • utages

and remains connected to the local utility system. A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses information and communication technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity.

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MICROGRID AND SMART GRID

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MICROGRID AND SMART GRID

CHALLENGES WITH MICROGRIDS

OWNERSHIP TARIFF STRUCTURE PRIORTISATION GRID COMMITMENTS STROND INTERACTION BETWEEN ACTIVE AND REACTIVE

POWER

PROTECTION AND SAFETY ISLANDING IN CASE OF GRID FAILURE

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ENERGY STORAGE – WIND POWER

The Notrees Wind Storage Demonstration Project is a 36 MWp, 24 MWh

energy storage & power management system which became fully

  • perational in December’12. The installation demonstrates how energy

storage (in mega sized industrial battery systems) can moderate the intermittent nature of wind by storing excess energy when the wind is blowing and making it available later to the electric grid to meet customer demand.

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CLASSES OF ENERGY STORAGE

COMMON NAME EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS DISCHARGE TIME REQUIRED Power Quality Transient Stability, Frequency Regulation Seconds to Minutes Bridging Power Contingency Reserves, Ramping Minutes to ~1 hour Energy Management Load Leveling, Firm Capacity, T&D Deferral Hours

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STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT High Energy Batteries-Lithium Ion, Vanadium redox, Sodium Sulphur Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Thermal Energy Storage- Most often associated with Concentrating Solar Power, Molten Salt Storage

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ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES

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ONGOING GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

SOLAR Jawaharlal National Solar Mission State Government Policies Setting up of SEC Indo-US Research Facility at IISc. OFFSHORE WIND National Offshore Wind Energy Policy (Draft) National Smart Grid Mission 2014 Small Hydro Power Programme

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OPPORTUNITIES

Unlimited resources Distributed availability of energy resource such

as Biomass, Solar Energy

Distributed generation Government initiative Independence from Central energy regulator

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CHALLENGES

The intermittent nature of renewable Water Diffused availability Unequal distribution throughout the country Transmission problems and grid infrastructure Storage of Energy- Molten Salt/ Batteries High cost of generation Non-bankability of emerging technologies Limited supplier of renewable energy equipment Statutory approvals Availability of authentic resource data

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MARKET SHARE-CSP TECHNOLOGIES

TECHNOLOGY INSTALLED CAPACITY (MW) PLANTS U/OPERATION Parabolic Trough 2707 40 Central Tower 62.4 8 Parabolic Dish ‐‐ ‐‐ CLFR 45.65 4

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COST TREND IN RENEWABLES

TECHNOLOGY Unit Energy Cost (Rs) in 2012-13 Unit Energy Cost (Rs) in 2013-14

SOLAR PV 10.39 8.75 SOLAR THERMAL 12.46 11.90 WIND 3.73 to 5.96 (depending upon wind zone) 3.93 to 6.29 (depending upon wind zone) SMALL HYDRO 3.54 to 4.88 (Varying from state to state) 3.75 to 5.16 (Varying from state to state) BIOMASS (GASIFIER) 5.44 to 6.19 (Depending upon plant capex, capacity etc.) 5.85 to 6.65 (Depending upon plant capex, capacity etc.) BIOGAS POWER PROJECTS 6.44 6.91 BIOMASS POWER PROJECT 5.12 to 6.18(Depending upon plant capex, capacity etc.) 5.49 to 6.24 (Depending upon plant capex, capacity etc.)

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WIND ENERGY

Courtesy : RolandBerger

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WIND ENERGY

Courtesy : RolandBerger

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ELECTRICITY GENERATION

SOURCE: IEA

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Key Technologies For Emission Reduction

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SOLAR TO HYDROGEN-TECHNOLOGY

Using solar cells, solar energy can be used directly to fuel electrolysis to produce hydrogen as a fuel

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MICROGRID AND SMART GRID

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