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▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s ❆❧❡① ❙♦❧✐s ✶ ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ✶ ✶ ❉❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s ❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✶ ✴ ✷✸

❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ✶ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❡❝t✉r❡s ✷ ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ❆❧❡① ❙♦❧✐s ●✉❡st ▲❡❝t✉r❡r✿ ▼❛tt✐❛s ❊♥❣❞❤❛❧ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✷ ✴ ✷✸

●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ✶ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❡❝t✉r❡s ✷ ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ❆❧❡① ❙♦❧✐s ●✉❡st ▲❡❝t✉r❡r✿ ▼❛tt✐❛s ❊♥❣❞❤❛❧ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✸ ✴ ✷✸

●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ❚❤❡ st✉❞② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧❛❜♦r ♠❛r❦❡t ❤❛s ♣r♦❣r❡ss❡❞ ❡♥♦r♠♦✉s❧② ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❧❛st ✶✵✵ ②❡❛rs ❲❛❣❡s✱ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ ❧❡✐s✉r❡✱ ✈❛❝❛t✐♦♥ t✐♠❡✱ s✐❝❦ ❧❡❛✈❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❡❛r❧✐❡r r❡t✐r❡♠❡♥t✳ ❙❛❢❡t② ♥❡ts ✇❤❡♥ ✉♥❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞✱ ✐❧❧✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❧❞✳ ❙♦❝✐❛❧ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s✳ ❲♦♠❡♥✬s ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❧❛❜♦r ❢♦r❝❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥t✳ ❚❤❡ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ❡❧✐♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝❤✐❧❞ ❧❛❜♦r✳ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✹ ✴ ✷✸

●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ■♥ ▲❛❜♦r ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s ✇❡ st✉❞② ❬✶✴✷❪ ❍♦✇ ✇❛❣❡s ❛r❡ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❡❞ ❚❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ ✇❛❣❡s ❯♥✐♦♥s ●❡♥❞❡r✴❘❛❝❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡s ❘❡t✉r♥s t♦ ❡❞✉❝❛t✐♦♥ ❍✉♠❛♥ ❝❛♣✐t❛❧ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✷✸

●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ■♥ ▲❛❜♦r ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s ✇❡ st✉❞② ❬✷✴✷❪ ❍♦✇ ✇❛❣❡s ❛✛❡❝ts ✇❡❧❧ ❜❡✐♥❣ ■♥❡q✉❛❧✐t② ❯♥❡♠♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ▼✐❣r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛rr✐❛❣❡ ♠❛r❦❡ts ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✻ ✴ ✷✸

●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ❖♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛❝t✐✈❡ ✜❡❧❞s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s✿ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✼ ✴ ✷✸

●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✽ ✴ ✷✸

▲❡❝t✉r❡s ❚♦♣✐❝s ▼❛✐♥❧②✱ r❡✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐t❡r❛t✉r❡ ❈♦♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♣✐r✐❝❛❧ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✭❡❝♦♥♦♠❡tr✐❝s✮ t♦ ❝♦✈❡r t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt♥❛t t♦♣✐❝s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❡❧❞ ❙②❧❧❛❜✉s ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❡ss✳✳✳ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✾ ✴ ✷✸

▲❡❝t✉r❡s ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ●❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐❞❡❛ ✶ ❲❤② ▲❛❜♦r ▼❛r❦❡ts ▲❡❝t✉r❡s ✷ ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ❆❧❡① ❙♦❧✐s ●✉❡st ▲❡❝t✉r❡r✿ ▼❛tt✐❛s ❊♥❣❞❤❛❧ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✶✵ ✴ ✷✸

▲❡❝t✉r❡s ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s✿ ❆r✐③♦ ❬✶❪ ❋❛❝ts ✫ ❚r❡♥❞s ♦♥ ✇❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ ✉♥❡♠♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ✸ ❤♦✉rs ✭✶ ❧❡❝t✉r❡✮ ❙❛❡③✱ ❊♠♠❛♥✉❡❧✱ ❛♥❞ ❚❤♦♠❛s P✐❦❡tt②✳ ✧■♥❝♦♠❡ ■♥❡q✉❛❧✐t② ✐♥ t❤❡ ✶ ❯♥✐t❡❞ ❙t❛t❡s✿ ✶✾✶✸✲✶✾✾✽✳✧ ◗✉❛rt❡r❧② ❏♦✉r♥❛❧ ♦❢ ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s ✶✶✽✱ ♥♦✳ ✶ ✭✷✵✵✸✮✳ ❆❝❡♠♦❣❧✉✱ ❉❛r♦♥✱ ❉❛✈✐❞ ❆✉t♦r✱ ❛♥❞ ❉❛✈✐❞ ▲②❧❡✳ ✧❲♦♠❡♥✱ ❲❛r✱ ❛♥❞ ✷ ❲❛❣❡s✿ ❚❤❡ ❊✛❡❝t ♦❢ ❋❡♠❛❧❡ ▲❛❜♦r ❙✉♣♣❧② ♦♥ t❤❡ ❲❛❣❡ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ❛t ▼✐❞✲❝❡♥t✉r②✳✧ ❏♦✉r♥❛❧ ♦❢ P♦❧✐t✐❝❛❧ ❊❝♦♥♦♠② ✶✶✷✱ ♥♦✳ ✸ ✭✷✵✵✹✮✿ ✹✾✼✲✺✺✶✳ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✶✶ ✴ ✷✸

▲❡❝t✉r❡s ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s✿ ❆r✐③♦ ❬✷❪ ◆❡♦ ❝❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ ❧❛❜♦r s✉♣♣❧② ✭❇❛s✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧✮ ✸ ❤♦✉rs ✭✶ ❧❡❝t✉r❡✮ ❍❡❝❦♠❛♥✱ ❏❛♠❡s ❏✳ ✧❙❤❛❞♦✇ Pr✐❝❡s✱ ▼❛r❦❡t ❲❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ ▲❛❜♦r ✶ ❙✉♣♣❧②✳✧ ❊❝♦♥♦♠❡tr✐❝❛ ✹✷✱ ♥♦✳ ✹ ✭✶✾✼✹✮✿ ✻✼✾✲✾✹✳ ■♠❜❡♥s✱ ●✉✐❞♦ ❲✳✱ ❉♦♥❛❧❞ ❇✳ ❘✉❜✐♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❇r✉❝❡ ■✳ ❙❛❝❡r❞♦t❡✳ ✷ ✧❊st✐♠❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❊✛❡❝t ♦❢ ❯♥❡❛r♥❡❞ ■♥❝♦♠❡ ♦♥ ▲❛❜♦r ❙✉♣♣❧②✿ ❊✈✐❞❡♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❙✉r✈❡② ♦❢ ▲♦tt❡r② P❧❛②❡rs✳✧ ❆♠❡r✐❝❛♥ ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❘❡✈✐❡✇ ✾✶✱ ♥♦✳ ✹ ✭✷✵✵✶✮✿ ✼✼✽✲✼✾✹✳ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✶✷ ✴ ✷✸

▲❡❝t✉r❡s ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s✿ ❆r✐③♦ ❬✸❪ ■♥tr❛✲❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞ ❧❛❜♦r s✉♣♣❧② ✸ ❤♦✉rs ✭✶ ❧❡❝t✉r❡✮ ❍♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞ ❚✐♠❡ ❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ✶ ❆♥❣r✐st✱ ❏♦s❤✉❛✱ ❛♥❞ ❲✐❧❧✐❛♠ ❊✈❛♥s✳ ✧ ❈❤✐❧❞r❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r P❛r❡♥ts✬ ✶ ▲❛❜♦r ❙✉♣♣❧②✿ ❊✈✐❞❡♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ ❊①♦❣❡♥♦✉s ❱❛r✐❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❋❛♠✐❧② ❙✐③❡ ✳✧ ❆♠❡r✐❝❛♥ ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❘❡✈✐❡✇ ✽✽✱ ♥♦✳ ✸ ✭✶✾✾✽✮✿ ✹✺✵✲✹✼✼✳ ▼❛t❡r♥✐t② ❧❡❛✈❡ ✷ ❆♥❣❡❧♦✈✱ ◆✐❦♦❧❛② ❛♥❞ ❆r✐③♦ ❑❛r✐♠✐✱ ✏ ▼♦t❤❡rs✬ ✐♥❝♦♠❡ r❡❝♦✈❡r② ❛❢t❡r ✶ ❝❤✐❧❞❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ✳✑ ■❋❆❯ ❲♦r❦✐♥❣ ♣❛♣❡r ✷✵✶✷ ▼❛rr✐❛❣❡ ♠❛r❦❡ts ✸ ❇❡❝❦❡r✱ ●❛r②✳ ✧ ❆ ❚❤❡♦r② ♦❢ ▼❛rr✐❛❣❡✿ P❛rt ■ ✳✧ ❏♦✉r♥❛❧ ♦❢ P♦❧✐t✐❝❛❧ ✶ ❊❝♦♥♦♠② ✽✶✱ ♥♦✳ ✹ ✭✶✾✼✸✮✿ ✽✶✸✲✹✻✳ ❆❧❡① ✫ ❆r✐③♦ ✭❯♣♣s❛❧❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✮ ▲❛❜♦r ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝s P❛r❡t♦✱ ▼❛② ✷✵✶✹ ✶✸ ✴ ✷✸