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Reading Agendas between the lines an exercise 3 0 A u g u s t 2 0 1 6 - A I 4 J Wo r k s h o p / E C A I 2 0 1 6 @ D e n H a a g G i o v a n n i S i l e n o ( ) , g . s i l e n o

  1. Reading Agendas between the lines an exercise 3 0 A u g u s t 2 0 1 6 - A I 4 J Wo r k s h o p / E C A I 2 0 1 6 @ D e n H a a g G i o v a n n i S i l e n o ( ) , g . s i l e n o @u v a . n l A l e x a n d e r B o e r , T o m v a n E n g e r s L e i b n i z C e n t e r f o r L a w U n i v e r s i t y o f A m s t e r d a m

  2. Problem context

  3. s o c i a l s y s t e m H o w p e o p l e b e h a v e . .

  4. s o u r c e s s o c i a l o f l a w s y s t e m Wh a t t h e l a w H o w p e o p l e s t a t e s . . b e h a v e . .

  5. s o u r c e s s o c i a l o f l a w s y s t e m Wh a t t h e l a w H o w p e o p l e s t a t e s . . b e h a v e . . s e r v i c e s H o w p u b l i c a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s i m p l e m e n t s t h e l a w . .

  6. s o u r c e s s o c i a l o f l a w s y s t e m Wh a t t h e l a w H o w p e o p l e s t a t e s . . b e h a v e . . a r e t h r e e m a t t e r s o n l y l o o s e l y c o u p l e d s e r v i c e s H o w p u b l i c a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s i m p l e m e n t s t h e l a w . .

  7. Focus on services/social system s o u r c e s s o c i a l o f l a w s y s t e m Wh a t t h e l a w H o w p e o p l e s t a t e s . . b e h a v e . . ● n o n - c o m p l i a n c e s e r v i c e s H o w p u b l i c a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s i m p l e m e n t s t h e l a w . .

  8. Focus on services/social system s o u r c e s s o c i a l o f l a w s y s t e m Wh a t t h e l a w H o w p e o p l e s t a t e s . . b e h a v e . . ● n o n - c o m p l i a n c e s e r v i c e s H o w p u b l i c a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s i m p l e m e n t s t h e l a w . .

  9. Focus on services/social system s o u r c e s s o c i a l o f l a w s y s t e m Wh a t t h e l a w H o w p e o p l e s t a t e s . . b e h a v e . . ● n o n - c o m p l i a n c e ● n e w u s e r r e q u i r e m e n t s s e r v i c e s H o w p u b l i c a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s i m p l e m e n t s t h e l a w . .

  10. Diagnosis of social systems

  11. Diagnosis ● D i a g n o s i s s t a r t s f r o m t h e p r e s u m p t i o n t h a t a f a i l u r e o c c u r r e d i n t h e s y s t e m . ● B u t w h a t c o u n t s a s a f a i l u r e ?

  12. Diagnosis of a designed artifact ● I d e s i g n e d a r t i f a c t n c a s e o f a , w e k n o w t h e f u n c t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m , s o i f d o e s n o t b e h a v e h o w i t w a s s u p p o s e d t o , t h i s i s a f a i l u r e .

  13. Diagnosis of a designed artifact ● I d e s i g n e d a r t i f a c t n c a s e o f a , w e k n o w t h e f u n c t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m , s o i f d o e s n o t b e h a v e h o w i t w a s s u p p o s e d t o , t h i s i s a f a i l u r e .

  14. Diagnosis of a designed artifact ● I d e s i g n e d a r t i f a c t n c a s e o f a , w e k n o w t h e f u n c t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m , s o i f d o e s n o t b e h a v e h o w i t w a s s u p p o s e d t o , t h i s i s a f a i l u r e . ● T w o t y p e s o f f a i l u r e : – o p e r a t i o n a l f a i l u r e – b a d d e s i g n

  15. Consistency-based diagnosis ● I n c a s e o f e l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s , f o r i n s t a n c e , m a n u f a c t u r e r s f u r n i s h t h e n o r m a l b e h a v i o u r o f t h e i t e m .

  16. Consistency-based diagnosis ● I n c a s e o f e l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s , f o r i n s t a n c e , m a n u f a c t u r e r s f u r n i s h t h e n o r m a l b e h a v i o u r o f t h e i t e m . f a i l u r e = i n c o n s i s t e n c y w i t h n o m i n a l s p e c i fj c a t i o n s

  17. Consistency-based diagnosis ● I n c a s e o f e l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s , f o r i n s t a n c e , m a n u f a c t u r e r s f u r n i s h t h e n o r m a l b e h a v i o u r o f t h e i t e m . f a i l u r e = i n c o n s i s t e n c y w i t h n o m i n a l s p e c i fj c a t i o n s ● U s u a l d i a g n o s t i c p r o b l e m : m i n i m a l r e c o g n i z e t h e s e t o f c o m p o n e n t s t h a t p r o d u c e s t h e i n c o n s i s t e n c y

  18. Consistency-based diagnosis ● I n c a s e o f e l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s , f o r i n s t a n c e , m a n u f a c t u r e r s f u r n i s h t h e n o r m a l b e h a v i o u r o f t h e i t e m . f a i l u r e = i n c o n s i s t e n c y w i t h n o m i n a l s p e c i fj c a t i o n s ~ d I n A I t e r m s e f a u l t n e g a t i o n i m p l i e s s t r o n g n e g a t i o n -a :- not a.

  19. Abductive diagnosis ● I n o t h e r d o m a i n s , w e n a t u r a l l y c r e a t e m o d e l s o f f a u l t y b e h a v i o u r , b e c a u s e t h e r e m a y b e n o n - p a t h o l o g i c a l c a s e s i n w h i c h t h i n g s d o n o t g o a s n o t a l l m i s a l i g n m e n t s t o t h e n o r m e x p e c t e d . i . e . a r e f a i l u r e s .

  20. Abductive diagnosis ● I n o t h e r d o m a i n s , w e n a t u r a l l y c r e a t e m o d e l s o f f a u l t y b e h a v i o u r , b e c a u s e t h e r e m a y b e n o n - p a t h o l o g i c a l c a s e s i n w h i c h t h i n g s d o n o t g o a s n o t a l l m i s a l i g n m e n t s t o t h e n o r m e x p e c t e d . i . e . a r e f a i l u r e s . f a i l u r e = c o n s i s t e n c y w i t h e x p l i c i t l y f a u l t y m o d e l ~ d I n A I t e r m s e f a u l t n e g a t i o n i s d i fg e r e n t f r o m s t r o n g n e g a t i o n

  21. Diagnosis of a social system ● Wh a t c o u n t s a s a f a i l u r e i n a s o c i a l s y s t e m ?

  22. Diagnosis of a social system ● Wh a t c o u n t s a s a f a i l u r e i n a s o c i a l s y s t e m ? ● A w r o n g s u p p o s e d l y o c c u r s w h e n t h e r e a r e u n m e t s o c i a l e x p e c t a t i o n s ( f o r a t l e a s t o n e o f t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s )

  23. Diagnosis of a social system ● Wh a t c o u n t s a s a f a i l u r e i n a s o c i a l s y s t e m ? ● A w r o n g s u p p o s e d l y o c c u r s w h e n t h e r e a r e u n m e t s o c i a l e x p e c t a t i o n s ( f o r a t l e a s t o n e o f t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s ) ● T n o r m a t i v e d i r e c t i v e s h e s e a r e s p e c i fj e d v i a : p r o h i b i t i o n s , o b l i g a t i o n s , e t c . – I n p r i n c i p l e , a w r o n g i s d e t e c t a b l e f r o m t h e v i o l a t i o n o f n o r m a t i v e d i r e c t i v e s .

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