REALL- Riccarton Eco-Village Project A Standard Test facility for the Integration of Water Efficient Low Carbon Buildings, Technologies and Behaviours Gary Clark Project Director Susan Roaf Research Director 1
Introduction: REALL addresses the needs for: • Aff ordable housing that meets 2016 targets • Integration of construction , technology and behaviour • Comparable, independent, first class science • Role of building fabric in meeting targets • A test bed for new technologies • Vital Validation for simulation models and field trials • A WORLD LEADING STANDARD TEST FACILITY FOR LOW CARBON HOUSING Findhorn: Field of Dreams 2
Context: Scottish Precedents Joined up Scotland leading the low carbon enlightenment Products, buildings and people Testing Products and buildings Products 3 Scale
Description: Project Aims Brief: Ten 2-3 bedroom semi-detached houses Standard 2 storey floor plan of 80m2 Physical Factors: Wall Construction Thermal Mass Ventilation Strategy Heating Systems Renewable Systems Water Appliances And Occupant Behaviour Constants: Layout, U-Values, Air-tightness, windows, floors, roofs, internal construction, appliances 4
Project: Campus Location Findhorn Foundation 5
Project: Feasibility Layout 6
Project: Physical Factors House Type Performance Wall Thermal Vent Heating Renewables Water Type Mass Type System Use A1: Heavy 2013 Block High Natural Air to air PV+ Solar HW Typical Cavity A2: Heavy 2013 External High Natural Gas PV+ Solar HW Low Insulated Block B1: Medium 2013 Block Medium Natural GSHP PV+Solar HW Typical Internal B2: Medium 2013 Brick Medium Natural Gas PV+ Solar HW Low External C1: Light 2013 Timber Light Natural Air to PV+Solar HW Typical Frame Water C2: Light 2016 Timber Light Natural Gas PV+ Solar HW low Frame D1: Panel 2013 SIPS Light Natural Gas PV+Solar HW High D2: Panel 2016 SIPS Light Mechanical Gas PV+ Solar HW Very Recovery Low E1: 1918 Pre 1918 Brick and Hybrid Natural Gas PV+Solar HW High House Stone E2:1918 2016 Brick and Hybrid Mechanical Gas PV+ Solar HW Very House Stone Recovery Low Retrofit Option 7
Delivery: Project Programme HWU Eco-Village Masterplan Programme Issue 15/03/11 April May June July August September October November December January Febuary March April May June July August September October November December Task 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 6 13 20 27 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 18 23 30 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 Master Programme 1 Internal Stakeholder Consultation 2 Funding Strategy and Qucik Wins 3 Project Outline Brief 4 Project Board 5 Project Steering Group Meetings 6 Detailed Brief and Business Case 7 Project Team Appointment 8 Project Team Meetings X X X X x x x x x x x x x x x 9 Options Appraisal 10 Stage C Design 11 Finalise Stage C Design and Costings 12 PME/Court Sign Off 13 Stage D- Design 14 Graphics and Presentation Material 15 Publicity Launch Event 16 Fund Raising 17 Planning Submission X 18 Stage E-Detailed Deisgn 19 Building Control Submission 20 Stage F- Producation Information 21 Procurement Route and Funding Sign off 22 Contractor Tender Period 23 Construction Period 24 Installation of Monitoring Equipment 25 Commissioning and Soft Landings 26 Building Completion 27 FF&E Installation 28 Occupation and Publicity Event 29 Post-Occupation Research (12-36 Months) 30 Analysis and Research Year 1 Write up 31 Research Conference Funding Design Construction 8
Research: Thematic Structure 9
Research RESEARCH FIELDS- ADAPTATION RESEARCH • Building Overheating • Extreme weather responses – wind / rain / heat / drought / freezing • Flood-Proofing Design strategies • Energy supply sensitivities • Indoor Comfort / Air Quality • Ventilation strategies • Resilience of materials and finishes • Occupant Behaviours and Education • Water Flows / Pollution • Sewage • Waste Strategies 10
Research Research Opportunities: The HWY Group The Drainage Research Group (DRG) at Heriot-Watt University has an international reputation based upon a range of skills and interests since 1986. These range from finite difference based numerical modelling of the water and airflows within building drainage, waste and ventilation (DWV) systems to its contribution to both industrial product development and research and authorship of national Building Standards legislation in the field of water use. 11
Research: 3 Drivers 1) Resource limits in a changing world. Both water and energy are limited resources and the steady rise of energy costs, concerns about ‘Peak Oil’ and also of climate change on the long term availability and cost of fresh water supplies are a key drive for new efficiency research. 2) Section 7 of the Scottish Building Regulations recently published that cover a wide raft of sustainability requirements for domestic (and non- domestic) buildings now counts carbon emissions for from distributing, processing and heating water. There are six level ranging from bronze to Platinum but water efficiency requirements are applicable to dwelling only and are mandatory if the dwelling is to meet silver or gold standards. The clear message here is that the Scottish Government sees water consumption reductions as coming largely from housing. 3 ) New product development and testing . The need for credible results on water efficient product performance, in dwellings occupied by different people and in conjunction with a range of outflow conditions is paramount. How combinations of different water efficient products in systems, in-use, perform must be combined with behavioural and perceptional studies of their acceptability. 12 • ’
Building on the Waterwise Phase III work programme: • Build the evidence base for domestic water consumption Building on the Waterwise Phase III work reductions through technology applications programme • Study behaviour and attitudes to water use and how providing guidance influences behaviour change • Apply throughout robust, science-based research which advances understanding of how society can resolve the problems of reducing availability of water, increasing population and more water-intense lifestyles • Investigate price sensitivities for water choices • Apply universal Carbon, Energy and Cost-benefit analysis for to the water efficiency systems studied in embodied, running + LCA • Assess and measure issues of sustainability in the researched water saving studies, over time 13
REALL: Water Research REALL TEST REGIME FOR WATER COLD HOT RAIN GREY PHOS PHOS CONSTRUCT WATER WATER WATER WATER CONSTR EXTERNAL HOUSE SEWAGE REGIME REGIME MATS MATS 1 High Mass BAU - LBD BAU - M LS - XC GUT 1 SYST 1 X HIGH 2 High Mass EFF - LBD EFF - M MS - XC GUT 1 SYST 1 X HIGH 3 Med Mass BAU - MBD BAU - M SS - XC GUT 2 SYST 2 X LOW 4 Med Mass EFF - MBD EFF - M STANDARD GUT 2 SYST 2 X LOW 5 Timber BAU - SBD BAU - M LS - P GUT 3 STANDARD X LOW 6 Timber EFF - SBD EFF - M MS - P GUT 3 STANDARD X LOW 7 SIPS SEPT TANK G4IT - XM SS - P GUT 4 SYST 3 X LOW 8 SIPS SEPT TANK ULT - XM W EVO ST GUT 4 SYST 3 X HIGH 9 HYBRID REED BED G4IT - M POINT USE GUT 5 SYST 4 X HIGH 10 HYBRID REED BED ULT - M OTHER GUT 5 SYST 4 X LOW BAU - Business as Usual ; EFF - Efficient fittings; ULT - Ultra Efficient Fittings LBD - Large Bore Drain ; MBD - Medium Bore Drain ; SBD - Small Bore Drain M - Metered; XM - unmetered; G4IT - no restraints on water usage LS - Large water storage tank ; MS - Medium Storage tank; SS - Small storage tank XC - No cost for energy ; P - energy paid for my tenant W EVO - Water Evolution thermal store POINT USE - point of use geisers 14 GUT - gutter type
Phosphates Projects Will Brownlie 15
Eutrophication • The enrichment of bodies of fresh water by inorganic plant nutrients, mainly nitrate and phosphate • Commonly used to describe enrichment caused by sources of anthropogenic pollution which have an ecologically deleterious impact • In extreme cases of eutrophication, toxic algal blooms can occur, causing hypoxia of waters, fish death and complete ecosystem collapse. Significantly increases filtration costs in potable water reservoirs, in some cases make water unusable as a safe drinking water source
Cost of Eutrophication – dealing with damage
Cost of Eutrophication – responding to policy
Reducing eutrophication Historically focus has been on reduction of points sources • Agriculture • Sewage treatment works • Industrial outputs Now there is a shift to target diffuse pollution Housing may provide ‘low magnitude, but high frequency point sources’ this may represent a significant source of nutrients to the aquatic environment
Making our phosphate footprint Questions? • Does building construction release phosphate into water systems? • What are the sources of phosphate from building construction and house residency? • What is the magnitude of these sources? • How do they get into surrounding water systems? • What techniques effectively reduce phosphate from a construction site and an occupied house?
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